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Gizzi, Fabrizio Terenzio
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Gizzi, Fabrizio Terenzio
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- PublicationOpen AccessHistorical Memory as an Effective and Useful Tool for Proper Land Use Planning: Lessons Learnt from Some Italian Cases(2023)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Many Italian cities and towns have been affected by geological or geohydrological processes. However, due to the loss of historical memory, lessons of the past have been ignored; new urbanized areas have expanded into the same zones where damage and casualties occurred in the past. Despite current practices, researchers are showing how historical data can be among the most valid tools for identifying the most affected and hazardous areas. When the completeness and quality of historical sources are sufficiently high, we can make useful statistical inferences regarding the spatiotemporal variations of natural processes. This information is of great importance for land use planning, as it makes us able to rely not only on the current state of the investigated areas but also on their dynamic evolutionary framework over time. In this article, we present a chronological review of past Italian works describing the occurrence of natural extreme events making use of historical data. Then, we present some Italian case studies in which the awareness of hazards gained by paying attention to past information would have ensured better management of the risk for the benefit of public safety. Finally, the authors stress the need to safeguard, manage, and enhance the large collection of historical data that constitutes Italy’s heritage.42 34 - PublicationOpen AccessHistorical earthquakes and damage patterns in Potenza (Basilicata, Southern Italy)(2007-10)
; ; ;Gizzi, F. T.; Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali, CNR, Area della Ricerca di Potenza, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy ;Masini, N.; Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali, CNR, Area della Ricerca di Potenza, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy; This paper analyzes three historical seismic damage patterns in Potenza, the main town of the Basilicata Region, in Southern Italy. We refer to the 1826, 1857 and 1930 earthquakes, which hit the town with intensities ranging from VI-VII to VIII-IX MCS. In order to depict the seismic effects, we analyzed original documents, most of them never consulted before. The events have been located on an urban map of Potenza dating back to 1875. This research represents the starting point for further investigations, with the goal of highlighting the causes of the ‘anomalies’ in the distribution of the effects.193 1304 - PublicationOpen AccessDamage scenario of the earthquake on 23 July 1930 in Melfi: the contribution of technical documentation(2004)
; ; ;Terenzio Gizzi, F.; CNR Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali (IBAM), Sezione di Potenza, Lagopesole (PZ), Italy ;Masini, N.; CNR Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali (IBAM), Sezione di Potenza, Lagopesole (PZ), Italy; As regards the 1930 Irpinia earthquake a detailed research both on the institutional response to the seismic event in Vulture area and reconstruction of the damage scenario for the town of Melfi has been performed. This study was carried out by an analysis of coeval dossiers drawn up by the Special Office of Civil Engineers, which was set up after the earthquake. The research brought to light the typologies and the modalities of the institutional actions taken during the post-seismic period. In general, these territorial interventions had a notable effect on urban systems, especially those involving both the partial shifting of urban areas and the construction of earthquake-proof buildings. The research also identified the damage pattern in Melfi by a deeper study on about 2400 archive files. A preliminary analysis of the damage pattern indicates probable seismic amplification phenomena due to the lithological and geomorphological features of the site. Moreover, the analysis of time-dependent activities of reconstruction has shown that almost all the buildings of the town (90%) were repaired or reconstructed within five years after the seismic disaster.204 1064 - PublicationOpen AccessThe separation of the geomagnetic field originated in the core, in the asthenosphere, and in the crust(1999-04)
; ; ; ; ;Gregori, G. P.; Istituto di Fisica dell’Atmosfera (IFA-CNR), Roma, Italy; and World Laboratory, Lausanne, Switzerland ;Dong, W. J.; World Laboratory Scholarship, c/o IFA (CNR), Roma, Italy ;Gao, X. Q.; World Laboratory Scholarship, c/o IFA (CNR), Roma, Italy ;Gizzi, F. T.; European Commission Scholarship, c/o IFA (CNR), Roma, Italy; ; ; The separation of the field produced by different internal sources can be accomplished by means of the so-called spatial spectrum of the geomagnetic field of internal origin. It is shown how such a rationale, when suitably interpreted, allows to recognize the field that is originated by electric currents that flow either on the Inner-Core Boundary (ICB), or on the Core-Mantle Boundary (CMB), or on the Asthenosphere-Lithosphere Boundary (ALB). It appears crucial, however, to rely on satellite measurements alone, because ground-based and ship- and air-borne records are severely perturbed by the crustal field. Therefore, it is shown, on the basis of a critical reconsideration of a few key-papers in the literature, that the best approach is to avoid mixing together all kinds of measurements. Satellite data are best suited for recognizing the dynamo field, while ground-based, ship- and air-borne records, which are measured much closer to crustal sources, are best suited, after subtraction of the satellite-derived dynamo field, for inferring the geomagnetic anomalies that are to be associated with crustal sources alone.236 182 - PublicationOpen AccessLa memoria storica quale valido strumento per una corretta pianificazione territorialeL'articolo affronta il tema dell'utilizzo dei dati storici finalizzato ad una corretta pianificazione territoriale e quindi ad una mitigazione del rischio geologico-geomorfologico. In Italia molti centri abitati, più volte coinvolti in passato da processi endogeni ed esogeni, hanno continuato ad ampliarsi spesso nelle medesime aree nelle quali vi erano state vittime e gravi danni, senza tenere nella dovuta considerazione gli insegnamenti pregressi. Ciò è avvenuto soprattutto a causa della perdita di memoria storica, che ha favorito a sua volta la mancanza per decenni di una adeguata pianificazione territoriale, la carenza di vincoli, l'emanazione di dissennati condoni edilizi. Tali motivi hanno consentito ampliamenti urbanistici che sovente hanno provocato un'inevitabile proliferazione del rischio. La presente nota illustra cinque casi di abitati nella penisola interessati da problematiche diverse per i quali una oculata presa di coscienza del pericolo avrebbe fatto sì che non si trasformasse in rischio per la pubblica incolumità. L'articolo vuole sottolineare in maniera forte come sarebbe necessario che venissero destinate sufficienti risorse affinché le Soprintendenze Archivistiche possano salvaguardare e valorizzare il grande patrimonio di dati storici che l'Italia ha la fortuna di possedere. Tali risorse dovrebbero consentire anche l'affidamento gestionale a tecnici qualificati che possano organizzare i fondi documentali nella maniera adeguata. Ciò si potrebbe anche tradurre in data-base funzionali facilmente interrogabili da tutti per lavoro, ricerca o pura curiosità.
151 305 - PublicationOpen AccessGround Response and Historical Buildings in Avellino (Campania, Southern Italy): Clues from a Retrospective View Concerning the 1980 Irpinia-Basilicata EarthquakeCultural heritage represents our legacy with the past and our identity. However, to assure heritage can be passed on to future generations, it is required to put into the field knowledge as well as preventive and safeguard actions, especially for heritage located in seismic hazard-prone areas. With this in mind, the article deals with the analysis of ground response in the Avellino town (Campania, Southern Italy) and its correlation with the effects caused by the 23rd November 1980 Irpinia earthquake on the historical buildings. The aim is to get some clues about the earthquake damage cause-effect relationship. To estimate the ground motion response for Avellino, where strong-motion recordings are not available, we made use of the seismic hazard disaggregation. Then, we made extensive use of borehole data to build the lithological model so being able to assess the seismic ground response. Overall, results indicate that the complex subsoil layers influence the ground motion, particularly in the lowest period (0.1–0.5 s). The comparison with the observed damage of the selected historical buildings and the maximum acceleration expected indicates that the damage distribution cannot be explained by the surface geology effects alone.
240 35 - PublicationOpen AccessHistorical Data for Natural Hazard Risk Mitigation and Land Use Planning(2023)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; This paper demonstrates how historical research is a valuable tool for identifying past geological, geomorphological and climatic hazards and therefore critical for mitigating and reducing future risk. The authors describe the potential of a scientific field that straddles that of the geologist, geographer, historian and archivist. Historical records include a range of materials and sources of information, which can be very diverse; from written documents to cartographies, and from drawings to marble tombstones. They are all useful and convey important data, on the date of the event, the size of the phenomena, sometimes on ground effects, damage or magnitude. The authors discuss how to conduct historical research by providing a list of locations and how important historical documents can be found. Works that mention geological phenomena are listed, starting with the first occasional descriptions by individuals in letters, up to very specific publications in individual fields of interest. With this introduction, the editors of the Special Issue wish to draw attention to the importance of historical documentation, which is too often ignored or considered of low priority by the scientific community, but can contain key information on events, their impacts and social and cultural adaptations.40 13 - PublicationRestrictedAmbient noise HVSR measurements in the Avellino historical centre and surrounding area (southern Italy). Correlation with surface geology and damage caused by the 1980 Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake(2018-12)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; The article deals with the results of extensive surveys conducted in the town of Avellino, in southern Italy, with the aim of studying the site seismic response. Avellino is a town located in the Apennine Chain in Irpinia, which is a region characterized by a high seismic hazard. Several strong earthquakes hit the town in the past, the last of which occurred on 23 November 1980 (Mw = 6.8). In the last decades since that event, background low magnitude seismicity persists, including few moderate earthquakes. In order to analyse the site seismic response, our data set was made up by borehole and downhole records, ambient noise measurements both in free-field and inside buildings, and macroseismic data related to the 1980 Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake. With the intention of ascertaining the occurrence of resonance effects influencing the distribution of the earthquake damage, we performed a correlated analysis of all the data acquired. HVSR free-field peak frequencies, joined with the data obtained from previous surveys [22], agree with the computed 1D resonance frequencies and are in the range between 1.6 and 13.0 Hz. The resonance frequencies for fifteen typical buildings in Avellino, which were partly estimated from ambient noise measurements and partly by applying the Italian regulation code, are in the range between 1.2 and 4.6 Hz, so showing that soil-structure resonance effects can be generated in a wide area of the town. Finally, we drew up a detailed damage map, related to the 1980 earthquake, which affected Avellino seriously. From our research two aspects come to light. The first regards the fact that soil-structure resonance effects can be generated in the town and were possibly associated to some buildings damaged by the 1980 earthquake. The second concerns the circumstance that the amplitudes of HVSR peaks correlate well with the rock/soil velocity contrast at depth, but do not show a relationship with the earthquake damage pattern. The results of this study will be useful in view of putting into the field suitable risk mitigation countermeasures.341 5 - ProductOpen AccessI forti terremoti del XX secolo - storymaps(2014)
; ; ; ;Pignone, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Gizzi, F.T.; Università della Basilicata ;Abbondandolo, N.; Università del Sannio; ; 197 97 - ProductOpen AccessIl terremoto del 21 agosto 1962 - storymaps(2013)
; ; ; ;Pignone, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Gizzi, F.T.; Università della Basilicata ;Abbondandolo, N.; Università del Sannio; ; 212 67