Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/9048
Authors: Meade, F.* 
Troll, V.* 
Ellam, R. M.* 
Freda, C.* 
Font, L.* 
Donaldson, C. H.* 
Klonowska, I.* 
Title: Bimodal magmatism produced by progressively inhibited crustal assimilation
Journal: Nature Communications 
Series/Report no.: /5 (2014)
Publisher: 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited
Issue Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5199
Keywords: Bimodal magmatism
crustal contamination
isotope geochemistry
experimental petrology
Subject Classification04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry 
Abstract: The origin of bimodal (mafic–felsic) rock suites is a fundamental question in volcanology. Here we use major and trace elements, high-resolution Sr, Nd and Pb isotope analyses, experimental petrology and thermodynamic modelling to investigate bimodal magmatism at the iconic Carlingford Igneous Centre, Ireland. We show that early microgranites are the result of extensive assimilation of trace element-enriched partial melts of local metasiltstones into mafic parent magmas. Melting experiments reveal the crust is very fusible, but thermodynamic modelling indicates repeated heating events rapidly lower its melt-production capacity. Granite generation ceased once enriched partial melts could no longer form and subsequent magmatism incorporated less fertile restite compositions only, producing mafic intrusions and a pronounced compositional gap. Considering the frequency of bimodal magma suites in the North Atlantic Igneous Province, and the ubiquity of suitable crustal compositions, we propose ‘progressively inhibited crustal assimilation’ (PICA) as a major cause of bimodality in continental volcanism.
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