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Lo Castro, Maria Deborah
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Lo Castro, Maria Deborah
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- PublicationOpen AccessImplementazione di una nuova procedura per caratterizzare la forma di particelle mediante misure al CAMSIZER e algoritmi di clustering(2011)
; ; ; ; ; ;Lo Castro, M. D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Andronico, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Cassisi, C.; Università degli Studi di Catania ;Montalto, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Prestifilippo, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; In this work we present the calibration phase of a new procedure for the characterization of the shape of pyroclastic particles. This research has been granted by INGV of Catania, with funds deriving from the “Progetto Giovani”, in collaboration with Retsch Technology in Haan. The innovation of this procedure arises from the use of CAMSIZER (an instrument developed by the German leader company). This instrument permits to obtain very important information both on size and shape parameters of a high number of particles (hundreds of thousands data). Moreover, we used clustering and classification algorithms in order to group particles according to their morphologic characteristics. This calibration phase has been tested only on standard materials with regular geometries such as cubes, spheres and cylinders. In the future we will apply this methodology to volcanic ash particles that, as well-known, are characterized by irregular morphologies.593 445 - PublicationRestrictedRepresentivity of incompletely sampled fall deposits in estimating eruption source parameters: a test using the 12–13 January 2011 lava fountain deposit from Mt. Etna volcano(2014-09-04)
; ; ; ; ;Andronico, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Scollo, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lo Castro, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Cristaldi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; The Southeast Crater (SEC) of Mt. Etna, Italy, is renowned for its high activity, mainly long-lived eruptions consisting of sequences of individual paroxysmal episodes which have produced more than 150 eruptive events since 1998. Each episode typically forms eruption columns followed by tephra fallout over distances of up to about 100 km from the vent. One of the last sequences consisted of 25 lava fountaining events, which took place between January 2011 and April 2012 from a pit-vent on the eastern flank of the SEC and built a new scoria cone renamed New Southeast Crater. The first episode on 12–13 January 2011 produced tephra fallout which was unusually dispersed toward to the South extending out over the Mediterranean Sea. The southerly deposition of tephra permitted an extensive survey at distances between ~1 and ~100 km, providing an excellent characterization of the tephra deposit. Here, we document the stratigraphy of the 12–13 January fallout deposit, draw its dispersal, and reconstruct its isopleth map. These data are then used to estimate the main eruption source parameters. The total erupted mass (TEM) was calculated by using four different methodologies which give a mean value of 1.5 ± 0.4 × 108 kg. The mass eruption rate (MER) is 2.5 ± 0.7 × 104 kg/s using eruption duration of 100 min. The total grain-size (TGS) distribution, peaked at −3 phi, ranges between −5 and 5 phi and has a median value of −1.4 phi. Further, for the eruption column height, we obtained respective values of 6.8–13.8 km by using the method of Carey and Sparks (1986) and 3.4 ± 0.3 km by using the methods of Wilson and Walker (1987), Mastin et al. (2009), and Pistolesi et al. (2011) and considering the mean value of MER from the deposit. We also evaluated the uncertainty and reliability of TEM and TGS for scenarios where the proximal and distal samples are not obtainable. This is achieved by only using a sector spanning the downwind distances between 6 and 23 km. This scenario is typical for Etna when the tephra plume is dispersed eastward, i.e., in the prevailing wind direction. Our results show that, if the analyzed deposit has poorer sample coverage than presented in this study, the TEM (3.4 × 107 kg) is 22 % than the TEM obtained from the whole deposit. The lack of the proximal (<6 km) deposit may cause more significant differences in the TGS estimations.121 18 - PublicationOpen AccessAnalisi tessiturale della cenere emessa dalla Bocca Nuova il 17 giugno 2011(2011)
; ; ;Andronico, Daniele; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lo Castro, Maria Deborah; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; 148 73 - PublicationOpen AccessIl parossismo del 5-6 agosto 2011 al Cratere di SE: caratteristiche del deposito di caduta(2011)
; ; ; ;Andronico, Daniele; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lo Castro, Maria Deborah; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Scollo, Simona; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; 134 66 - PublicationOpen AccessOsservazioni sull’attività di Stromboli (16-19 giugno 2009)(2009)
; ; ;Andronico, Daniele; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lo Castro, Maria Deborah; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Tra il 16 e il 19 giugno 2009 è stata svolta una campagna sul vulcano Stromboli durante la quale è stata osservata l’attività eruttiva e raccolti alcuni campioni di cenere. In particolare sono state svolte delle ricognizioni in area sommitale nei giorni 16, 17 e 19 giugno 2009. La campagna ha avuto anche lo scopo di trasportare un campionatore di cenere sulla sommità del vulcano, che durante i giorni di osservazione è stato posizionato lungo l’asse di dispersione delle ceneri emesse dall’attività eruttiva. Quest’ultima è stata documentata da foto a colori reali e infrarosso; inoltre sono state eseguite alcune misure delle bocche presenti all’interno della terrazza craterica mediante un binocolo distanziometrico177 112 - PublicationOpen AccessMagma Budget From Lava and Tephra Volumes Erupted During the 25-26 October 2013 Lava Fountain at Mt Etna(2018)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Determining the volume of the various types of products of a highly frequent active volcano can be very difficult, especially if most of them are deposited on a growing volcanic cone. The New South-East Crater (NSEC) of Mt Etna, Italy, may be considered one of the best case studies because of tens of paroxysmal episodes which it produced in the last few years. On 25-26 October 2013, a lava fountain at the NSEC produced magma jets up to 500 m high, a maximum similar to 8 km high column, a multilobate lava flow field 1.3-1.5 km long, and almost 30 m of growth in height of the NSEC cone. Mapping of explosive and effusive deposits allowed us to calculate the total volume of erupted products, including lava flows, proximal, and distal tephra fallout, and the amount of coarse pyroclastics on the cone. The estimation of the latter products was also confirmed subtracting digital elevation models (DEMs) obtained at different stages of the NSEC growth. Results show that the volume of tephra fallout away from the cone was only <5 % of the total erupted magma, while the total volume of pyroclasts (distal plus proximal fallout) was about a third of the lava volume. Our analysis suggests that, at least for the studied event, three fourth of the involved magma was already partially degassed and thus emitted as lava flows. Hence, the main distinctive character of lava fountains at Etna, i.e., formation of eruption column and propagation of tephra-laden volcanic plumes to tens of km away from the volcano, would not contribute significantly to the final budget of erupted magma of the 25-26 October 2013 eruption. We therefore propose that the same magma dynamics, i.e., similar magma distribution, probably occur also during most of the common lava fountain episodes. Finally, we infer that quantifying the magma budget from lava and tephra volumes erupted during the 25-26 October lava fountain can give new insights into the mechanisms driving the eruptive behavior of Etna during paroxysmal activity from the summit craters, and provide useful indications also in terms of volcanic hazard.1820 33 - PublicationOpen AccessTephrostratigraphy of the last 2 ka activity of Etna volcano(2010)
; ; ;Lo Castro, Maria Deborah; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Coltelli, Mauro; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Stratigraphic and facies analysis, conducted in the 90’s, on the pyroclastic successions blanking the Etna volcano flanks permitted the reconstruction of the last 100 ka tephrostratigraphic record of the volcano explosive activity. During the Holocene, several strong explosive events occurred, including a basaltic plinian eruption in 122 BC. However, the historical period lacks of detailed investigation on the Etna pyroclastic succession, therefore, we focused our research on this period. We started with an accurate field work aimed to the description of the pyroclastic deposits cropping out prevalently on the NE flank of the volcano. This tephra succession is characterized by alternations of ash layers, scoriaceous lapilli rich horizons and varicoloured tuffs attributed to a phreatomagmatic activity. Several yellowish volcanoclastic horizons, sometimes rich in charcoal, separate the tephra layers, indicating non-eruptive periods between the eruptions. We compiled 7 tephrostratigraphic sections having as common base the marker bed “FG” of the 122 BC plinian eruption and we collected 62 tephra samples and 7 charcoals for laboratories analysis. In particular, grainsize, component, chemical and petrographic analysis were carried out on tephra samples, whereas the charcoals were sent to Beta Analytics, Miami, for 14C radiometric analysis. The whole data set permitted us to correlate the tephra layers and to recognised 16 tephrostratigraphic units. The integration of the radiometric data with historical chronicles regarding the past activity of Etna, allow us to attribute some tephrostratigraphic units to 7 Etna historic eruptions whose distal deposit had never been found before. These eruptions could be considered as belonging to class B of Branca and Del Carlo (2005), characterised by prevalent intense explosive activity producing copious tephra fallouts, as happened during the 2001 and 2002-2003 eruptive events.214 395 - PublicationRestrictedThe Mt. Moio eruption (Etna): Stratigraphy, petrochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar age determination with inferences on the relationship between structural setting and magma intrusion(2012-10-01)
; ; ; ; ; ;Del Carlo, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Branca, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;De Beni, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lo Castro, M. D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Wijbrans, J. R.; Faculteit Aard-en Levenswetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ; ; ; Mt. Moio is the most peripheral scoria cone of Etna volcano and rises above the Peloritani Mountains sedimentary basement, 18 km north of the volcano summit. Geological and tephrostratigraphic studies and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations were used to characterize the eruption and constrain its occurrence to ~ 29 ka ago, during the activity of the Ellittico volcano, the volcanic edifice active before the actual one, the Mongibello volcano. The Mt. Moio eruption formed a large scoria cone and a widespread tephra fallout deposit, indicating that vigorous explosive activity produced an eruptive plume; minor effusive activity produced a small lava flow at the end of the eruption. Geochemical data indicate that the composition of erupted magma became less evolved during the eruption (mugearite → basalt–hawaiite); thus Mt. Moio deposits have been divided into Lower and Upper Sequences characterized by similar depositional facies. Based on the classification of Etna flank eruptions available in the literature, Mt. Moio can be classed as an eccentric (sensu Rittmann) and Class B eruption. Historic flank eruptions (e.g. 1669, 1763, 2001, 2002–03) formed deposits that are petrochemically and stratigraphically similar to those of Mt. Moio. The general trend of the Mt. Moio eruptive fissure corresponds to that of extensional neotectonic lineaments in the Apenninic–Maghrebian Chain, indicating that the structure of the basement played a role in controlling the ascent of the volatile-rich magma during Ellittico volcano activity.657 34 - PublicationRestrictedSEM-based methods for the analysis of basaltic ash from weak explosive activity at Etna in 2006 and the 2007 eruptive crisis at Stromboli(2012)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Lautze, N. C.; University of Hawaii, Manoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, United States ;Taddeucci, J.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Andronico, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Cannata, C.; Univerista della Calabria, Italy ;Tornetta, L.; University of Hawaii, Manoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, United States ;Scarlato, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Houghton, B.; University of Hawaii, Manoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, United States ;Lo Castro, M. D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; We present results from a semi-automated field-emission scanning electron microscope investigation of basaltic ash from a variety of eruptive processes that occurred at Mount Etna volcano in 2006 and at Stromboli volcano in 2007. From a methodological perspective, the proposed techniques provide relatively fast (about 4 h per sample) information on the size distribution, morphology, and surface chemistry of several hundred ash particles. Particle morphology is characterized by compactness and elongation parameters, and surface chemistry data are shown using ternary plots of the relative abundance of several key elements. The obtained size distributions match well those obtained by an independent technique. The surface chemistry data efficiently characterize the chemical composition, type and abundance of crystals, and dominant alteration phases in the ash samples. From a volcanological perspective, the analyzed samples cover a wide spectrum of relatively minor ash-forming eruptive activity, including weak Hawaiian fountaining at Etna, and lava-sea water interaction, weak Strombolian explosions, vent clearing activity, and a paroxysm during the 2007 eruptive crisis at Stromboli. This study outlines subtle chemical and morphological differences in the ash deposited at different locations during the Etna event, and variable alteration patterns in the surface chemistry of the Stromboli samples specific to each eruptive activity. Overall, we show this method to be effective in quantifying the main features of volcanic ash particles from the relatively weak – and yet frequent – explosive activity occurring at basaltic volcanoes.169 25 - PublicationOpen AccessContributo sull’attività esplosiva dell’8 aprile 2010 all’Etna(2010-04)
; ; ;Andronico, Daniele; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lo Castro, Maria Deborah; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; 304 65
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