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Authors: | Scotto, Carlo | Title: | Triple splitting and z-rays in polar ionograms | Journal: | Antarctic Science | Series/Report no.: | 4/27 (2015) | Issue Date: | 2015 | DOI: | 10.1017/S095410201400090X | Keywords: | ionosonde, ionosphere, radio propagation | Subject Classification: | 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation | Abstract: | The theory of propagation in a direction almost parallel to the Earth’s magnetic field is reviewed, calculating the group refractive index of the ordinary ray in the presence of electron-neutral collisions. An electron density profile is estimated from the ordinary trace and is used to compute the z-ray trace. It is shown that this reconstruction can help to identify the rare cases of z-rays from among the numerous cases of duplicate ordinary traces, due to reflection from two different directions. Received 13 June 2014, accepted 10 December 2014 |
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