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Cashman, Katharine
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- PublicationOpen AccessMeMoVolc consensual document: a review of cross-disciplinary approaches to characterizing small explosive magmatic eruptions(2015)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; A workshop entitled “Tracking and understanding volcanic emissions through cross37 disciplinary integration: A textural working group.” was held at the Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont-Ferrand, France) on the 6-7th November 2012. This workshop was supported by the European Science Foundation (ESF). The main objective of the workshop was to establish an initial advisory group to begin to define measurements, methods, formats and standards to be applied in the integration of geophysical, physical and textural data collected during volcanic eruptions so as to homogenize procedures to be applied and integrated during both past and ongoing events. The working group comprised a total of 35 scientists from six countries (France, Italy, Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland and Iceland). The group comprised eleven advisors from the textural analysis field, eleven from deposit studies, seven geochemists and six geophysicists. The four main aims were to discuss and define: 1) Standards, precision and measurement protocols for textural analysis; 2) Identify textural, field deposit, chemistry and geophysical parameters that can best be measured and combined; 3) Agree on the best delivery formats so that data can be sheared between, and easily used by, each group; 4) Review multi-disciplinary sampling and measurement routines currently used, and measurement standards applied, by each community. The group agreed that community-wide cross-disciplinary integration, centered on defining those measurements and formats that can be best combined, is an attainable but key global focus. Consequently, we prepared a final document to be used as the foundation for a larger, international textural working group to serve as the basis of fully realizing such a pandisciplinary goal in volcanology. Thus, we here report our initial conclusions and recommendations.605 267 - PublicationRestrictedMeMoVolc report on classification and dynamics of volcanic explosive eruptions(2016-10-28)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Bonadonna, C. ;Cioni, R. ;Costa, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Druitt, T. ;Phillips, J. ;Pioli, L. ;Andronico, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Harris, A. ;Scollo, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Bachmann, O. ;Bagheri, G. ;Biass, S. ;Brogi ;Cashman, K. ;Dominguez, L ;Dürig, T. ;Galland, O. ;Giordano, G. ;Gudmundsson, M. ;Hort, M. ;Höskuldsson, A. ;Houghton, B. ;Komorowski, J. C. ;Küppers, U. ;Lacanna, G. ;Le Pennec, J. L. ;Macedonio, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Manga, M. ;Manzella, I. ;de’ Michieli Vitturi, M. ;Neri, A. ;Pistolesi, M. ;Polacci, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Ripepe, M. ;Rossi, E. ;Scheu, B. ;Sulpizio, R. ;Tripoli, B. ;Valade, S. ;Valentine, G. ;Vidal, C. ;Wallenstein, N. ; ;; ; ; ;; ;; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Classifications of volcanic eruptions were first introduced in the early twentieth century mostly based on qualitative observations of eruptive activity, and over time, they have gradually been developed to incorporate more quantitative descriptions of the eruptive products from both deposits and observations of active volcanoes. Progress in physical volcanology, and increased capability in monitoring, measuring and modelling of explosive eruptions, has highlighted shortcomings in the way we classify eruptions and triggered a debate around the need for eruption classification and the advantages and disadvantages of existing classification schemes. Here, we (i) review and assess existing classification schemes, focussing on subaerial eruptions; (ii) summarize the fundamental processes that drive and parameters that characterize explosive volcanism; (iii) identify and prioritize the main research that will improve the understanding, characterization and classification of volcanic eruptions and (iv) provide a roadmap for producing a rational and comprehensive classification scheme. In particular, classification schemes need to be objective-driven and simple enough to permit scientific exchange and promote transfer of knowledge beyond the scientific community. Schemes should be comprehensive and encompass a variety of products, eruptive styles and processes, including for example, lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, gas emissions and cinder cone or caldera formation. Open questions, processes and parameters that need to be addressed and better characterized in order to develop more comprehensive classification schemes and to advance our understanding of volcanic eruptions include conduit processes and dynamics, abrupt transitions in eruption regime, unsteadiness, eruption energy and energy balance.376 12