Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/13459
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.date.accessioned | 2020-03-11T12:24:41Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-03-11T12:24:41Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2020-02-27 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2122/13459 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Volcanic activity occurring in tropical moist atmospheres can promote deep convection and trigger volcanic thunderstorms. These phenomena, however, are rarely observed to last continuously for more than a day and so insights into the dynamics, microphysics and electrification processes are limited. Here we present a multidisciplinary study on an extreme case, where volcanically-triggered deep convection lasted for six days. We show that this unprecedented event was caused and sustained by phreatomagmatic activity at Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia during 22-28 December 2018. Our modelling suggests an ice mass flow rate of ~5 × 106 kg/s for the initial explosive eruption associated with a flank collapse. Following the flank collapse, a deep convective cloud column formed over the volcano and acted as a 'volcanic freezer' containing ~3 × 109 kg of ice on average with maxima reaching ~1010 kg. Our satellite analyses reveal that the convective anvil cloud, reaching 16-18 km above sea level, was ice-rich and ash-poor. Cloud-top temperatures hovered around -80 °C and ice particles produced in the anvil were notably small (effective radii ~20 µm). Our analyses indicate that vigorous updrafts (>50 m/s) and prodigious ice production explain the impressive number of lightning flashes (~100,000) recorded near the volcano from 22 to 28 December 2018. Our results, together with the unique dataset we have compiled, show that lightning flash rates were strongly correlated (R = 0.77) with satellite-derived plume heights for this event. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartof | Scientific Reports | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | /10 (2020) | en_US |
dc.rights | CC0 1.0 Universal | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ | * |
dc.title | Anak Krakatau triggers volcanic freezer in the upper troposphere | en_US |
dc.type | article | en |
dc.description.status | Published | en_US |
dc.type.QualityControl | Peer-reviewed | en_US |
dc.description.pagenumber | in 3584 | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1038/s41598-020-60465-w | en_US |
dc.description.obiettivoSpecifico | 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi | en_US |
dc.description.journalType | JCR Journal | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Prata, A T | - |
dc.contributor.author | Folch, A. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Prata, A. J. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Biondi, R | - |
dc.contributor.author | Brenot, Hugues | - |
dc.contributor.author | Cimarelli, Corrado | - |
dc.contributor.author | Corradini, Stefano | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lapierre, J | - |
dc.contributor.author | Costa, Antonio | - |
dc.contributor.department | Barcelona Supercomputing Center | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Barcelona Supercomputing Center | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | AIRES Pty. Ltd | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Università degli Studi di Padova | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, German | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione ONT, Roma, Italia | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Earth Networks Inc. USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia | en_US |
item.openairetype | article | - |
item.cerifentitytype | Publications | - |
item.languageiso639-1 | en | - |
item.grantfulltext | open | - |
item.openairecristype | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf | - |
item.fulltext | With Fulltext | - |
crisitem.author.dept | Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain | - |
crisitem.author.dept | Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norway | - |
crisitem.author.dept | Università degli Studi di Padova | - |
crisitem.author.dept | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione ONT, Roma, Italia | - |
crisitem.author.dept | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia | - |
crisitem.author.orcid | 0000-0001-9115-1143 | - |
crisitem.author.orcid | 0000-0002-0677-6366 | - |
crisitem.author.orcid | 0000-0003-3062-0326 | - |
crisitem.author.orcid | 0000-0002-5812-0377 | - |
crisitem.author.orcid | 0000-0002-5707-5930 | - |
crisitem.author.orcid | 0000-0001-9432-3246 | - |
crisitem.author.orcid | 0000-0002-4987-6471 | - |
crisitem.author.parentorg | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia | - |
crisitem.author.parentorg | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia | - |
crisitem.department.parentorg | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia | - |
crisitem.department.parentorg | Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia | - |
Appears in Collections: | Article published / in press |
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File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Prata-et-al_Krakatau_Scientific-Reports_2020.pdf | 3.91 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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