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Zimmaro, Paolo
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Zimmaro, Paolo
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- PublicationRestrictedReconnaissance of 2016 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence(2018)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;The Central Italy earthquake sequence nominally began on 24 August 2016 with a M6.1 event on a normal fault that produced devastating effects in the town of Amatrice and several nearby villages and hamlets. A major international response was undertaken to record the effects of this disaster, including surface faulting, ground motions, landslides, and damage patterns to structures. This work targeted the development of high-value case histories useful to future research. Subsequent events in October 2016 exacerbated the damage in previously affected areas and caused damage to new areas in the north, particularly the relatively large town of Norcia. Additional reconnaissance after a M6.5 event on 30 October 2016 documented and mapped several large landslide features and increased damage states for structures in villages and hamlets throughout the region. This paper provides an overview of the reconnaissance activities undertaken to document and map these and other effects, and highlights valuable lessons learned regarding faulting and ground motions, engineering effects, and emergency response to this disaster.175 4 - PublicationOpen AccessActive Faulting in Source Region of 2016–2017 Central Italy Event Sequence(2018-09)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The Central Italy earthquake sequence produced three main shocks: M6.1 24 August, M5.9 26 October, and M6.5 30 October 2016. Additional M5–5.5 events struck this territory on 18 January 2017 in the Campotosto area. Fault plane solutions for the main shocks exhibit normal faulting (characteristic of crustal extension occurring in the inner central Apennines). Significant evidence, including hypocenter locations, strike and dip angles of the moment tensors, inverted finite fault models (using GPS, interferometric aperture radar, and ground motion data), and surface rupture patterns, all point to the earthquakes having been generated on the Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove fault system (all three main shocks) and on the Amatrice fault, in the northern sector of the Laga Mountains (portion of 24 August event). The earthquake sequence provides examples of both synthetic and antithetic ruptures on a single fault system (30 October event) and rupture between two faults (24 August event). We describe active faults in the region and their segmentation and present understanding of the potential for linkages between segments (or faults) in the generation of large earthquakes.240 54 - PublicationOpen AccessPeculiar characteristics of ground motions in Southern Italy: Insights from global and regional ground motion modelsWe investigate peculiar characteristics of ground motions in Southern Italy (e.g. apparent fast anelastic attenuation and trends of event terms at different periods) using a comprehensive dataset of earthquake recordings between 1969 and 2020. By doing so, we gained insights into the relative performance of eight selected region-specific, global, and global with regional adjustment ground motion models (GMMs). Our analysis is performed using a preliminary dataset (i.e. including all ground motions recorded in the area for the selected analysis period) and an independent dataset (i.e. comprising data not used to develop the models). We analyze total residuals, event terms, within-even residuals, and residuals standardized by model standard deviations (i.e. epsilon). The latter is performed to obtain a robust comparison of GMMs with different standard deviation types and levels. These approaches are employed to ground motion characterization studies for the first time in this region. Our results show that in Southern Italy, there is an apparent anelastic attenuation of the ground motion faster than in other seismic districts. Overall, regional models capture this feature better than global models. Regional adjustments to global models better capture the observed anelastic attenuation at large distances. Using the standardized residuals analysis, we observe that all selected GMMs systematically underestimate the observed ground motion for relatively high ground motion levels and its variability at any intensity levels in the study region. These outcomes may help improving future ground motion models and related engineering applications involving such models in performance-based frameworks.
103 11 - PublicationRestrictedSurface Faulting Caused by the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence: Field Mapping and LiDAR/UAV Imaging(2018)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;The three mainshock events (M6.1 24 August, M5.9 26 October, and M6.5 30 October 2016) in the Central Italy earthquake sequence produced surface ruptures on known segments of the Mt. Vettore-Mt. Bove normal fault system. As a result, teams from Italian national research institutions and universities, working collaboratively with the U.S. Geothechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance Association (GEER), were mobilized to collect perishable data. Our reconnaissance approach included field mapping and advanced imaging technique, both directed towards documenting the location and extent of surface rupture on the main fault exposure and secondary features. Mapping activity occurred after each mainshock (with different levels of detail at different times), which provides data on the progression of locations and amounts of slip between events. Along the full length of the Mt. Vettore-Mt. Bove fault system, vertical offsets ranged from 0-35 cm and 70-200 cm for the 24 August and 30 October events, respectively. Comparisons between observed surface rupture displacements and available empirical models show that the three events fit within expected ranges.218 14