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Proposito, M.
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Proposito, M.
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- PublicationOpen AccessA database of the coseismic effects following the 30 October 2016 Norcia earthquake in Central Italy(2018)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ;; ; ; ;; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ;We provide a database of the coseismic geological surface effects following the Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake that hit central Italy on 30 October 2016. This was one of the strongest seismic events to occur in Europe in the past thirty years, causing complex surface ruptures over an area of >400 km2. The database originated from the collaboration of several European teams (Open EMERGEO Working Group; about 130 researchers) coordinated by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. The observations were collected by performing detailed field surveys in the epicentral region in order to describe the geometry and kinematics of surface faulting, and subsequently of landslides and other secondary coseismic effects. The resulting database consists of homogeneous georeferenced records identifying 7323 observation points, each of which contains 18 numeric and string fields of relevant information. This database will impact future earthquake studies focused on modelling of the seismic processes in active extensional settings, updating probabilistic estimates of slip distribution, and assessing the hazard of surface faulting.6434 49 - PublicationOpen AccessSurface ruptures following the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake, central Italy(2018)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ;; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;We present a 1:25,000 scale map of the coseismic surface ruptures following the 30 October 2016 M-w 6.5 Norcia normal-faulting earthquake, central Italy. Detailed rupture mapping is based on almost 11,000 oblique photographs taken from helicopter flights, that has been verified and integrated with field data (>7000 measurements). Thanks to the common efforts of the Open EMERGEO Working Group (130 people, 25 research institutions and universities from Europe), we were able to document a complex surface faulting pattern with a dominant strike of N135 degrees-160 degrees (SW-dipping) and a subordinate strike of N320 degrees-345 degrees (NE-dipping) along about 28km of the active Mt. Vettore-Mt. Bove fault system. Geometric and kinematic characteristics of the rupture were observed and recorded along closely spaced, parallel or subparallel, overlapping or step-like synthetic and antithetic fault splays of the activated fault systems, comprising a total surface rupture length of approximately 46km when all ruptures were considered.6381 129 - PublicationOpen AccessA synthesis of the Antarctic surface mass balance during the last 800 yr(2013-02-20)
; ; ; ; ; ;Frezzotti, M.; ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo sostenibile, Rome, Italy ;Scarchilli, C.; ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo sostenibile, Rome, Italy ;Becagli, S.; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto F.no, Italy ;Proposito, M.; ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo sostenibile, Rome, Italy ;Urbini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; Global climate models suggest that Antarctic snowfall should increase in a warming climate and mitigate rises in the sea level. Several processes affect surface mass balance (SMB), introducing large uncertainties in past, present and future ice sheet mass balance. To provide an extended perspective on the past SMB of Antarctica, we used 67 firn/ice core records to reconstruct the temporal variability in the SMB over the past 800 yr and, in greater detail, over the last 200 yr. Our SMB reconstructions indicate that the SMB changes over most of Antarctica are statistically negligible and that the current SMB is not exceptionally high compared to the last 800 yr. High-accumulation periods have occurred in the past, specifically during the 1370s and 1610s. However, a clear increase in accumulation of more than 10% has occurred in high SMB coastal regions and over the highest part of the East Antarctic ice divide since the 1960s. To explain the differences in behaviour between the coastal/ice divide sites and the rest of Antarctica, we suggest that a higher frequency of blocking anticyclones increases the precipitation at coastal sites, leading to the advection of moist air in the highest areas, whereas blowing snow and/or erosion have significant negative impacts on the SMB at windy sites. Eight hundred years of stacked records of the SMB mimic the total solar irradiance during the 13th and 18th centuries. The link between those two variables is probably indirect and linked to a teleconnection in atmospheric circulation that forces complex feedback between the tropical Pacific and Antarctica via the generation and propagation of a large-scale atmospheric wave train.694 539 - PublicationOpen AccessSnow Accumulation in the Talos Dome Area: Preliminary Results(2008-07)
; ; ; ; ;Frezzotti, M.; ENEA, Laboratory for Climate Observations, Roma - Italy ;Proposito, M.; ENEA, Laboratory for Climate Observations, Roma - Italy ;Urbini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Gandolfi, S.; DISTART, Università di Bologna – Italy; ; ; Determining snow accumulation is one of the principal challenges in mass balance studies and in the interpretation of ice core records. Accurate knowledge of the spatial distribution of snow accumulation is fundamental for understanding the present mass balance and its implication on sea level change, for reliable numerical simulation of past and future ice sheet dynamics, and for creating atmospheric climate models. Depth-age models for deep ice cores require knowledge of the temporal variability of snow accumulation. Accumulation of snow principally results from precipitation of snow and its redistribution/ablation by wind at the surface (Frezzotti et al., 2004a). Chemical and isotopic analysis of ice cores reveals seasonal and annual signals. However, these signals may not be representative of annual snow accumulation or of the annual chemical/isotopic composition of snow. Talos Dome (TD, 72°48’S; 159°06’E, 2316 m, T -41.0 °C) is an ice dome on the edge of the East Antarctic plateau, about 290 km from the Southern Ocean and 250 km from the Ross Sea (Fig. 1). An ice core is currently being drilled at this site (Frezzotti et al., 2004b) within the framework of the Talos Dome Ice Core Project (TALDICE). In order to provide detailed information on the temporal and spatial variability of snow accumulation, research was conducted at Talos Dome and along a North-South transect (GV7-GV5-TD-31DPT) in the framework of the ITASE programme. The 400 km-long transect follows the ice divide from the Southern Ocean to Talos Dome, and then continues in a southward direction towards Taylor Dome. Stake network measurements, ice core analysis and snow radar surveys along the transect have provided detailed information for reconstructing the temporal (annual) and spatial (meter scale) variability of snow accumulation over the last 200 years at the km scale.281 232 - PublicationRestrictedSpatial and temporal variability of surface mass balance near Talos Dome, East Antarctica(2007)
; ; ; ; ; ;Frezzotti, M.; Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, Rome, Italy ;Urbini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Proposito, M.; Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, Rome, Italy ;Scarchilli, C.; Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, Rome, Italy - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Siena, Siena, Italy ;Gandolfi, S.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria delle Strutture, dei Trasporti, delle Acque, del Rilevamento, del Territorio, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; ; ; ; Predictions concerning Antarctica’s contribution to sea level change have been hampered by poor knowledge of surface mass balance. Snow accumulation is the most direct climate indicator and has important implications for paleoclimatic reconstruction from ice cores. Snow accumulation measurements (stake, core, snow radar) taken along a 500-km transect crossing Talos Dome (East Antarctica) have been used to assess accumulation signals and the representativeness of ice core records. Stake readings show that accumulation hiatuses can occur at sites with accumulation rates below 120 kg m 2 yr 1. Differences between cores and stakes can lead to statistical misidentification of annual layers determined from seasonal signals at sites with accumulation rates below 200 kg m 2 yr 1 because of nondetection of higher and lower values. Achieving ±10% accuracy in the reconstruction of snow accumulation from single cores requires high accumulation (750 kg m 2 yr 1). Low-accumulation sites are representative if cumulative rates computed over several years are used to reach the 750 kg m 2 yr 1 threshold. Temporal variability of accumulation over the last two centuries shows no significant increase in accumulation. Wind-driven processes are a fundamental component of surface mass balance. Spatial variations in accumulation are well correlated with surface slope changes along the wind direction and may exceed 200 kg m 2 yr 1 within 1 km. Wind-driven sublimation rates are less than 50 kg m 2 yr 1 in plateau areas and up to 260 kg m 2 yr 1 in slope areas and account for 20–75% of precipitation, whereas depositional features are negligible in surface mass balance.254 19 - PublicationRestrictedSpatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation in East Antarctica from traverse data(2005-07-21)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Frezzotti, M.; Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, ‘Progetto Clima Globale’, Rome, Italy ;Pourchet, M.; Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Saint Martin d’Hères, France ;Flora, O.; Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Ambientali e Marine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ;Gandolfi, S.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria delle Strutture, dei Trasporti, delle Acque, del Rilevamento, del Territorio, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ;Gay, M.; Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Saint Martin d’Hères, France ;Urbini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Vincent, C.; Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Saint Martin d’Hères, France ;Becagli, S.; Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy ;Gragnani, R.; Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, ‘Progetto Clima Globale’, Rome, Italy ;Proposito, M.; Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, ‘Progetto Clima Globale’, Rome, Italy ;Severi, M.; Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy ;Traversi, R.; Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy ;Udisti, R.; Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy ;Fily, M.; Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Saint Martin d’Hères, France; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Recent snow accumulation rate is a key quantity for ice core and mass balance studies. Several accumulation measurement methods (stake farm, fin core, snow-radar profiling, surface morphology, remote sensing) were used, compared and integrated at eight sites along a transect from Terra Nova Bay to Dome C (East Antarctica) to provide information about the spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation. Thirty-nine cores were dated by identifying tritium/β marker levels (1965–66[AUTHOR: Please check dates, I don’t think this agrees with table 1]) and no-sea-salt (nss) SO4 raised to the power of 2– spikes of the Tambora volcanic event (1816) in order to provide information on temporal variability. Cores were linked by snow radar and GPS surveys to provide detailed information on spatial variability in snow accumulation. Stake farm and ice core accumulation rates are observed to differ significantly, but isochrones (snow radar) correlate well with ice core derived accumulation. The accumulation/ablation pattern from stake measurements suggests that the annual local noise (metre scale) in snow accumulation can approach 2 years of ablation and more than four times the average annual accumulation, with no accumulation or ablation for a 5-year period in up to 40% of cases. The spatial variability of snow accumulation at the kilometre scale is one order of magnitude higher than temporal variability at the multi-decadal/secular scale. Stake measurements and firn cores at Dome C confirm an approximate 30% increase in accumulation over the last two centuries, with respect to the average over the last 5000 years.255 30 - PublicationRestrictedNew estimations of precipitation and surface sublimation in East Antarctica from snow accumulation measurements(2004-12)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Frezzotti, M.; Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, ‘Progetto Clima Globale’, Rome, Italy ;Pourchet, M.; Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Saint Martin d’Hères, France ;Flora, O.; Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Ambientali e Marine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ;Gandolfi, S.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria delle Strutture, dei Trasporti, delle Acque, del Rilevamento, del Territorio, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ;Gay, M.; Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Saint Martin d’Hères, France ;Urbini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Vincent, C.; Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Saint Martin d’Hères, France ;Becagli, S.; Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy ;Gragnani, R.; Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, ‘Progetto Clima Globale’, Rome, Italy ;Proposito, M.; Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, ‘Progetto Clima Globale’, Rome, Italy ;Severi, M.; Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy ;Traversi, R.; Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy ;Udisti, R.; Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy ;Fily, M.; Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Saint Martin d’Hères, France; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Surface mass balance (SMB) distribution and its temporal and spatial variability is an essential input parameter in mass balance studies. Different methods were used, compared and integrated (stake farms, ice cores, snow radar, surface morphology, remote sensing) at eight sites along a transect from Terra Nova Bay (TNB) to Dome C (DC) (East Antarctica), to provide detailed information on the SMB. Spatial variability measurements show that the measured maximum snow accumulation (SA) in a 15 km area is well correlated to firn temperature. Wind-driven sublimation processes, controlled by the surface slope in the wind direction, have a huge impact (up to 85% of snow precipitation) on SMB and are significant in terms of past, present and future SMB evaluations. The snow redistribution process is local and has a strong impact on the annual variability of accumulation. The spatial variability of SMB at the kilometre scale is one order of magnitude higher than its temporal variability (20–30%) at the centennial time scale. This high spatial variability is due to wind-driven sublimation. Compared with our SMB calculations, previous compilations generally over-estimate SMB, up to 65% in some areas.391 31