Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5926| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.authorall | Lomax, A.; ALS, Mouans Sartoux, France | en |
| dc.contributor.authorall | Michelini, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2010-02-24T10:22:59Z | en |
| dc.date.available | 2010-02-24T10:22:59Z | en |
| dc.date.issued | 2009-01 | en |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5926 | en |
| dc.description.abstract | We present a duration-amplitude procedure for rapid determination of a moment magnitude, Mwpd, for large earthquakes using P-wave recordings at teleseismic distances. Mwpd can be obtained within 20 minutes or less after the event origin time as the required data is currently available in near-real time. The procedure determines apparent source durations, T0, from high-frequency, P-wave records, and estimates moments through integration of broadband displacement waveforms over the interval tP to tP+T0, where tP is the P arrival time. We apply the duration-amplitude methodology to 79 recent, large earthquakes (Global Centroid- Moment Tensor magnitude, MwCMT, 6.6 to 9.3) with diverse source types. The results show that a scaling of the moment estimates for interplate thrust and possibly tsunami earthquakes is necessary to best match MwCMT. With this scaling, Mwpd matches MwCMT typically within ±0.2 magnitude units, with a standard deviation of σ=0.11, equaling or outperforming other approaches to rapid magnitude determination. Furthermore, Mwpd does not exhibit saturation; that is, for the largest events, Mwpd does not systematically underestimate MwCMT. The obtained durations and duration-amplitude moments allow rapid estimation of an energy-to-moment parameter Θ* used for identification of tsunami earthquakes. Our results show that Θ* ≤ -5.7 is an appropriate cutoff for this identification, but also show that neither Θ* nor Mw is a good indicator for tsunamigenic events in general. For these events we find that a reliable indicator is simply that the duration T0 is greater than about 50 sec. The explicit use of the source duration for integration of displacement seismograms, the moment scaling, and other characteristics of the duration-amplitude methodology make it an extension of the widely used, Mwp, rapid-magnitude procedure. The need for a moment scaling for interplate thrust and possibly tsunami earthquakes may have important implications for the source physics of these events. | en |
| dc.description.sponsorship | DPC-INGV (2007-2009) S3 Project | en |
| dc.language.iso | English | en |
| dc.publisher.name | Wiley | en |
| dc.relation.ispartof | Geophysical Journal International | en |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | /176(2009) | en |
| dc.subject | earthquakes, Richter magnitude, seismic moment, seismograms, tsunami, earthquakesource mechanism | en |
| dc.title | Mwpd: A Duration-Amplitude Procedure for Rapid Determination of Earthquake Magnitude and Tsunamigenic Potential from P Waveforms | en |
| dc.type | article | en |
| dc.description.status | Published | en |
| dc.type.QualityControl | Peer-reviewed | en |
| dc.description.pagenumber | 200-214 | en |
| dc.subject.INGV | 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics | en |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03974.x | en |
| dc.relation.references | Aki, K., and P. G. Richards, 1980. Quantitative Seismology: Theory and Practice, W. H. Freeman, New York, 948pp. Bassin, C., G. Laske, and G. Masters, 2000. The Current Limits of Resolution for Surface Wave Tomography in North America, Eos Trans. AGU, 81, 897. Boatwright, J., and G. L. Choy, 1986. Teleseismic estimates of the energy radiated by shallow earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2095-2112. Bormann, P. (ed.), 2002. IASPEI New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice (NMSOP), Volume 1 and 2, GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, 1250 pp. Bormann, P., and J. Saul, 2008. Earthquake magnitude, in Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science (ed. A. Meyers), Springer (in press). Bormann, P. and K. Wylegalla, 2005. Quick Estimator of the Size of Great Earthquakes, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(46), 464. Bormann, P., K. Wylegalla and J. Saul, 2006. Broadband body-wave magnitudes mB and mBc for quick reliable estimation of the size of great earthquakes, USGS Tsunami Sources Workshop 2006, poster, http://spring.msi.umn.edu/USGS/Posters/Bormann_etal_poster.pdf. Choy, G.L., and J.L. Boatwright, 1995. Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18205-18228. Coffin, M.F., Gahagan, LM., and Lawver, LA., 1998. Present-day Plate Boundary Digital Data Compilation. Univ. Texas Inst. Geophys. Tech. Rept. No. 174, 5 pp. Dziewonski, A.M. and D.L. Anderson, 1981. Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM), Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 25, 297-356. Dziewonski, A., T.A. Chou, and J. H. Woodhouse, 1981. Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2825-2852. Ekström, G., 1994. Rapid earthquake analysis utilizes the internet: Computers in Physics, 8, 632-638. Fuis, G.S., and L.A. Wald, 2003. Rupture in South-Central Alaska—The Denali Fault Earthquake of 2002, Fact Sheet 014-03, U.S.G.S. Granville, J.P., P.G. Richards, W-Y Kim, and L.R. Sykes, 2005. Understanding the Differences between Three Teleseismic mb Scales, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 95, 1809- 1824, doi: 10.1785/0120040159. Hanks, T., and H. Kanamori, 1979. A moment magnitude scale, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2348- 2350. Hara, T., 2007. Measurement of the duration of high-frequency energy radiation and its application to determination of the magnitudes of large shallow earthquakes, Earth Planets Space, 59, 227–231. Hayes, G.P., and D.J. Wald, 2008. Developing framework for constraining the geometry of the seismic rupture plane – a probabilistic approach, Seis. Res. Lett. , 79, 344-344. Hébert, H. and P.-J. Alasset, 2003. The tsunami triggered by the 21 May 2003 Algiers earthquake, CSEM-EMSC Newsletter, 20, 10-12. Heinrich, P., A. Piatanesi and H. Hebert, 2001. Numerical modelling of tsunami generation and propagation from submarine slumps: the 1998 Papua New Guinea event, Geophys. J. Int., 145, 97-111. Hirshorn, B., 2006. R.H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, presentation for PTWS-WG1, Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/PTWS), Melbourne, Australia. (http://ioc3.unesco.org/ptws) Lay, T., 2002. The Earth's Interior, in International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, (eds. W. H. K. Lee, H. Kanamori, P. C. Jennings, and C. Kisslinger), Academic Press, pp.829-860. Lockwood, O. G., and H. Kanamori, 2006. Wavelet analysis of the seismograms of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and its application to tsunami early warning, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q09013, doi:10.1029/2006GC001272. Lomax, A., 2005. Rapid estimation of rupture extent for large earthquakes: application to the 2004, M9 Sumatra-Andaman mega-thrust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L10314, doi:10.1029/2005GL022437. Lomax, A. and A. Michelini, 2005. Rapid Determination of Earthquake Size for Hazard Warning, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(21), 202. Lomax, A., A. Michelini and A. Piatanesi, 2007. An energy-duration procedure for rapid determination of earthquake magnitude and tsunamigenic potential, Geophys. J. Int., 170, 1195-1209, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03469.x Kanamori, H., 1972. Mechanism of tsunami earthquakes, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 6, 346–359. Kanamori, H. and L. Rivera, 2004. Static and Dynamic Scaling Relations for Earthquakes and Their Implications for Rupture Speed and Stress Drop, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 94, 314-319. Kawakatsu, H., 1995. Automated near-realtime CMT inversion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2569-2572. Kerr, R. A., 2005. Failure to gauge the quake crippled the warning effort, Science, 307, 201. Menke, W., V. Levin, 2005. A Strategy to Rapidly Determine the Magnitude of Great Earthquakes, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(19), 185, 10.1029/2005EO190002. Mooney, W., G. Laske, and G. Masters, 1998. Crust 5.1: a global crustal model at 5x5 degrees, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 727-747. NGDC, 2006. ETOPO2v2, 2-minute Gridded Global Relief Data, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center. NGDC, 2008. NOAA/WDC Historical Tsunami Database: Tsunami source event search, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/tsu_db.shtml Newman, A.V., and E.A. Okal, 1998. Teleseismic Estimates of Radiated Seismic Energy: The E/M0 Discriminant for Tsunami Earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (11), 26,885-98. Oglesby, D.D., Archuleta, R.J., and Nielsen, S.B., 2000. The Three-Dimensional Dynamics of Dipping Faults, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, 616–628. Okal, E.A., 2003. T Waves from the 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake and its Aftershocks: Timing the Tsunamigenic Slump, Pure App. Geophys., 160, 1843-1863. Okal, E. A., and J. Talandier, 1989. Mm: a variable period mantle magnitude, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 4169–4193. Polet, J. & Kanamori, H., 2000. Shallow subduction zone earthquakes and their tsunamigenic potential, Geophys. J. Int., 142, 684–782. PTWC, 2006a. Tsunami Bulletin Number 001, Issued at 0836Z 17 Jul 2006, Pacific Tsunami Warning Center/NOAA/NWS. PTWC, 2006b. Tsunami Bulletin Number 002, Issued at 1108Z 17 Jul 2006, Pacific Tsunami Warning Center/NOAA/NWS. Satake, K., 2002. Tsunamis, in International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, pp. 437–451, eds W.H.K. Lee, H. Kanamori, P.C. Jennings & C. Kisslinger, Academic Press, Amsterdam. Scholz, C.H., 1998. Earthquakes and friction laws, Nature, 391, 37–42. Scholz, C.H., 2002. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting, 471pp, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York. Shearer, P., 1999. Introduction to Seismology, 260 pp, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York. Sipkin, S.A., 1994. Rapid determination of global moment-tensor solutions Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1667-1670. Stein, S., and E.A. Okal, 2007. Ultralong Period Seismic Study of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Implications for Regional Tectonics and the Subduction Process, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 97, S279-S295; doi: 10.1785/0120050617. Tsai, V. C., M. Nettles, G. Ekström, and A. M. Dziewonski, 2005. Multiple CMT source analysis of the 2004 Sumatra earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17304, doi:10.1029/2005GL023813. Tsuboi, S., Application of Mwp to tsunami earthquake, 2000. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3105– 3108. Tsuboi, S., K. Abe, K. Takano, and Y. Yamanaka, 1995. Rapid determination of Mw from broadband P waveforms, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 85, 606-613. Tsuboi, S., P. M. Whitmore, and T. J. Sokolowski, 1999. Application of Mwp to deep and teleseismic earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 89, 1345-1351. UNESCO, 2005. International Coordination Meeting for the Development of a Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean within a Global Framework, IOC Workshop Report 196, 103 pp. Vassiliou, M. S., and H. Kanamori, 1982. The energy release in earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 72, 371–387. Weinstein, S.A., and E.A. Okal, 2005. The mantle wave magnitude Mm and the slowness parameter THETA: Five years of real-time use in the context of tsunami warning, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 95, 779-799. Whitmore, P.M., T.J. Sokolowski, S. Tsuboi, and B. Hirshom, 2002. Magnitude-dependent Correction for MWP, Science of Tsunami Hazards, 20 (4), 187-192. | en |
| dc.description.obiettivoSpecifico | 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti | en |
| dc.description.journalType | JCR Journal | en |
| dc.description.fulltext | open | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Lomax, A. | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Michelini, A. | en |
| dc.contributor.department | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione ONT, Roma, Italia | en |
| item.openairetype | article | - |
| item.cerifentitytype | Publications | - |
| item.languageiso639-1 | en | - |
| item.grantfulltext | open | - |
| item.openairecristype | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf | - |
| item.fulltext | With Fulltext | - |
| crisitem.author.dept | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione ONT, Roma, Italia | - |
| crisitem.author.orcid | 0000-0002-7747-5990 | - |
| crisitem.author.orcid | 0000-0001-6716-8551 | - |
| crisitem.author.parentorg | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia | - |
| crisitem.classification.parent | 04. Solid Earth | - |
| crisitem.department.parentorg | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia | - |
| Appears in Collections: | Article published / in press | |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration-Amplitude_v3.0_accepted.pdf | Main article | 1.62 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
WEB OF SCIENCETM
Citations
50
40
checked on Feb 10, 2021
Page view(s) 50
153
checked on Apr 24, 2024
Download(s) 20
336
checked on Apr 24, 2024
