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Inguaggiato, Salvatore
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Inguaggiato, Salvatore
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salvatore.inguaggiato@ingv.it
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- PublicationRestrictedH2S fluxes from Mt. Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano (Italy) and implications for the sulfur budget at volcanoes(2005)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Aiuppa, A.; Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed applicazioni, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy ;Inguaggiato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;McGonigle, A. J. S.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ;O'Dwyer, M.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK ;Oppenheimer, C.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ;Padgett, M. J.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK ;Rouwet, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Valenza, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; ; ;; ; We present here new measurements of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide emissions from Vulcano, Etna, and Stromboli (Italy), made by direct sampling at vents and by filter pack and ultraviolet spectroscopy in downwind plumes. Measurements at the F0 and FA fumaroles on Vulcano yielded SO2/H2S molar ratios of 0.38 and 1.4, respectively, from which we estimate an H2S flux of 6 to 9 for the summit crater. For Mt. Etna and Stromboli, we found SO2/H2S molar ratios of 20 and 15, respectively, which combined with SO2 flux measurements, suggest H2S emission rates of 50 to 113 and 4 to 8, respectively. We observe that source and plume SO2/H2S ratios at Vulcano are similar, suggesting that hydrogen sulfide is essentially inert on timescales of seconds to minutes. This finding has important implications for estimates of volcanic total sulfur budget at volcanoes since most existing measurements do not account for H2S emission.403 94 - PublicationRestrictedMajor and trace element geochemistry of neutral and acidic thermal springs at El Chichón volcano, Mexico Implications for monitoring of the volcanic activity(2008-07-07)
; ; ; ; ;Taran, Y.; Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, México DF, Mexico ;Rouwet, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Inguaggiato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Aiuppa, A.; University of Palermo, Italy; ; ; Four groups of thermal springs with temperatures from 50 to 80 °C are located on the S–SW–W slopes of El Chichón volcano, a composite dome-tephra edifice, which exploded in 1982 with a 1 km wide, 160 m deep crater left. Very dynamic thermal activity inside the crater (variations in chemistry and migration of pools and fumaroles, drastic changes in the crater lake volume and chemistry) contrasts with the stable behavior of the flank hot springs during the time of observations (1974–2005). All known groups of hot springs are located on the contact of the basement and volcanic edifice, and only on the W–SW–S slopes of the volcano at almost same elevations 600–650 m asl and less than 3 km of direct distance from the crater. Three groups of near-neutral (pH≈6) springs at SW–S slopes have the total thermal water outflow rate higher than 300 l/s and are similar in composition. The fourth and farthest group on the western slope discharges acidic (pH≈2) saline (10 g/kg of Cl) water with a much lower outflow rate (b10 l/s). Water–rock interaction modeling of main types of the El Chichón thermal waters using regular log Q/K graphs (saturation indices vs temperature) showed maximum equilibrium temperature slightly higher than 200 °C. Acidic waters are equilibrated with some clay minerals at about 120 °C. Three main sources of the salinity of thermal water are suggested on the basis of mixing plots and isotopic data: a magmatic source for CO2, boron, sulfur and a limited part of Cl; volcanic rock source for the major cations and trace elements; the oil-bearing evaporitic basement source (oil-field brine?) for NaCl, Br, a part of Ca and some trace elements. All flank thermal springs end up in the river Rio Magdalena that has a variable seasonal flow rates from 4 to 20 m3/s. Any changes in the chemistry of springs must notably change the composition of the streams draining hot springs and eventually, Rio Magdalena. A monthly geochemical monitoring of Rio Magdalena and streams draining main hot springs would be a useful tool for surveying the activity of the volcano.186 28 - PublicationRestrictedThe Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex and the connected Lusi system: Geochemical evidences(2018)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; For the first time we present the geochemical characterization of fluids emitted from the Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex and compare the results with those obtained sampling the neighboring spectacular Lusi eruption site (Java Island, Indonesia). The isotopic composition of the hydrothermal and cold waters from the Welirang volcanic complex indicate a meteoric origin for these springs, with values ranging from −65 to −50 and −6 to −1‰ vs V-SMOW respectively for δD and δ18O. The water erupted from the Lusi site showed clustered higher δD and δ18O isotopic values, ranging around −6 and +10 vs V-SMOW respectively. We ascribe these results to mixing between hydrothermal fluids, meteoric water, saline formation fluids, and water released during clay mineral illitization ultimately altered by additional evaporation processes. The chemical and isotopic composition of fluids emitted from fumaroles and hydrothermal springs of the Welirang volcano showed a clear magmatic signature where a CO2-dominated gas reveals δ13CCO2 ranging between −5.9 and −2.4 and helium isotope with R/Ra = 7.3. These values are very close to those measured at Lusi site (R/Ra = 7) that also have high CO2/CH4 ratio (1.7–2.2) supporting the high contribution of magmatic gases. Moreover, a great contribution of andesitic water has been recognized in the water vapour emitted from the summit fumaroles. Converging geochemical data indicate that the plumbing system of the Lusi eruption site is connected at depth with the Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex. These data support a scenario where hydrothermal fluids from the volcanic system migrated in the sedimentary basin triggering metamorphic reactions in the organic-rich sediments that ultimately resulted in a venting system at the surface. After eleven years of incessant activity this venting system remains constantly fed by the fluids from the volcanic complex and became world known as “Lusi”, the largest ongoing clastic geysering system on Earth.392 6 - PublicationOpen AccessPreliminary estimate of CO2 budget discharged from Vulcano island(2008-08-18)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Inguaggiato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Mazot, A.; Instituto de Geofisica, UNAM, Mexico ;Diliberto, I. S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Rowet, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Vita, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Capasso, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Bobrowski, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Inguaggiato, C.; Universita' degli studi, Palermo ;Grassa, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Total CO2 output from fumaroles, soil gases, bubbling and water dissolved gases were estimated at Vulcano Island, Italy. The fumaroles output has been estimated from SO2 plume flux, while soil flux emission has been carried out through 730 CO2 fluxes measured on the island surface, performed by means of accumulation chamber method. Vulcano Island, located in the Aeolian Archipelago, is an active volcano that has been in state of solphataric activity, since the last eruption (1888-1890). At present, the main exhalative activity is in the northern part of the island, it is revealed by a wide fumaroles field, on the active edifice of “La Fossa” crater, (100°C163 94 - PublicationOpen AccessVapour discharges on Nevado del Ruiz during the recent activity: Clues on the composition of the deep hydrothermal system and its effects on thermal springs(2017-04-08)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The Nevado del Ruiz volcano is considered one of the most active volcanoes in Colombia, which can potentially threaten approximately 600,000 inhabitants. The existence of a glacier and several streams channelling in some main rivers, flowing downslope, increases the risk for the population living on the flank of the volcano in case of unrest, because of the generation of lahars and mudflows. Indeed, during the November 1985 subplinian eruption, a lahar generated by the sudden melting of the glacier killed twenty thousand people in the town of Armero. Moreover, the involvement of the local hydrothermal system has produced in the past phreatic and phreatomagmatic activity, as occurred in 1989. Therefore, the physico-chemical conditions of the hydrothermal system as well as its contribution to the shallow thermal groundwater and freshwater in terms of enthalpy and chemicals require a close monitoring. The phase of unrest occurred since 2010 and culminated with an eruption in 2012, after several years of relative stability, stillmaintains amoderate alert, as required by the high seismicity and SO2 degassing. In October 2013, a sampling campaign has been performed on thermal springs and stream water, located at 2600–5000 m of elevation on the slope of Nevado del Ruiz, analyzed for water chemistry and stable isotopes. Some of these waters are typically steam-heated (low pH and high sulfate content) by the vapour probably separating from a zoned hydrothermal system. By applying a model of steam-heating, based on mass and enthalpy balances, we have estimated themass rate of hydrothermal steam discharging in the different springs. The composition of the hottest thermal spring (Botero Londono) is probably representative of a marginal part of the hydrothermal system, having a temperature of 250 °C and low salinity (Cl ~1500 mg/l), which suggest, along with the retrieved isotope composition, a chiefly meteoric origin. The vapour discharged at the steam vent “Nereidas” (3600 m asl) is hypothesized to be separated from a high temperature hydrothermal system. Based on its composition and on literature data on fluid inclusions, we have retrieved the P-T-X conditions of the deep hydrothermal system, aswell as its pH and fO2. The vapour feeding Nereidas would separate from a biphasic hydrothermal system characterized by the following parameters: t= 315 °C, P= 15 MPa, NaCl = 10 wt%, CO2=5 wt%, and similar proportion between liquid and vapour. Considering also the equilibria involving S-bearing gases and HCl, pH would approach the value of 1.5 while fO2 would correspond to the FeO-Fe2O3 buffer. Chlorine content is estimated at 10,300mg/l. Changes in the magmatic input into the hydrothermal system couldmodify its degree of vapourization and/or P-T-X conditions, thus inducing corresponding variations in vapour discharges and thermal waters. These findings, paralleled by contemporary measurements of water flow rates, could give significant clues on risk evaluation.227 45 - PublicationOpen AccessNitrogen Isotopes in Volcanic Fluids of Different Geodynamic Settings(2009-06-21)
; ; ; ; ; ;Inguaggiato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Taran, Y.; Instituto de Geofisica UNAM Coyacan Mexico D.F.04510 Mexico ;Fridriksson, T.; Iceland GeoSurvey grensasvegur 9, 108 Reykjavik ;Melian, G.; ITER, 38611, Granadilla, S/C de Tenerife, Spain ;D'Alessandro, W.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; ; Nitrogen isotopes , N2/36Ar and 3He/4He were measured in volcanic fluids within different geodynamic settings. Subduction zones are represented by Aeolian archipelago, Mexican volcanic belt and Hellenic arc, spreading zones – by Socorro island in Mexico and Iceland and hot spots by Iceland and Islands of Cabo Verde. The δ15N values, corrected for air contamination of volcanic fluids, discharged from Vulcano Island (Italy), highlighted the presence of heavy nitrogen (around +4.3 ±0.5‰). Similar 15N values (around +5‰), have been measured for the fluids collected in the Jalisco Block, that is a geologically and tectonically complex forearc zone of the northwestern Mexico [1]. Positive values (15N around +3‰) have been also measured in the volcanic fluids discharged from Nysiros island located in the Ellenic Arc characterized by subduction processes. All uncorrected data for the Socorro island are in the range of -1 to -2‰. The results of raw nitrogen isotope data of Iceland samples reveal more negative isotope composition (about -4.4‰). On the basis of the non-atmospheric N2 fraction (around 50%) the corrected data of 15N for Iceland are around -16‰, very close to the values proposed by [2]. In a volcanic gas sample from Fogo volcano (Cabo Verde islands) we found a very negative value: -9.9‰ and -15‰ for raw and corrected values, respectively.212 86 - PublicationRestrictedSpring water and CO2 interaction at Popocatépetl volcano, Mexico(2002)
; ; ; ; ; ;Martin-Del Pozzo, A.L.; Instituto de Geofisica UNAM, México D.F., México ;Inguaggiato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Aceves, F.; Instituto de Geofisica UNAM, México D.F., México ;Saenz, H.; Instituto de Geofisica UNAM, México D.F., México ;Aguayo, A.; Instituto de Geofisica UNAM, México D.F., México; ; ; ; Six years of monitoring HCO3- and pH at selected springs at Popocatepetl during the present eruptive period are presented. Small peaks in HCO3- concentration and PCO2 in springs are associated with small magmatic pulses at Popocatépetl volcano. The magma provides CO2-rich fluids into the water system controlled by meteoric recharge. The PCO2 in equilibrium with the springs is two to four orders of magnitude higher than air-saturated water. The high partial pressure of CO2 also suggests a direct interaction with the magmatic fluids. The isotopic signature of carbon as well, supports a magmatic origin for dissolved CO2.154 21 - PublicationRestrictedVolatiles and energy released by Puracé volcanoTotal CO2 output of Puracé volcano (Colombia) was estimated on the basis of fluids discharged by fumaroles, soil gases, and dissolved carbon species in the aquifer. The soil CO2 emission was computed from a field survey of 512 points of CO2 soil flux measurements at the main degassing areas of Puracé volcano. The CO2 flux from Puracé’s plume was estimated using an indirect method, that used the SO2 plume flux and CO2/SO2 ratio of the main high temperature fumarole. The total output of CO2 was estimated at ≅ 1500 t/ day. The main contribution of CO2 comes from the plume (summit degassing) and from soil degassing that emit 673 and 812 t/day, respectively. The contributions of summit and soil degassing areas are comparable, indicating an intermediate degassing style partitioned between closed and open conduit systems. The estimated water vapor discharge (as derived from the chemical composition of the fumaroles, the H2O/ CO2 ratio, and the SO2 plume flux) allowed calculation of the total thermal energy (fumarolic, soil degassing, and aquifer) released
87 3 - PublicationOpen AccessTotal CO2 output from Ischia Island volcano (Italy)(2005)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Pecoraino, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Brusca, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;D'Alessandro, W.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Inguaggiato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Longo, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; ; ; The total amount of CO2 released at Ischia Island has been estimated from soil gas flux measurements and from chemical composition of the gases released by fumaroles or dissolved in groundwaters. The preliminary results indicate an overall CO2 output of about 15 kg s–1 from the entire island (46 km2). The main contribution to the total output from diffuse soil degassing is about 14.8 kg s–1, followed by dissolved CO2 of about 0.3 kg s–1. The contribution of fumaroles to the total output was found to be negligible (about 0.03 kg s–1). Ischia’s output, although being considerably less than that of open conduit volcanoes, is higher than many other volcanic systems, especially those related to volcanic arcs. The recent tensile tectonic regime of the area allows probably an easier upflow of CO2 from the mantle sustaining the diffuse degassing of the island.363 437 - PublicationRestrictedGeochemical evidence of the renewal of volcanic activity inferred from CO2 soil and SO2 plume fluxes: the 2007 Stromboli eruption (Italy)(2011-05-17)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Inguaggiato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Vita, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Rouwet, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Bobrowski, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Morici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Sollami, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; ; ; On 27 February 2007, a new eruption occurred on Stromboli which lasted until 2 April. It was characterized by effusive activity on the Sciara del Fuoco and by a paroxysmal event (15 March). This crisis represented an opportunity for us to refine the model that had been developed previously (2002–2003 eruption) and to improve our understanding of the relationship between the magmatic dynamics of the volcano and the geochemical variations in the fluids. In particular, the evaluation of the dynamic equilibrium between the volatiles (CO2 and SO2) released from the magma and the corresponding fluids discharged from the summit area allowed us to evaluate the level of criticality of the volcanic activity. One of the major accomplishments of this study is a 4-year database of summit soil CO2 flux on the basis of which we define the thresholds (low–medium–high) for this parameter that are empirically based on the natural volcanological evolution of Stromboli. The SO2 fluxes of the degassing plume and the CO2 fluxes emitted from the soil at Pizzo Sopra la Fossa are also presented. It is noteworthy that geochemical signals of volcanic unrest have been clearly identified before, during and after the effusive activity. These signals were found almost simultaneously in the degassing plume (SO2 flux) and in soil degassing (CO2 flux) at the summit, although the two degassing processes are shown to be clearly different. The interpretation of the results will be useful for future volcanic surveillance at Stromboli.389 50