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Geyer, Adelina
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Geyer, Adelina
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- PublicationOpen AccessSurveying volcanic crises exercises: From open-question questionnaires to a prototype checklist(2023)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;Volcanic crisis exercises are usually run to test response capabilities, communication protocols, and decision-making procedures by agencies with responsibilities to cope with scenarios of volcanic unrest with inherent uncertainty, such as volcano observatories and/or civil protection authorities. During the last decades, the use of questionnaires has been increased to evaluate people’s knowledge on volcanic hazards and their perception of risk, to better understand their preparedness to respond to emergency measures plans. In this paper, we present a study carried out within the European Network of Observatories and Research Infrastructures for Volcanology project (EUROVOLC) focused on extracting information on the experience gained during volcanic-crisis exercises by the project’s participants and beyond. An open-ended question questionnaire was firstly distributed for a survey within the project community. Through the results obtained, we developed a user-friendly online multi-choice questionnaire that was submitted to the volcanological communities within and outside EUROVOLC. Analyzing the answers to the online questionnaire, we extracted a prototype checklist for guiding the design of such exercises in the future. Our results confirm this type of survey as a very useful tool for gathering information on participants’ experience and knowledge, able to understand which data and information may be useful when designing exercises for scientists, emergency managers and decision makers. In particular, the main lessons learnt regard the need i) to increase training activities involving people exposed to volcanic hazards and media, ii) to improve external communication tools (between players and public/media), equipment and protocols and iii) to better define decision-makers’ needs.47 9 - PublicationRestrictedRemarkable variability in dyke features at the Vicuña Pampa Volcanic Complex, Southern Central Andes(2017-09)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Dykes at the Vicuña Pampa Volcanic Complex, which are mostly basaltic (trachy)-andesite and (trachy)-andesite, are exposed at the base and along the walls of a large depression resulting from intense degradation. Dykes intruding stiff layers (lavas, plugs and necks) are thin, mostly dip >60° and have coherent textures, whereas dykes intruding more compliant materials (breccias and conglomerates) tend to be thicker, have lower dips and have coherent, brecciated or mixed textures (coherent and brecciated textural domains in a single or compound dyke). Single dykes with brecciated and mixed textures are only found intruding near-surface units. Dykes with mixed textures always have sharp contacts between domains. Dykes with sinuous domain contacts and enclaves of one domain inside the other are interpreted as resulting from dyke arrest, partial cooling and reinjection of new magma. Dykes with straight domain contacts are considered to be compound dykes, with a new dyke intruding along the margins of an older, solidified one.648 3 - PublicationOpen AccessEUROVOLC tool for citizen science observations of volcanic phenomena(2020-05-03)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ;One of the aims of EUROVOLC is to raise awareness and share data by exploiting existing tools for hazard and risk. Here we present the ongoing effort within EUROVOLC WP12 to create an online tool to collect information from people witnessing volcanic events at European or other volcanoes. In the recent past, building on the experience from earthquakes, and from the trans-national effects of Eyjafallajökull eruption, European research groups have built tools (e.g. questionnaires or apps) for facilitating the collection of data by citizens. These efforts are presently fragmented and sparse across Europe (and across the world). As the first step we have conducted a reconnaissance survey of existing citizen science tools in volcanology (from operational and research projects), available for download through EUROVOLC website One of the aims of EUROVOLC is to raise awareness and share data by exploiting existing tools for hazard and risk. Here we present the ongoing effort within EUROVOLC WP12 to create an online tool to collect information from people witnessing volcanic events at European or other volcanoes. In the recent past, building on the experience from earthquakes, and from the trans-national effects of Eyjafallajökull eruption, European research groups have built tools (e.g. questionnaires or apps) for facilitating the collection of data by citizens. These efforts are presently fragmented and sparse across Europe (and across the world). As the first step we have conducted a reconnaissance survey of existing citizen science tools in volcanology (from operational and research projects), available for download through EUROVOLC website. The new EUROVOLC tool will: - access and collate data collected by several pre-existing tools. These tools currently include ‘myVolcano’ by British Geological Survey; sulphur dioxide and ash recording tools by Iceland Met Office; Osservatorio Vesuviano web questionnaire & Tefranet by INGV-Catania. These tools were selected based on whether their data can be ‘pulled’ in real-time; - allow additional tools to be incorporated as they become available; - allow recording of new data by the users; - allow visualizing on a map the data in which the users are interested in, that can be selected by region/country, by recording time, or by observed phenomenon; - allow downloading the data in which the users are interested in In this way, the users of EUROVOLC tool will have access to observations collected by the multiple tools available across EUROPE through a single access point. The EUROVOLC tool will become available in July 2020.94 35 - PublicationOpen AccessVolcanism in Antarctica: An assessment of the present state of research and future directions(2023-12)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made to understand the nature, dynamics and evolution of volcanic systems. In parallel, the continuous demographic expansion and extensive urbanization of volcanic areas have increased the exposure of our society to these natural phenomena. This increases the need to improve our capacities to accurately assess projected volcanic hazards and their potential socioeconomic and environmental impact, and Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands are no exception. More than a hundred volcanoes have been identified in Antarctica, some of which are entirely buried beneath the ice sheet and others as submarine volcanoes. Of these, at least eight large (basal diameters > c. 20-30 km) volcanoes are known to be active and pose a considerable threat to scientific and ever-increasing tourism activities being carried out in the region. Despite the scientific and socioeconomic interest, many aspects of the past volcanic activity and magmatic processes in Antarctica, and current volcanic hazards and risks, remain unknown. Moreover, many of Antarctica’s volcanoes preserve a remarkable history of the eruptive environment, from which multiple parameters of past configurations of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) can be deduced. Given the critical role that the AIS plays in regulating Earth’s climate, Antarctica’s volcanoes therefore can be regarded as the ground truth for current models of past climates derived from modelling and studies of marine sediments. Here, we provide a succinct overview of the evolution of volcanism and magmatism in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic region over the past 200 million years. Then, we briefly review the current state of knowledge of the most crucial aspects regarding Antarctica’s volcanic and magmatic processes, and the contributions volcanic studies have made to our understanding of ice sheet history and evolution, geothermal heat flow, as well as present-day and future volcanic hazard and risk. A principal objective is to highlight the problems and critical limitations of the current state of knowledge and to provide suggestions for future potential directions of volcanic-driven investigations in Antarctica. Finally, we also discuss and assess the importance and scope of education and outreach activities specifically relating to Antarctic volcanism, and within the context of broader polar sciences.89 26 - PublicationOpen AccessNoble gas isotopes reveal degassing-derived eruptions at Deception Island (Antarctica): implications for the current high levels of volcanic activity(2022-11-15)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Deception Island is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica with more than twenty explosive eruptions in the past two centuries. Any future volcanic eruption(s) is a serious concern for scientists and tourists, will be detrimental to marine ecosystems and could have an impact to global oceanographic processes. Currently, it is not possible to carry-out low and high frequency volcanic gas monitoring at Deception Island because of the arduous climatic conditions and its remote location. Helium, neon and argon isotopes measured in olivine samples of the main eruptive events (pre-, syn- and post caldera) offer insights into the processes governing its volcanic history. Our results show that: (i) ascending primitive magmas outgassed volatiles with a MORB-like helium isotopic signature (3He/4He ratio); and (ii) variations in the He isotope ratio, as well as intensive degassing evidenced by fractionated 4He/40Ar* values, occurred before the beginning of the main eruptive episodes. Our results show how the pre-eruptive noble gas signals of volcanic activity is an important step toward a better understanding of the magmatic dynamics and has the potential to improve eruption forecasting.198 5 - PublicationOpen AccessThe integrated multidisciplinary European volcano infrastructure: from the conception to the implementation(2022)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;Recent decades have highlighted the increasing need to connect and strengthen the volcanology community at European level. Indeed, research in the volcanology field is highly qualified in Europe and the volcano monitoring infrastructures have achieved valuable know-how, becoming the state-of-the-art in the world. However, the lack of common good practices in sciences and technologies, missing standards, as well as a significant fragmentation of the community requires coordination to move forward and guarantee a trans-national harmonisation. The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) represented the first opportunity to initiate this process of coordination by encouraging the creation of a European volcanological scientific infrastructure for data and service sharing. During the preparation and the design of EPOS, the volcanology community identified the objectives and the needs of the community building, the services to be provided and the work plan to implement the infrastructure. To achieve this aim, the contribution from three European projects FUTUREVOLC, MED-SUV and EUROVOLC was essential. This paper presents the main steps performed during the last years for building the community and implementing the infrastructure. This paper also describes the strategic choices and actions taken to realise the infrastructure such as the establishment of the Volcano Observation Thematic Core Service (TCS), whose structure and activity are described.145 57