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Pierdominici, Simona
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- PublicationRestrictedDownhole Measurements in the AND-2A Borehole, ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound Project, Antarctica(2009)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;the ANDRIL-SMS Science Team ;Wonik, T.; Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, 30655 Hannover - Germany ;Grelle, T.; Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, 30655 Hannover - Germany ;Handwerger, D.; TerraTek (Schlumberger), Salt Lake City, UT 84104 - USA ;Jarrard, R. D.; Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 - USA ;McKee, A.; Raytheon Polar Services Corporation, Centennial, CO 80112-3938 - USA ;Patterson, T.; Montana Tech, 1300 West Park Street, Butte, MT 59701 - USA ;Paulsen, T.; Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Wisconsin at Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901-8649 - USA ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Schmitt, D. R.; Inst. for Geophysical Research, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7 - Canada ;Schröder, H.; Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, 30655 Hannover - Germany ;Speece, M.; Montana Tech, 1300 West Park Street, Butte, MT 59701 - USA ;Wilson, T.; School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1522 - USA ;the ANDRIL-SMS Science Team; http://andrill.org/projects/sms/team.html; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Under the framework of the ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound (SMS) Project successful downhole experiments were conducted in the 1138.54 metre (m)-deep AND-2A borehole. Wireline logs successfully recorded were: magnetic susceptibility, spectral gamma ray, sonic velocity, borehole televiewer, neutron porosity, density, calliper, geochemistry, temperature and dipmeter. A resistivity tool and its backup both failed to operate, thus resistivity data were not collected. Due to hole conditions, logs were collected in several passes from the total depth at ~1138 metres below sea floor (mbsf) to ~230 mbsf, except for some intervals that were either inaccessible due to bridging or were shielded by the drill string. Furthermore, a Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) was created from ~1000 mbsf up to the sea floor. The first hydraulic fracturing stress measurements in Antarctica were conducted in the interval 1000-1138 mbsf. This extensive data set will allow the SMS Science Team to reach some of the ambitious objectives of the SMS Project. Valuable contributions can be expected for the following topics: cyclicity and climate change, heat flux and fluid flow, seismic stratigraphy in the Victoria Land Basin, and structure and state of the modern crustal stress field.299 23 - PublicationOpen AccessStudio multidisciplinare per la caratterizzazione ed identificazione di aree sismicamente attive in Appennino: metodi geologici, geofisici e statistici(2004)
; ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, ItaliaLo studio effettuato in questa tesi di Dottorato ha lo scopo di integrare metodologie di analisi diverse - geologiche, geofisiche e statistiche - per contribuire alla determinazione del potenziale sismico, che è la diretta espressione dell’attività del campo di stress attualmente agente e responsabile della sismicità. Queste tre diverse metodologie sono state applicate in due aree selezionate ubicate lungo la catena appenninica, in corrispondenza delle conche intramontane di origine tettonica. La scelta di queste aree si basa anche sul presupposto che esse possano avere un notevole potenziale sismico essendo caratterizzate da importanti eventi storici di elevata magnitudo. Tra le metodologie applicate in questo studio, i metodi geologici mirano alla comprensione dell’evoluzione quaternaria delle depressioni intrappenniniche con particolare riguardo al riconoscimento ed alla valutazione delle evidenze di tettonica attiva. I metodi geofisici sono stati applicati per studiare e definire meglio il campo di stress attraverso l’analisi dei dati di borehole breakout, dei meccanismi focali dei terremoti e del test di Leak-off. Tutte le tecniche sono volte a determinare le componenti relative al campo di stress quali orientazione (Shmin ed asse-T), tipo di regime (normale, trascorrente o inverso) e sua quantificazione (pressioni in MPa). È stato inizialmente affrontato uno studio della sismicità storica e strumentale, attraverso l’analisi dei vari cataloghi, per integrare le conoscenze sulla geodinamica dell’Appennino, sull’assetto geologico-strutturale profondo, sulla definizione delle strutture sismogeniche, sulla distribuzione e sul potenziale sismico delle aree campioni. È stata affrontata l’analisi delle sequenze sismiche per determinare la distribuzione areale ed in profondità degli eventi, l’orientazione ed il tipo di regime di stress e la stima del tensore dello stress regionale mediante il metodo di inversione di GEPHART & FORSYTH (1984). Infine, sono stati applicati due metodi statistici per studiare la distribuzione spazio-temporale dei terremoti tramite due approcci non-parametrici: l’analisi multivariata che implementa il dato di sismicità con quello geologico-strutturale (FAENZA et al., 2003) ed il metodo di TANNER & WONG, 1984) che utilizza solo i dati di sismicità relativi ad un campione omogeneo. Infine, è stata calcolata la probabilità di evento nelle due aree campioni.187 1510 - PublicationOpen AccessThe Italian present-day stress map(2011-06)
; ; ; ;Montone, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Mariucci, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; Montone P., Mariucci M.T. and Pierdominici S. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma – Italy The Italian present-day stress map We present an updated stress map of Italy in terms of horizontal stress orientations considering breakouts, focal mechanisms of earthquakes and fault data in order to better define the tectonic structure orientations in the crust. New data focusing in particular on three areas (Abruzzi, central-southern Apennines and Sicily) will be presented. The new data have increased the previous present-day stress compilation of about 20%. We have performed borehole breakout analysis in 57 deep wells and inferred 41 new reliable horizontal stress orientations. In order to resolve also the stress regime we have considered the focal mechanisms of earthquakes computed for these zones. In the Abruzzi region (central Italy) we have analyzed in detail two deep boreholes close to the Mw=6.3 earthquake (April 6, 2009) which destroyed the old town of L’Aquila and caused the death of more than 300 people. In the wide area belonging to the central-southern Apennines, new horizontal stress orientations confirm the NE-extension along the belt and the foredeep, although evidence some local variations. Stress data along the Tyrrhenian coast are relevant, as very few data existed before. Shmin orientations in this area are quite variable and interpreted as due to an extensional tectonic regime with a sub-vertical σ1 and without a prevailing horizontal stress component. Breakouts from southeastern Sicily and offshore are in agreement with the Africa-Europe convergence ~NNW-SSE oriented. Whereas, in central Sicily the presence of a foredeep running with different orientations, from ~EW to ~NS, produced a complex tectonic setting originating local stress sources.126 61 - PublicationOpen AccessFirst Results From the Scientific Drilling at Colli Albani Volcanic Area (Italy)(2006-12-11)
; ; ; ; ; ;Mariucci, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Florindo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Marra, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Montone, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; For the first time in Italy, a borehole was drilled SE of Rome in the Colli Albani volcanic district for scientific purposes. The 350m borehole contributes to understand the structure and the dynamics of the shallow crust in the Quaternary volcanic complex now quiescent, characterizing the rock units and defining the present stress field and its evolution in recent times. The borehole will host a broad-band seismometer for good seismicity records in a very urbanized area. We present the preliminary results of borehole data analysis and the ongoing researches. The well is located in the most interesting area of the volcanic complex where: 1) most seismic swarms occur; 2) geodetic and satellite investigations determined an ongoing uplift; 3) gas (CO2 and H2S) concentration in water is high; 4) local tectonics is peculiar and 5) stress data lack. Wireline drilling produced a complete stratigraphic record of the volcanic units down to the sedimentary basement. Biostratigraphic analysis are performed for a complete reconstruction of sedimentary sequence. Down-hole logs were carried out such as: gamma-ray, resistivity, sonic, borehole televiewer, caliper and magnetic susceptibility. Due to the shallow depth the whole logs are compared with cores. The Gamma-Ray provides a clear characterization of volcanic units and the definition of the intervals that most contribute to radioactivity. Resistivity and Sonic logs give a major definition of the different units and their characters. Caliper log and BHTV supply data (breakouts, fractures and faults) from which we interpret the main tectonic features and the present-day stress. Moreover a detailed magnetic susceptibility analysis is performed on shale samples. The blow-out occurred in the deeper sandy unit, allowed to sample deep fluids, that are now being analysed and will contribute to better understand the complex fluid flow. Mechanical analysis at high pressure and temperature are planned to understand the behavior of the volcanic rocks. Dynamic tests on Pliocene clays will determine parameters useful for the local seismic response; the result will be joined to the sonic log and volcanic laboratory measurements (Vp/Vs), providing data on real seismic behavior of these units.195 204 - PublicationOpen AccessThe MOLE Drilling Project: Laboratory at Depth on an Active Fault in Central Italy(2007-12-10)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Cocco, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Montone, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Barchi, M. R.; Dip. Scienze della Terra, Università di Perugia, Italia ;Dresen, G.; GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Potsdam, Germania ;Zoback, M. D.; Stanford University, Mitchell Building, CA (USA) ;Mariucci, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; Several fundamental questions concerning: i) the geophysical and geochemical processes controlling normal faulting and earthquake ruptures during moderate-to-large seismic events and ii) the low angle normal fault paradox, still need to be fully answered. In this work we aim to present an example of low angle normal fault (Alto Tiberina Fault) located in the Northern Apennines (Italy) showing conclusive evidence of its seismic activity. This fault is a likely target of an international project: the MOLE (Multidisciplinary Observatory and Laboratory of Experiments) Drilling project. Indeed, under the auspices of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program a workshop is being organized in Italy next spring 2008, to promote the creation of an international multidisciplinary team of scientists, to discuss the project in detail and also to prepare a full proposal for ICDP. This project wants to investigate the inner structure of normal faults in Central Italy to get physical constraints on the processes controlling faulting and earthquake mechanics. The Umbria-Marche sector of Northern Apennines offers a unique opportunity to reach a complex system of normal faults among which we selected two possible targets. 1) The active Colfiorito fault dipping about 45° toward SW which Tiberina low angle normal fault dipping 15°-25° towards ENE, which moves through a combination of aseismic creep and repeating microearthquakes. Drilling the Colfiorito active fault at a depth of about 2-3 km allows targeting the high coseismic slip patch of the 1997 earthquake M=6 seismogenic structure. Drilling the Alto Tiberina Fault at a depth of nearly 5-6 km will target a micro seismicity source. We aim to collect new original data through borehole logging and sampling and to set up a permanent observatory at depth for a multidisciplinary monitoring to characterize these active normal fault zones. This will allow to understand how such faults behave and to create more realistic models of: earthquake nucleation, seismicity pattern, stress interactions and earthquake triggering at local and regional scale. Both drilling targets present relevant technical issues that should be discussed from different points of view before selecting the starting drilling site.148 126 - PublicationOpen AccessNew Insights on Active Stress Field in Italy and its Implications with Tectonics(2006-04-02)
; ; ; ;Mariucci, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Montone, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; Active stress field in Italy is quite well-known but in detail it lacks a univocal interpretation in some areas of both orientations and magnitudes. We analyzed new deep boreholes and compared the results of stress analysis with the active faults crossed by or near the wells to estimate the influence of different structures on well data. In some cases, gently or abrupt changes in the stress directions have been observed along the well in the vicinity of a tectonic structure. In areas where tectonic structures are unknown, these stress changes observed in other boreholes can support other kind of evidence in identifying and characterizing active faults. We also present results on stress magnitudes inferred from leak-off tests in oil wells (more than two hundreds new data, kindly provided by ENI S.p.A). We calculated the values of the principal stress axis at depths ranging from about 200m to 5000m and analysed them considering the leak-off data uncertainties. Then we compared the results to the horizontal stress orientations from borehole breakout analysis and from other geophysical and geological stress indicators and interpreted them within the different tectonic framework. Finally, we analyzed the pictures of stress regime at different depths speculating about the reasons of regime changes that are observed in some areas. The active stress field depicted by the new analysis shows, at regional scale, a general agreement with strain data (geodesy and seismic anisotropy) although some interesting characteristics arise at local scale.149 206 - PublicationOpen AccessHydrogeological study of the monti sibillini north-western sector: a contribution to the official hydrogeologic mapping(2009)
; ; ; ; ;Boni, C. F.; Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ;Tarragoni, C.; Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ;Martarelli, L.; APAT - Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo/Servizio Geologico d'Italia ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ; This work underlines the importance of experimental data and integrates the hydrogeological mapping methods. The work has analyzed the lithological features of the outcropping rocks and their attitude to be crossed by the meteoric waters. Geologic-structural analysis has allowed to identify elements that can constitute the hydraulic barriers and the hydrogeological complexes that can contain the aquifers. A detailed analysis of base flow was carried out through hydrogeological survey directly performed in the river. The hydrogeological survey has allowed us: 1) to appraise the river's base flow; 2) to identify the punctual and linear springs; 3) to quantify the water resource on average drained; and 4) to determine the discharge regime of springs and rivers. The Conceptual Hydrogeological Model for each individual aquifer have been derived from geologic-structural analysis and hydrogeological studies. The Conceptual Hydrogeological Models allowed us to calculate the Mean Effective Infiltration (Ieff) of every aquifer. The values of Ieff are gathered in classes. All merged information has been used in the preparation of Hydrogeological Complexes and Natural Springs Map. The manifold hydrogeological information cannot be represented in one document only; so the Experimental Hydrogeological Mapping has been prepared as the overlap of different informative levels: Hydrogeological Complexes and Natural Springs Map (principal document), Surface Hydrology Map and Conceptual Hydrogeological Models of several recognized aquifers (complementary elements).197 288 - PublicationOpen AccessLooking for surface faulting ancestors of the l'Aquila April 6, 2009 event: preliminary paleoseismological data and seismic hazard implications(2009-11-16)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Cinti, F. R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Civico, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Cucci, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;De Martini, P. M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pantosti, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pucci, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Brunori, C. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; The occurrence of the Mw 6.3, April 6, 2009 earthquake has highlighted how critical is the knowledge of the location and of the characteristics of the active faults in a seismic region. This is true not only as a contribution to the seismic hazard assessment but also for the local planning of residential areas, plants and infrastructures. The 2009 earthquake occurred on the Paganica normal fault (PF hereinafter) and produced 3 km-long, maximum 0.1 m-high surface ruptures along its central section, as well as secondary slip along nearby tectonic structures and secondary effects such as liquefaction and landslides over a wide area.We will show the preliminary results from the analysis of a “special” site where an amazing “coseismic” trench, caved by the overpressure produced by the broken pipe of an aqueduct, provided the exposure of a 30-m wide fault zone of the PF, as well as from other cuts crossing the most recent scarp of the PF163 140 - PublicationRestrictedStatistical Occurrence Analysis and Spatio-temporal Distribution of Earthquakes in the Apennines (Italy)(2007-03-19)
; ; ;Faenza, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; We present two examples of statistical analysis of seismicity conducted by integrating geological, geophysical and seismological data with the aim to characterize the active stress field and to define the spatio-temporal distribution of large earthquakes. Moreover, our data will help to improve the knowledge of the “seismogenic behavior” of the areas and to provide useful information for seismic hazard evaluation. The earthquakes are described by two non-parametric statistical procedures integrating also tectonic-physical parameters to study the spatio-temporal variability. The results show that the areas are characterized by: 1) a stress regime with mainly extensional kinematics; 2) tectonic structures mainly oriented with the active stress field (Shmin=N44°18° in the southern Apennines and Shmin=N50°17° in the central Apennines); 3) cluster distribution of seismicity and 4) a high probability of earthquake occurrence (M>5.5) in the next 10 years.180 25 - PublicationRestrictedA study to constrain the geometry of an active fault in southern Italy through borehole breakouts and downhole logs(2011-01-19)
; ; ; ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Mariucci, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Montone, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; Identification of an active fault and the local versus regional present-day stress field in the Irpinia region (southern Apennines) have been performed along a 5900m deep well (San Gregorio Magno 1) by a detailed breakout and geophysical log analysis. The selected area is characterized by diffuse low magnitude seismicity, although in historical times moderate to large earthquakes have repeatedly struck it. On 23rd November 1980 a strong earthquake (M=6.9) nucleated on a 38km-long normal fault, named Irpinia fault, producing the first unequivocal historical surface faulting ever documented in Italy. The analysis of stress-induced wellbore breakouts shows a direction of minimum horizontal stress N18°±24°, fairly consistent with the regional stress trend (N44°±20°). The small discrepancy between our result and the regional stress orientation might be related to the influence of local stress sources such as variations of the Irpinia fault plane orientation and the presence of differently oriented active shear zones. This paper shows for the first time a detailed analysis on the present-day stress along a well to identify the Irpinia fault at depth and constrain its geometry.359 43