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Scandone, Roberto
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Scandone, Roberto
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Scandone, R.
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- PublicationOpen AccessEruptions, earthquakes and geothermal resources at Campi Flegrei and IschiaThe volcanic activity of Campi Flegrei and Ischia ranges between 150 ka and the present. The last eruption at Ischia occurred in 1302 CE, and that in Campi Flegrei in 1538. Eruptions at Ischia were more frequent during Greek and Roman times, whereas Campi Flegrei was more active between 5000 and 3000 a BP. The use of thermal baths flourished at Campi Flegrei during Roman and the Middle Age, and balneo-therapy became a popular remedy that rivalled with the activity of the Salerno school of medicine. All this activity came to an end with the eruption of Monte Nuovo in 1538, that, although there was a modest magnitude, it caused a strong commotion and altered the state of springs for long times. Soon after the eruption of Monte Nuovo, a calabrian physician, Giulio Iasolino (1588), wrote a treatise named “De Rimedi Naturali che sono nell'Isola di Pithecusa; hoggi detta Ischia”, enumerating the springs of Ischia and describing their curative properties. Since then, the thermal springs of Ischia have slow became renown firstly in the kingdom of Naples and subsequently in Italy. Volcanic activity and earthquakes have strongly influenced the exploitation of the geothermal resources and the fears of possible eruptions has affected for long time the attitude of people against the benefits resulting from it.
91 98 - PublicationRestrictedChronology of the 2007 eruption of Stromboli and the activity of the Scientific Synthesis Group(2009)
; ; ; ; ;Barberi, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università di Roma Tre ;Civetta, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Rosi, M.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa ;Scandone, R.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Roma Tre; ; ; On 27 February 2007, at 12.49 GMT, a new eruption of Stromboli took place with the effusion of a lava flow from a fracture cutting the flank of the NE cone, which rapidly reached the sea. The eruption had been heralded by an increase in the amplitude of tremor and flank movement since at least the 14th of February. Short-term precursors were an increase in the rate of occurrence of small landslides within the “Sciara del Fuoco” scar on the North-western flank of the volcano. A new effusive vent opened at 18.30 GMT on the Sciara del Fuoco at an height of 400 m asl. The new lava emission caused the sudden termination of the summit flow and initiated a period of non-stationary lava outpouring which ended on 2 April, 2007. The eruption has been characterized by a rapid decrease in the eruption rate after the first days and subsequently by episodic pulse increases. On the 15th of March, the increase in lava outpouring, monitored by a thermal camera, heralded by 9 min the occurrence of a violent paroxysmal explosion with the formation of an impulsive eruption column and the emission of small pumices mingled with black scoriae. The pumice had a bulk composition similar to that of the lava and of the black scoriae, but with a distinct lower content of phenocrysts. A similar feature has been repeatedly observed during the major explosive paroxysms of Stromboli. Short term precursors of the paroxysm were recorded by strainmeter and tiltmeter stations. The volcano monitoring activity has been made by a joint team of researchers from the INGV sections of Catania, Napoli, Palermo and Rome, along with researchers from the Universities of Florence, Pisa, Roma Tre, and Palermo. The scientific activity was coordinated by a Synthesis Group made up by scientists responsible for the different monitoring techniques of INGV and Universities and by the volcanic experts of Commissione Nazionale Grandi Rischi of the Prime Minister Office (Civil Protection Department). The group made a daily evaluation of the state of the volcano and transmitted its recommendations to the Civil Protection Department (DPC). Several prevention measures were adopted by DPC, the main of which were the evacuation of the coast zone when strong acceleration of the Sciara del Fuoco slope motion (occurred twice) could led to a dangerous tsunami by flank collapse (as last occurred on 30 December 2002) and four days before the 15 March paroxysm when access was prohibited to the part of the volcano above 290 m asl.280 28 - PublicationOpen AccessERUPTIVE HISTORY, SEISMIC ACTIVITY AND GROUND DEFORMATIONS AT MT VESUVIUS, ITALY(1985)
; ; ; ; ; ;Bonasia, V.; University of Naples ;Del Pezzo, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Pingue, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Scandone, R.; University of Rome III ;Scarpa, R.; University of Salerno; ; ; ; We describe the eruptive history and seismicity and ground deformation of Mt. Vesuvius in the time interval 1970-1982368 677 - PublicationRestrictedMagma transfer at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) before the 1538 AD eruption(2016)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Di Vito, M. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Acocella, V.; 2Dipartimento di Scienze Università Roma Tre, Italy. ;Aiello, G.; 3Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy ;Barra, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Battaglia, M.; 4Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza, Roma, Italy. ;Carandente, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Del Gaudio, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;de Vito, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Ricciardi, G. P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Ricco, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Scandone, R.; 2Dipartimento di Scienze Università Roma Tre, Italy. ;Terrasi, F.; Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Seconda Università di Napoli, Italy; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Calderas are collapse structures related to the emptying of magmatic reservoirs, often associated with large eruptions from long-lived magmatic systems. Understanding how magma is transferred from a magma reservoir to the surface before eruptions is a major challenge. Here we exploit the historical, archaeological and geological record of Campi Flegrei caldera to estimate the surface deformation preceding the Monte Nuovo eruption and investigate the shallow magma transfer. Our data suggest a progressive magma accumulation from ~1251 to 1536 in a 4.6 ± 0.9 km deep source below the caldera centre, and its transfer, between 1536 and 1538, to a 3.8 ± 0.6 km deep magmatic source ~4 km NW of the caldera centre, below Monte Nuovo; this peripheral source fed the eruption through a shallower source, 0.4 ± 0.3 km deep. This is the first reconstruction of pre-eruptive magma transfer at Campi Flegrei and corroborates the existence of a stationary oblate source, below the caldera centre, that has been feeding lateral eruptions for the last ~5 ka. Our results suggest: 1) repeated emplacement of magma through intrusions below the caldera centre; 2) occasional lateral transfer of magma feeding non-central eruptions within the caldera. Comparison with historical unrest at calderas worldwide suggests that this behavior is common.524 18 - PublicationRestrictedUnrest episodes at Campi Flegrei: A reconstruction of vertical ground movements during 1905–2009(2010-06)
; ; ; ; ; ;Del Gaudio, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Aquino, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Ricciardi, G. P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Ricco, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Scandone, R.; Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy; ; ; ; Geodetic observations at Campi Flegrei caldera were initiated in 1905. Historical observations and the few measurements made before 1970 suggested a deflationary trend. Since 1969, the ground started to inflate during two major uplift episodes in 1969–72 and 1982–1985. We collected and reanalyzed all available punctual observations of vertical ground displacement taken in the period 1905–2009with special attention to the period before 1969, to reconstruct in greater detail the deformation history of the caldera. We make use of the many photographs of the sea level in a roman ruin (the Serapeum Market) taken during the period between 1905 and 1969 to infer with more accuracy its relative height with respect to the sea level. We identify a previously disregarded major episode of ground uplift occurred between 1950 and 1952 with a maximum uplift of about 73 cm. This finding suggests that Campi Flegrei is currently experiencing a prolonged period of unrest longer than previously thought. The higher seismicity associated with the later episodes of unrest suggests that the volcano has approached an instability threshold, which may eventually result in a volcanic eruption.353 60