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Earth-Prints is an open archive created and maintained by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. This digital collection allows users to browse, search and access manuscripts, journal articles, theses, conference materials, books, book-chapters, web products.

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  • PublicationOpen Access
    From perception to action: the narrative exhibit as a tool for risk communication in the Phlegraean Fields
    This article details an interactive narrative exhibit developed for the 2024 Futuro Remoto science festival in Naples, Italy. The exhibit was designed to explore people’s relationship with risk and how they translate awareness into concrete actions. The approximately 200 participants in the workshop represented a community uniquely sensitized to volcanic risk, having recently experienced a prolonged seismic crisis. The activity conducted through the exhibit’s ‘gameplay’ reveals a significant discrepancy between citizens’ self-perception and the reality of concrete preparedness measures. Despite being highly aware of the risk, many participants who considered themselves cautious and organised lacked basic preventive measures, such as emergency kits or knowledge of assembly points. The study advocates for a shift in disaster communication–moving beyond the mere transmission of technical information toward participatory strategies that foster individual agency and shared responsibility.
  • PublicationOpen Access
    Contrasting behaviour in geogenic degassing along an active segment of the East Anatolian fault zone (Türkiye)
    (-Oxford: Elsevier Science Limited -Oxford : Pergamon, 1986-, 2026-03-08) ; ; ; ; ;
    Elmacı, H
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    Kürkcüoglu, B
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    Kahraman, B
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    Demirtas, A
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    Gürboga, ¸
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    Özdemir, A
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    Akıllı, H
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    Çiçek, A
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    Taskıran, L
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    Toklu, M
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    Över, S
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    Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara, Türkiye
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    Academia Sinica, Institute of Earth Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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    Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Trieste, Italy
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    Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Bornova-Izmir, 35100, Türkiye
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    General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
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    Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara, Türkiye
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    Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara, Türkiye
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    Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara, Türkiye
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    ˙Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mines, Department of Geological Engineering, Ayaza˘ga, ˙Istanbul, Türkiye
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    Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, Eskisehir, Türkiye
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    Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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    Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara, Türkiye
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    General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
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    General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
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    General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
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    State Hydraulic Works, Dept. of Groundwater, Ankara, Türkiye
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    Iskenderun Technical University, Civil Engineering Department, Hatay, Türkiye
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    Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD), Ankara, Türkiye
    Seismically active areas have long been recognised as hotspots of geogenic degassing. The present study investigated the Osmaniye Fault which belongs to the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ). Although EAFZ has been recently (February 2023) hit by the destructive Kahramanmaras¸ earthquake, the studied segment was not involved and is still accumulating stress. Three areas along this structure were selected with gas samples collected and analysed for their chemical and isotope compositions. Extensive CO2-flux measurements were performed together with some soil gas Rn measurements in two of the areas. The three areas were characterised by very different degassing behaviour both in term of chemical and isotope composition and in term of CO2 output. In the first (area A), signs of anomalous degassing are visible with several thousands of m2 showing stunted or absent vegetation, strong alteration of the soils and extensive surface deposits of sulfur and sulfates efflorescences. The CO2-flux measurements yielded a wide range of values (1.3-57,200 g m-2 day-1). Soil Rn activity was generally very low (0.1-1.7 kBq m-3). Soil gas chemistry indicates a mixing between atmospheric air and a CO2-rich deep geogenic end-member (δ13C ~ 0‰). Helium isotope composition indicates a high mantle contribution (R/RA ~ 6). Area B, on the contrary, shows very low soil flux values (0.4-57 g m-2 day-1), almost all compatible with organic activity in the soil, low Rn activity (0.3-5.6 kBq m-3) and strongly negative δ13C–CO2 values (<-21.7‰). In area C, geogenic degassing can be recognised only as gas bubbling in a hyperalkaline (pH ~ 12) spring. The gases comprise predominantly CH4 of likely abiotic origin. The absence of deep-derived CO2 suggests consumption either by carbonate precipitation or through reactions with H2 produced during serpentinization processes occurring in the ultramafic rocks of the area. Deep origin of at least part of the gases is supported by the substantial contribution of mantle He (R/RA ~ 3). Estimation of the total CO2 output of area A gave a value of about 20,000 t a-1. Such output value, comparable with a quiescent volcanic system, further underscores the important contribution of geogenic degassing along active tectonic structures to the natural carbon cycle. Periodic and/or continuous monitoring of gaseous emissions in the same area would be useful to obtain possible precursory signals.
  • PublicationOpen Access
    Volatiles in the mantle below Northern Antarctica: Insights from Deception Island volcano
    (Pubblicata da: INT ASSOC GONDWANA RESEARCH, KOCHI UNIV, FACULTY SCIENCE AKEBONO-CHO 2-5-1, KOCHI, JAPAN, 780-8520, 2026-04-28) ;
    Labidi, Jabrane
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    Young, Edward
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    Ávila, Conxita
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    Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Universit´e de Paris, CNRS, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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    Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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    Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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    Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, UCLA, 595 Charles E Young Dr, 90095 Los Angeles, USA
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    Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo 153-8904 Tokyo, Japan
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    Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ci`encies Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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    Geosciences Barcelona (GEO3BCN), CSIC, Lluís Sol´e i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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    The incomplete knowledge of the pristine composition of the Earth's interior along with the variable impact of shallow ecosystems on the mantle over geological time severely restrict the ability to assess the volatiles budget in the Earth's deep reservoirs and how geodynamics controls mantle heterogeneity. We present the results of a geochemical exploration at Deception Island volcano in Antarctica, whose fluids provide the rare opportunity to investigate the mantle at very high latitudes. This region is characterized by a paucity of data due to its remoteness and not easy to reach to explore and collect samples in the field. Helium isotopes combined with the carbon-isotope composition of carbon dioxide in fluids emitted at Deception Island match the composition of the convective Mid Oceanic Mantle Reservoir (MORBtype). In contrast, the nitrogen 15 N 15 N isotopologues surprisingly indicate an excess of nitrogen respect to a MORB-type Earth mantle. We conclude that this is due to the subduction of shallow crustal materials with low carbon/nitrogen ratios-typical of high-latitude regions-down into the mantle. Our results therefore highlight the impact of the surface environment on the Earth's interior by revealing a convincing match between the low carbon/nitrogen ratios of the lowest latitude surface environment and of the mantle-derived fluids. These findings offer novel perspectives into the role of diverse latitudinal surface ecosystems in shaping the heterogeneity of the Earth's mantle and their implications for carbon and nitrogen cycles.
  • PublicationOpen Access
    Mortars From Punic and Hellenistic-Roman Solunto: Materials, Formulations, and Technology
    (-Oxford: Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd for University of Oxford (Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art) in association with Gesellschaft für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie Archaeometrie the Society for Archaeological Sciences and Associazione Italiana di Archeometria -Oxford: Blackwell, 2026) ;
    Portale, C
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    Polizzi, G
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    This study presents an archaeometric investigation of 18 hydraulic rendering and bedding mortars from Punic and Hellenistic-Roman Solunto (NW Sicily). The research aimed to characterize raw materials, reconstruct manufacturing sequences, and evaluate technological proficiency through mineralogical and petrochemical analyses. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) reveal the consistent use of magnesian aerial lime derived from local dolostones. Aggregates consist of cocciopesto (crushed pottery/brick) or local geological materials. The results clarify production techniques for hydraulic mortars made without natural pozzolans, showing that magnesium-rich binders combined with cocciopesto or dolomite yield mortars with good hydraulic performance. A key finding is the presence of hydrotalcite, a rare crystalline phase indicating advanced empirical knowledge in producing durable, water-resistant mortars. These insights enhance our understanding of ancient construction practices and support the development of compatible conservation materials. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • PublicationOpen Access
    Dalla penna al pennino. I terremoti prima del sismografo
    La distribuzione spaziale e temporale dei terremoti riveste un’importanza cruciale nella valutazione della pericolosità sismica, cioè della stima dello scuotimento sismico su una determinata area. Le faglie, strutture geologiche responsabili dei terremoti, sono spesso situate in profondità nel terreno e in alcuni casi individuate solo a seguito del verificarsi di un evento sismico. Esse possono rimanere inattive per lunghi periodi, talvolta anche secoli. Inoltre, quelle di dimensioni maggiori possono attivarsi solo in alcune parti o lungo tutta la loro lunghezza, provocando una grande varietà di scenari ed eventi di magnitudo anche molto diversa a seconda della porzione di faglia interessata. Un’analisi della sismicità limitata a pochi anni può fornire un quadro della “vita” delle faglie, in termini di intervallo tra gli eventi sismici ed energia rilasciata, incompleto. Estendere quanto più possibile nel tempo l’analisi dei terremoti assicura di definire con maggiore affidabilità e completezza la “pericolosità” sismica di una certa area. Tuttavia, la sismometria moderna inizia solo negli anni Sessanta del secolo scorso. Infatti, nonostante i numerosi tentativi, lungo quasi duemila anni, di costruire strumenti in grado di registrare terremoti e conservare i relativi sismogrammi, molti apparati costruiti prima di quel periodo non hanno ottenuto i risultati prefissati. E comunque nei numerosi casi, soprattutto a partire dalla fine dell’Ottocento, in cui gli strumenti hanno funzionato, solo una piccola parte delle loro registrazioni è stata rintracciata e archiviata. Se basassimo le nostre analisi di sismicità solo sui dati a partire dalla seconda metà del Novecento avremmo un quadro della sismicità della penisola italiana molto diverso da quello reale. Nella figura 1 sono riportati i terremoti di magnitudo superiore a 5 avvenuti a partire dal 1960. In base a quella carta, la Liguria non risulta mai essere stata interessata da terremoti “forti” mentre per altri settori della penisola, come la costa adriatica settentrionale, la Toscana e il Lazio, il quadro della sismicità è profondamente diverso rispetto alle conoscenze attuali. Perfino la Sicilia e la Calabria risultano poco sismiche. Si pone dunque il problema di ricostruire la sismicità per periodi nei quali non esistevano, o comunque non erano sufficientemente affidabili, strumenti sismici o per i quali le registrazioni sono andate perdute. In questo articolo, dopo una veloce ricostruzione della storia degli apparati sismici, vengono descritte le tecniche con le quali è possibile riconoscere e catalogare terremoti anche per periodi nei quali non esisteva strumentazione sismica.