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Geochemical evidence of the renewal of volcanic activity inferred from CO2 soil and SO2 plume fluxes: the 2007 Stromboli eruption (Italy)
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/73(2011)
Publisher
Springer
Pages (printed)
443-456
Issued date
May 17, 2011
Abstract
On 27 February 2007, a new eruption occurred on
Stromboli which lasted until 2 April. It was characterized by
effusive activity on the Sciara del Fuoco and by a paroxysmal
event (15 March). This crisis represented an opportunity for us
to refine the model that had been developed previously
(2002–2003 eruption) and to improve our understanding of
the relationship between the magmatic dynamics of the
volcano and the geochemical variations in the fluids. In
particular, the evaluation of the dynamic equilibrium between
the volatiles (CO2 and SO2) released from the magma and
the corresponding fluids discharged from the summit area
allowed us to evaluate the level of criticality of the volcanic
activity. One of the major accomplishments of this study is a
4-year database of summit soil CO2 flux on the basis of
which we define the thresholds (low–medium–high) for this
parameter that are empirically based on the natural volcanological
evolution of Stromboli. The SO2 fluxes of the
degassing plume and the CO2 fluxes emitted from the soil
at Pizzo Sopra la Fossa are also presented. It is noteworthy
that geochemical signals of volcanic unrest have been clearly
identified before, during and after the effusive activity. These
signals were found almost simultaneously in the degassing
plume (SO2 flux) and in soil degassing (CO2 flux) at the
summit, although the two degassing processes are shown to
be clearly different. The interpretation of the results will be
useful for future volcanic surveillance at Stromboli.
Stromboli which lasted until 2 April. It was characterized by
effusive activity on the Sciara del Fuoco and by a paroxysmal
event (15 March). This crisis represented an opportunity for us
to refine the model that had been developed previously
(2002–2003 eruption) and to improve our understanding of
the relationship between the magmatic dynamics of the
volcano and the geochemical variations in the fluids. In
particular, the evaluation of the dynamic equilibrium between
the volatiles (CO2 and SO2) released from the magma and
the corresponding fluids discharged from the summit area
allowed us to evaluate the level of criticality of the volcanic
activity. One of the major accomplishments of this study is a
4-year database of summit soil CO2 flux on the basis of
which we define the thresholds (low–medium–high) for this
parameter that are empirically based on the natural volcanological
evolution of Stromboli. The SO2 fluxes of the
degassing plume and the CO2 fluxes emitted from the soil
at Pizzo Sopra la Fossa are also presented. It is noteworthy
that geochemical signals of volcanic unrest have been clearly
identified before, during and after the effusive activity. These
signals were found almost simultaneously in the degassing
plume (SO2 flux) and in soil degassing (CO2 flux) at the
summit, although the two degassing processes are shown to
be clearly different. The interpretation of the results will be
useful for future volcanic surveillance at Stromboli.
References
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the 5th April 2003 paroxysm on Stromboli. Geophys Res Lett 31:
L14607. doi:10.1029/2004GL020458
Aiuppa A, Burton M, Muré F, Inguaggiato S (2004) Intercomparison
of volcanic gas monitoring methodologies performed on Vulcano
Island, Italy. Geophys Res Lett 31:L02610. doi:10.1029/
2003GL018651
Aiuppa A, Inguaggiato S, McGonigle AJS, O’Dwyer M, Oppenheimer
C, Padgett MJ, Rouwet D, Valenza M (2005) H2S fluxes from Mt.
Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano (Italy) and implications for the sulfur
budget at volcanoes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:1861–1871
Aiuppa A, Federico C, Giudice G, Giuffrida G, Guida R, Gurrieri S,
Liuzzo M, Moretti M, Papale P (2009) The 2007 eruption of
Stromboli volcano: insights from real-time measurement of the
volcanic gas plume CO2/SO2 ratio. J Volcanol Geotherm Res
182:221–230
Allard P (1983) The origin of hydrogen, carbon, sulphur, nitrogen and
rare gases in volcanic exhalations: evidence from isotope
geochemistry. In: Tazieff H, Sabroux JC (eds) Forecasting
volcanic events. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 337–386
Allard P, Carbonnelle J, Métrich N, Loyer H, Zettwoog P (1994)
Sulphur output and magma degassing budget of Stromboli
volcano. Nature 368:326–330
Allard P, Burton M, Muré F (2005) Spectroscopic evidence for a lava
fountain driven by previously accumulated magmatic gas. Nature
433:407–410
Allard P, Aiuppa A, Burton M, Caltabiano T, Federico C, Salerno G,
La Spina A (2008) Crater gas emissions and the magma feeding
system of Stromboli Volcano. In: Calvari S, Inguaggiato S,
Puglisi G, Ripepe M, Rosi M (eds) The Stromboli volcano: an
integrated study of the 2002–2003 eruption. Am Geophys Union
Geophys Mon 182:65–80
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Stromboli based on review of historical data. Acta Vulcanol
3:173–187
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(Aeolian Archipelago, Italy): an open window on the deepfeeding
system of a steady state basaltic volcano. J Geophys Res
108:2236. doi:10.1029/2002JB002146
Bertagnini A, Métrich N, Francalanci L, Landi P, Tommasini S,
Conticelli S (2008) Volcanology and magma geochemistry of
the present day activity: constraints on the feeding system.
In: Calvari S, Inguaggiato S, Puglisi G, Ripepe M, Rosi M
(eds) The Stromboli volcano: an integrated study of the
2002–2003 eruption. Am Geophys Union Geophys Mon
182:19–37
Bonaccorso A, Gambino S, Guglielmino F, Mattia M, Puglisi G,
Boschi E (2008) Stromboli 2007 eruption: deflation modeling to
infer shallow–intermediate plumbing system A. Geophys Res
Lett 35:L06311. doi:10.1029/2007GL032921
Bruno N, Caltabiano T, Romano R (1999) SO2 emissions at Mt. Etna
with particular reference to the period 1993–1995. Bull Volcanol
60:405–411
Brusca L, Inguaggiato S, Longo M, Madonia P, Maugeri R (2004) The
2002–2003 eruption of Stromboli (Italy): evaluation of the
volcanic activity by means of continuous monitoring of soil
temperature, CO2 flux, and meteorological parameters. Geochem
Geophys Geosyst 5:Q12001. doi:10.1029/2004GC000732
Burton M, Allard P, La Spina A, Muré F (2007a) Magmatic gas
composition reveals the source depth of slug-driven Strombolian
explosive activity. Science 317:227–230. doi:10.1126/
science.1141900
Burton MR, Mader HM, Polacci M (2007b) The role of gas
percolation in quiescent degassing of persistently active basaltic
volcanoes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 264:46–59
Calvari S, Spampinato L, Lodato L, Harris AJL, Patrick MR, Dehn J,
Burton MR, Andronico D (2005) Chronology and complex
volcanic processes during the 2002–2003 flank eruption at
Stromboli volcano (Italy) reconstructed from direct observations
and surveys with a handheld thermal camera. J Geophys Res 110:
B02201. doi:1029/2004JB003129
Capasso G, Inguaggiato S (1998) A simple method for the
determination of dissolved gases in natural waters: an application
to thermal waters from Vulcano island. Appl Geochem 13:631–
642
Capasso G, Favara R, Inguaggiato S (1997) Chemical features and
isotopic composition of gaseous manifestations on Vulcano
Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy): an interpretative model of fluid
circulation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:3425–3440
Capasso G, Carapezza ML, Federico C, Inguaggiato S, Rizzo A
(2005) Geochemical monitoring of the 2002–2003 eruption at
Stromboli volcano (Italy): precursory changes in the carbon and
helium isotopic composition of fumarole gases and thermal
waters. Bull Volcanol 68:118–134
Carapezza ML, Federico C (2000) The contribution of fluid
geochemistry to the volcano monitoring of Stromboli. J Volcanol
Geotherm Res 95:227–245
Carapezza ML, Inguaggiato S, Brusca L, Longo M (2004) Geochemical
precursors of the activity of an open-conduit volcano: the
Stromboli 2002–2003 eruptive events. Geophys Res Lett 31:
L07620. doi:10.1029/2004GL019614
Cardellini C, Chiodini G, Frondini F (2003) Application of stochastic
simulation to CO2 flux from soil: mapping and quantification of
gas release. J Geophys Res 108:2425. doi:10.1029/2002JB002165
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the Fossa crater, Vulcano Island (Italy). Bull Volcanol 58:41–50
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measurements in volcanic and geothermal areas. Appl Geochem
13:543–552
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Carbon dioxide diffuse degassing and estimation of heat release
from volcanic and hydrothermal systems. J Geophys Res 110:
B08204. doi:10.1029/2004JB003542
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the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies, based on
geochemical data. Earth Planet Sci Lett 186:159–173
Edmonds M, Herd RA, Galle B, Oppenheimer CM (2003) Automated,
high time-resolution measurements of SO2 flux at Soufrière Hills
Volcano, Montserrat. Bull Volcanol 65:578–586
Favara R, Giammanco S, Inguaggiato S, Pecoraino G (2001)
Preliminary estimate of CO2 output from Pantelleria Island
volcano (Sicily, Italy): evidence of active mantle degassing. Appl
Geochem 16:883–894
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Rizzo A, Rouwet D (2008) Geochemical prediction of the 2002–
2003 Stromboli eruption from variations in CO2 and Rn
emissions and in helium and carbon isotopes. In: Calvari S,
Inguaggiato S, Puglisi G, Ripepe M, Rosi M (eds) The Stromboli
volcano: an integrated study of the 2002–2003 eruption. Am
Geophys Union Geophys Mon 182:117–128
Finizola A, Sortino F, Lénat JF, Valenza M (2002) Fluid circulation at
Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) from self-potential and
CO2 surveys. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 116:1–18
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(2003) The summit hydrothermal system of Stromboli. New
insights from self-potential, temperature, CO2 and fumarolic fluid
measurements, with structural and monitoring implications. Bull
Volcanol 65:486–504
Galle B, Oppenheimer C, Geyer A, McGonigle AJS, Edmonds M,
Horrocks LA (2003) A miniaturised ultraviolet spectrometer for
remote sensing of SO2 fluxes: a new tool for volcano
surveillance. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 119:241–254
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the oxygen fugacity of Kilauea basalt. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta 57:795–814
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volcanic gases. Am J Sci 275:377–394
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L14607. doi:10.1029/2004GL020458
Aiuppa A, Burton M, Muré F, Inguaggiato S (2004) Intercomparison
of volcanic gas monitoring methodologies performed on Vulcano
Island, Italy. Geophys Res Lett 31:L02610. doi:10.1029/
2003GL018651
Aiuppa A, Inguaggiato S, McGonigle AJS, O’Dwyer M, Oppenheimer
C, Padgett MJ, Rouwet D, Valenza M (2005) H2S fluxes from Mt.
Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano (Italy) and implications for the sulfur
budget at volcanoes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:1861–1871
Aiuppa A, Federico C, Giudice G, Giuffrida G, Guida R, Gurrieri S,
Liuzzo M, Moretti M, Papale P (2009) The 2007 eruption of
Stromboli volcano: insights from real-time measurement of the
volcanic gas plume CO2/SO2 ratio. J Volcanol Geotherm Res
182:221–230
Allard P (1983) The origin of hydrogen, carbon, sulphur, nitrogen and
rare gases in volcanic exhalations: evidence from isotope
geochemistry. In: Tazieff H, Sabroux JC (eds) Forecasting
volcanic events. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 337–386
Allard P, Carbonnelle J, Métrich N, Loyer H, Zettwoog P (1994)
Sulphur output and magma degassing budget of Stromboli
volcano. Nature 368:326–330
Allard P, Burton M, Muré F (2005) Spectroscopic evidence for a lava
fountain driven by previously accumulated magmatic gas. Nature
433:407–410
Allard P, Aiuppa A, Burton M, Caltabiano T, Federico C, Salerno G,
La Spina A (2008) Crater gas emissions and the magma feeding
system of Stromboli Volcano. In: Calvari S, Inguaggiato S,
Puglisi G, Ripepe M, Rosi M (eds) The Stromboli volcano: an
integrated study of the 2002–2003 eruption. Am Geophys Union
Geophys Mon 182:65–80
Bull Volcanol
Barberi F, Rosi M (2007) The chronology of the 2007 Stromboli
eruption and the activity of the scientific synthesis group. In:
Proceedings of the XXIV IUGG General Assembly, Perugia,
Italy
Barberi F, Rosi M, Sodi A (1993) Volcanic hazard assessment at
Stromboli based on review of historical data. Acta Vulcanol
3:173–187
Bertagnini A, Métrich N, Landi P, Rosi M (2003) Stromboli volcano
(Aeolian Archipelago, Italy): an open window on the deepfeeding
system of a steady state basaltic volcano. J Geophys Res
108:2236. doi:10.1029/2002JB002146
Bertagnini A, Métrich N, Francalanci L, Landi P, Tommasini S,
Conticelli S (2008) Volcanology and magma geochemistry of
the present day activity: constraints on the feeding system.
In: Calvari S, Inguaggiato S, Puglisi G, Ripepe M, Rosi M
(eds) The Stromboli volcano: an integrated study of the
2002–2003 eruption. Am Geophys Union Geophys Mon
182:19–37
Bonaccorso A, Gambino S, Guglielmino F, Mattia M, Puglisi G,
Boschi E (2008) Stromboli 2007 eruption: deflation modeling to
infer shallow–intermediate plumbing system A. Geophys Res
Lett 35:L06311. doi:10.1029/2007GL032921
Bruno N, Caltabiano T, Romano R (1999) SO2 emissions at Mt. Etna
with particular reference to the period 1993–1995. Bull Volcanol
60:405–411
Brusca L, Inguaggiato S, Longo M, Madonia P, Maugeri R (2004) The
2002–2003 eruption of Stromboli (Italy): evaluation of the
volcanic activity by means of continuous monitoring of soil
temperature, CO2 flux, and meteorological parameters. Geochem
Geophys Geosyst 5:Q12001. doi:10.1029/2004GC000732
Burton M, Allard P, La Spina A, Muré F (2007a) Magmatic gas
composition reveals the source depth of slug-driven Strombolian
explosive activity. Science 317:227–230. doi:10.1126/
science.1141900
Burton MR, Mader HM, Polacci M (2007b) The role of gas
percolation in quiescent degassing of persistently active basaltic
volcanoes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 264:46–59
Calvari S, Spampinato L, Lodato L, Harris AJL, Patrick MR, Dehn J,
Burton MR, Andronico D (2005) Chronology and complex
volcanic processes during the 2002–2003 flank eruption at
Stromboli volcano (Italy) reconstructed from direct observations
and surveys with a handheld thermal camera. J Geophys Res 110:
B02201. doi:1029/2004JB003129
Capasso G, Inguaggiato S (1998) A simple method for the
determination of dissolved gases in natural waters: an application
to thermal waters from Vulcano island. Appl Geochem 13:631–
642
Capasso G, Favara R, Inguaggiato S (1997) Chemical features and
isotopic composition of gaseous manifestations on Vulcano
Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy): an interpretative model of fluid
circulation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:3425–3440
Capasso G, Carapezza ML, Federico C, Inguaggiato S, Rizzo A
(2005) Geochemical monitoring of the 2002–2003 eruption at
Stromboli volcano (Italy): precursory changes in the carbon and
helium isotopic composition of fumarole gases and thermal
waters. Bull Volcanol 68:118–134
Carapezza ML, Federico C (2000) The contribution of fluid
geochemistry to the volcano monitoring of Stromboli. J Volcanol
Geotherm Res 95:227–245
Carapezza ML, Inguaggiato S, Brusca L, Longo M (2004) Geochemical
precursors of the activity of an open-conduit volcano: the
Stromboli 2002–2003 eruptive events. Geophys Res Lett 31:
L07620. doi:10.1029/2004GL019614
Cardellini C, Chiodini G, Frondini F (2003) Application of stochastic
simulation to CO2 flux from soil: mapping and quantification of
gas release. J Geophys Res 108:2425. doi:10.1029/2002JB002165
Chiodini G, Frondini F, Raco B (1996) Diffuse emission of CO2 from
the Fossa crater, Vulcano Island (Italy). Bull Volcanol 58:41–50
Chiodini G, Cioni R, Guidi M, Raco B, Marini L (1998) Soil CO2 flux
measurements in volcanic and geothermal areas. Appl Geochem
13:543–552
Chiodini G, Granieri D, Avino R, Caliro S, Costa A, Werner C (2005)
Carbon dioxide diffuse degassing and estimation of heat release
from volcanic and hydrothermal systems. J Geophys Res 110:
B08204. doi:10.1029/2004JB003542
Edmonds M, Pyle D, Oppenheimer C (2001) A model for degassing at
the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies, based on
geochemical data. Earth Planet Sci Lett 186:159–173
Edmonds M, Herd RA, Galle B, Oppenheimer CM (2003) Automated,
high time-resolution measurements of SO2 flux at Soufrière Hills
Volcano, Montserrat. Bull Volcanol 65:578–586
Favara R, Giammanco S, Inguaggiato S, Pecoraino G (2001)
Preliminary estimate of CO2 output from Pantelleria Island
volcano (Sicily, Italy): evidence of active mantle degassing. Appl
Geochem 16:883–894
Federico C, Brusca L, Carapezza ML, Cigolini C, Inguaggiato S,
Rizzo A, Rouwet D (2008) Geochemical prediction of the 2002–
2003 Stromboli eruption from variations in CO2 and Rn
emissions and in helium and carbon isotopes. In: Calvari S,
Inguaggiato S, Puglisi G, Ripepe M, Rosi M (eds) The Stromboli
volcano: an integrated study of the 2002–2003 eruption. Am
Geophys Union Geophys Mon 182:117–128
Finizola A, Sortino F, Lénat JF, Valenza M (2002) Fluid circulation at
Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) from self-potential and
CO2 surveys. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 116:1–18
Finizola A, Sortino F, Lénat JF, Aubert M, Ripepe M, Valenza M
(2003) The summit hydrothermal system of Stromboli. New
insights from self-potential, temperature, CO2 and fumarolic fluid
measurements, with structural and monitoring implications. Bull
Volcanol 65:486–504
Galle B, Oppenheimer C, Geyer A, McGonigle AJS, Edmonds M,
Horrocks LA (2003) A miniaturised ultraviolet spectrometer for
remote sensing of SO2 fluxes: a new tool for volcano
surveillance. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 119:241–254
Gerlach TM (1993) Oxygen buffering of Kilauea volcanic gases and
the oxygen fugacity of Kilauea basalt. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta 57:795–814
Gerlach TM, Nordlie BE (1975) The C–O–H–S gaseous systems. Part
II: temperature, atomic composition, and molecular equilibria in
volcanic gases. Am J Sci 275:377–394
Giammanco S, Inguaggiato S, Valenza M (1998) Soil and fumarole
gases of Mount Etna: geochemistry and relations with volcanic
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