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Corsaro, Rosa Anna
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Corsaro, Rosa Anna
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rosanna.corsaro@ingv.it
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- PublicationRestrictedThe 1974 flank eruption of Mount Etna: An archetype for deep dike-fed eruptions at basaltic volcanoes and a milestone in Etna's recent history(2009)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Corsaro, R. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Métrich, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Allard, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Andronico, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Miraglia, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Fourmentraux, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; The 1974 western flank eruption of Mount Etna produced a rare, nearly aphyric and plagioclase-free trachybasalt that could not be derived from the central volcano conduits and was more alkaline and more radiogenic than all previous historical lavas. New results for the petrochemistry and volatile content of its products, combined with contemporaneous seismic and volcanological observations, allow us to reinterpret the origin and significance of this event. We show that the eruption was most likely triggered by deep tectonic fracturing that allowed a dike-like intrusion to propagate in 9 days from 11 km depth up to the surface, bypassing the central conduits. Relatively fast, closed system decompression of the volatile-rich magma initially led to lava fountaining and the rapid growth of two pyroclastic cones (Mounts De Fiore), followed by Strombolian activity and the extrusion of viscous lava flows when gas-melt separation developed in the upper portion of the feeding fracture. The 1974 trachybasalt geochemistry indicates its derivation by mixing 25% of preexisting K-poor magma (best represented by 1763 La Montagnola eruption’s products) and 75% of a new K-rich feeding magma that was gradually invading Mount Etna’s plumbing system and became directly extruded during two violent flank eruptions in 2001–2003. We propose to classify 1974-type so-called ‘‘eccentric’’ eruptions on Etna as deep dike-fed (DDF) eruptions, as opposed to more common central conduit-fed flank eruptions, in order to highlight their actual origin rather than their topographic location. We ultimately discuss the possible precursors of such DDF eruptions.260 39 - PublicationRestricted40Ar/39Ar geochronology of Holocene basalts; examples from Stromboli, Italy(2011)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Wijbrans, J. ;Schneider, B. ;Kuiper, K. ;Calvari, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Branca, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;De Beni, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Norini, G. ;Corsaro, R. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Miraglia, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ; ; ;; ; ; ;; Absolute chronologies of active volcanoes and consequently timescales for eruptive behaviour and magma production form a quantitative basis for understanding the risk of volcanoes. Surprisingly, the youngest records in the geological timescale often prove to be the most elusive when it comes to isotopic dating. Absolute Holocene volcanic records almost exclusively rely on 14C ages measured on fossil wood or other forms of biogenic carbon. However, on volcanic flanks, fossil carbon is often not preserved, and of uncertain origin when present in paleosols. Also, low 14C-volcanic CO2 may have mixed with atmospheric and soil 14C-CO2, potentially causing biased ages. Even when reliable data are available, it is important to have independent corroboration of inferred chronologies as can be obtained in principle using the 40K/40Ar decay system. Here we present results of a 40Ar/39Ar dating study of basaltic groundmass in the products from the Pleistocene e Holocene boundary until the beginning of the historic era for the north-northeastern flank of Stromboli, Aeolian Islands, Italy, identifying a short phase of intensified flank effusive activity 7500 500 a ago, and a maximum age of 4000 900 a for the last flank collapse event that might have caused the formation of the Sciara del Fuoco depression. We expect that under optimum conditions 40Ar/39Ar dating of basaltic groundmass samples can be used more widely for dating Holocene volcanic events.504 24 - PublicationRestrictedEtna 2004–2005: An archetype for geodynamically-controlled effusive eruptions(2005-05-12)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Burton, M. R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Andronico, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Branca, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Caltabiano, T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Calvari, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Corsaro, R. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Del Carlo, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lanzafame, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lodato, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Miraglia, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Salerno, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Spampinato, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The 2004–05 eruption of Etna was characterised by outpouring of degassed lava from two vents within Valle del Bove. After three months of eruption lava volumes were estimated to be between 18.5 and 32 × 106 m3, with eruption rate between 2.3 and 4.1 m3/s. Petrological analyses show that magma is resident in the shallow plumbing system, emplaced during the last South-East Crater activity. SO2 flux data show no increase at the onset of the eruption and SO2/HCl ratios in gas emitted from the eruptive fissure are consistent with a degassed magma. No seismic activity was recorded prior to eruption, unlike eruptions observed since the 1980's. The purely effusive nature of this eruption, fed by a degassed, resident magma and the fracture dynamics suggest that magmatic overpressure played a limited role in this eruption. Rather, lateral spreading of Etna's eastern flank combined with general inflation of the edifice triggered a geodynamically-controlled eruption.409 116 - PublicationOpen AccessLa condivisione di esperienza e conoscenza nel percorso formativo dei Turnisti dell’Osservatorio Etneo(2020-12)
; ; ; ; ; Nel quadro delle attività del WP4 “Formazione del personale delle Sale Operative” del progetto “S.O.I.R. monitoraggio futuro” sono stati progettati e realizzati dei corsi di formazione per il Personale Turnista della Sala Operativa dell’Osservatorio Etneo (OE), il cui scopo è stato fondamentalmente quello di: i) migliorare le conoscenze necessarie ad ottimizzare le procedure di Sala, ii) standardizzare le procedure, iii) incrementare l’interazione tra le sale (OE, ONT e OV) dell’INGV. L’obiettivo principale del corso di formazione è stato quello di uniformare le conoscenze di base del personale, necessarie allo svolgimento dei turni nella Sala Operativa dell’OE, attraverso la condivisione di conoscenze ed esperienze. I corsi, obbligatori per tutto il Personale Turnista, sono stati articolati in lezioni frontali ed esercitazioni su tematiche connesse con le attività di sorveglianza che si svolgono nella Sala Operativa OE e si sono conclusi con una verifica dell’apprendimento finalizzata ad accertare il possesso delle conoscenze necessarie per l’espletamento dei turni di sorveglianza. Al termine di questa fase di omogeneizzazione della formazione del Personale Turnista, svolta nell’ambito del Progetto, i corsi avranno carattere permanente e saranno svolti con cadenza almeno annuale per la formazione di nuovo personale e l’aggiornamento di quello già in turnazione.754 18 - PublicationRestrictedA two-component mantle source feeding Mt. Etna magmatism: Insights from the geochemistry of primitive magmas(2014-01)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Correale, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Paonita, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Martelli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Rizzo, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Rotolo, S. G.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università degli Studi di Palermo ;Corsaro, R. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Di Renzo, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; Themajor elements, trace elements and Sr and Nd isotopes of selected Etnean primitive rocks (b15 ky BP) were studied in order to characterize their mantle source. The noble-gas geochemistry of fluid inclusions in minerals fromthe same lavaswas also investigated. Themajor element compositions ofwhole rocks and minerals showed that these products are among the most primitive atMt. Etna, comprising 6.3–17.5 wt.% MgO. The variable LREE (Light Rare Earth Elements) enrichment relative to MORB (Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt) (Lan/Ybn = 11–26), togetherwith the patterns of certain trace-element ratios (i.e., Ce/Yb versus Zr/Nb and Th/Y versus La/Yb), can be attributed to varying degrees of melting of a common mantle source. Numerical simulations performed with the MELTS program allowed the melting percentages associated with each product to be estimated. This led us to recalculate the hypothetical parental trace-element content of the Etneanmantle source, whichwas common to all of the investigated rocks. The characteristics of the Sr, Nd and He isotopes confirmed the primitive nature of the rocks,with themost-depleted and primitive lava being that ofMt. Spagnolo (SPA; 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512908 87Sr/ 86Sr = 0.703317–0.703325 and 3He/4He = 7.6 Ra), and highlighted the similarity of the mantle sources feeding the volcanic activity of Mt. Etna and the Hyblean Plateau (a region to the south of Mt. Etna and characterized by oldermagmatismthan Mt. Etna). The coupling of noble gases and trace elements suggests an origin for the investigated Etnean lavas from melting of a Hyblean-like mantle, consisting of a two-component source where a peridotitic matrix is veined by 10% pyroxenite. A variable degree of mantle contamination by crustal-like fluids, probably related to subduction, is proposed to explain the higher Sr-isotope and lowerNd-isotope values in some rocks (143Nd/144Nd up to 0.512865 and 87Sr/86Sr up to 0.703707). This process probably occurred in the source prior tomagma generation, refertilizing some portions of themantle. Accordingly, the estimated degree of melting responsible for each magma appears to be related to its 87Sr/86Sr enrichment. In contrast, the decoupling between 3He/4He and 87Sr/86Sr ratios requires the occurrence in the crustal reservoirs of further processes capable of shifting the He isotope ratio towards slightly more radiogenic values, such as magma aging or a contribution of shallow fluid. Therefore, different residence times in the Etnean reservoir and/or various rates of magma ascent could be key parameters for preserving the original He isotope marker of the Etnean mantle source.734 58 - PublicationRestrictedThe 1669 eruption at Mount Etna: chronology, petrology and geochemistry, with inferences on the magma sources and ascent mechanism(1996)
; ; ; ;Corsaro, R. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Cristofolini, R.; Catania University ;Patanè, L.; Catania University; ; Analysis of the petrochemical characters of the 1669 Etnean lavas shows that they can be grouped into two sets: SET1 lavas were erupted from 11 to 20 March and are more primitive in composition than SET2, erupted later until the end of activity. Both sets may be interpreted as the result of crystallization under different conditions of two primary magmas which are compositionally slightly distinct and which fractionate different volumetric proportions of minerals. To explain why more mafic lavas (SET1) were erupted earlier than more acid ones (SET2), we argue that new deeper magma rose up into a reservoir where residing magma was fractionating. Density calculations demonstrate that new magma is less dense and may originate a plume, rapidly rising through the residing magma which is cooler and more volatile-depleted than the new magma. Calculations of uprise velocity assuminglaminar flow are consistent with this hypothesis261 72 - PublicationOpen AccessRelationship between magmatic processes in the plumbing system of Mt. Etna and the dynamic of the eastern flank: inferences from the petrologic study of the products erupted from 1995 to 2005(2010-07-06)
; ;Civetta, Lucia; ; ;Métrich, Nicole; ;Corsaro, Rosa Anna; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Civetta, Lucia; Università di Napoli Federico II ;Di Renzo, Valeria; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Distefano, Salvatore; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Métrich, Nicole; Laboratoire Pierre Sue, CEA-CNRS ;Miraglia, Lucia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ;Università di Napoli Federico II; ; ;Laboratoire Pierre Sue, CEA-CNRSThe Team 4 of RU 11 collected, analyzed and interpreted a set of volcanological and petrologic data (petrography, mineral chemistry, major, trace elements, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions and melt inclusions in olivine), concerning the activity and the products erupted by the four summit craters (South-East, North-East, Bocca Nuova and Voragine) of Mt. Etna from 1995 to 2001 and integrated them with petrologic data already available in literature for the flank eruptions occurring from 2001 to 2005.The results of this activity allowed: i) to identify the compositional features of the magmas stored within the shallow (< 5 km b.s.l.) and deep portion (> 5 km b.s.l.) of Mt. Etna plumbing system; ii) to identify and quantify the main magmatic processes (e.g. fractional crystallization, mixing) there occurring; iii) to better constrain the geometry (shape and depth) of Mt. Etna shallow storage zones; iv) to correlate the time related sequence of compositional data with other datasets; v) to infer if a relationship exists between the magmatic processes in the plumbing system of Mt. Etna and the dynamic of the eastern flank.176 47 - PublicationRestrictedCoupled textural and compositional characterization of basaltic scoria: insights into the transition from Strombolian to fire fountain activity at Mount Etna(2006-03)
; ; ; ;Polacci, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Corsaro, R. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Andronico, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; Strombolian and fire fountain activities represent a common expression of explosive basaltic eruptions. However, the transition between these two eruptive styles and their source mechanisms are still debated. We use textural and compositional studies to characterize pyroclastic material from both the Strombolian and Hawaiian-style fire fountain phases of the January–June 2000 Etna activity. We find that basaltic scoria presents distinctive textural and compositional features that reflect different modes of magma vesiculation and crystallization in the two eruptive regimes. Overall, magma that forms Strombolian scoria is far more crystallized, less vesicular, and more evolved, indicating strong volatile depletion and longer residence time before being erupted. Fire fountain scoria indicates a fast-rising magma with evidence of moderate syneruptive volatile exsolution. The new textural and compositional data set is integrated with previous volcanological and geophysical investigations to provide further insights into the dynamics of fire fountains, and to frame the transition from Strombolian explosions to fire fountain activity into a model that may apply to future eruptions at Mount Etna as well as other active basaltic volcanoes.324 39 - PublicationOpen AccessLava fountaining activity: the Collapsing Foam Layer Model applied to the 2000 – 2013 South-East Crater eruptive period (Mt. Etna, Italy)(2019-09-16)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Basaltic volcanoes constitute a big portion of the active volcanoes worldwide and their explosive activity, generally accompanied by eruptive columns formation and pyroclastic fallouts, produced, in the last decades, several damages on human’s life with great economical and aviation impact (Scollo et al., 2009; Bonaccorso et al., 2011). Is therefore not surprising the flourishing number of studies devoted to the investigation of the link between plumbing system dynamics and eruptive style. Basaltic eruptive activity may range in a widespread spectrum from lava effusion up to rare violent Plinian eruptions. However, the most iconic explosive activities of basaltic volcanoes are represented by Strombolian explosions and lava fountains. From 2000 to 2013 several were the episodic lava fountain eruptions taking place at South-East Crater and New South-East Crater (SEC and NSEC – Mt. Etna, Italy –) and a similar eruptive pattern (with gradual increase in explosivity marked by the passage from strombolian to fountain activity) was observed in almost all explosive events. To justify the onset, periodicity and the transition between the above-mentioned eruptive styles, different hypothesis on the degassing dynamics have been made. Here, we make use of a laboratory volcano, Mt. Etna, to test the validity of these assumptions and to calculate different volcanological parameters (e.g. erupted volume and gas flux in the plumbing system). In particular, we applied the Collapsing Foam layer (CF) model (Jaupart and Vergniolle, 1989) to the episodic lava-fountains eruptions occurred at the SEC-NSEC volcanic system between 2000 and 2013. First, we test the validity of CF model by studying the exceptional series of lava fountains observed in 2000 at SEC, with a multi-parametric approach and by assuming the CF model as the reference source model for this eruption, looking for the best parameters that allows to fit the observed pattern and eruptive behavior (e.g. intermittence time, erupted volume of lavas etc.). Secondly, we apply the CF model to three selected eruptions that took place at Mt. Etna south-eastern vents between 2000 and 2013 (the 2000, 2007-08 and 2011-13 eruptions).79 17