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Thirty years of precise gravity measurements at Mt. Vesuvius: an approach to detect underground mass movements
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
4/56(2013)
Pages (printed)
S0436
Issued date
November 2013
Abstract
Since 1982, high precision gravity measurements have been routinely carried
out on Mt. Vesuvius. The gravity network consists of selected sites
most of them coinciding with, or very close to, leveling benchmarks to remove
the effect of the elevation changes from gravity variations. The reference
station is located in Napoli, outside the volcanic area. Since 1986,
absolute gravity measurements have been periodically made on a station
on Mt. Vesuvius, close to a permanent gravity station established in 1987,
and at the reference in Napoli. The results of the gravity measurements
since 1982 are presented and discussed. Moderate gravity changes on
short-time were generally observed. On long-term significant gravity
changes occurred and the overall fields displayed well defined patterns.
Several periods of evolution may be recognized. Gravity changes revealed
by the relative surveys have been confirmed by repeated absolute measurements,
which also confirmed the long-term stability of the reference
site. The gravity changes over the recognized periods appear correlated
with the seismic crises and with changes of the tidal parameters obtained
by continuous measurements. The absence of significant ground deformation
implies masses redistribution, essentially density changes without
significant volume changes, such as fluids migration at the depth of
the seismic foci, i.e. at a few kilometers. The fluid migration may occur
through pre-existing geological structures, as also suggested by hydrological
studies, and/or through new fractures generated by seismic activity.
This interpretation is supported by the analyses of the spatial gravity
changes overlapping the most significant and recent seismic crises.
out on Mt. Vesuvius. The gravity network consists of selected sites
most of them coinciding with, or very close to, leveling benchmarks to remove
the effect of the elevation changes from gravity variations. The reference
station is located in Napoli, outside the volcanic area. Since 1986,
absolute gravity measurements have been periodically made on a station
on Mt. Vesuvius, close to a permanent gravity station established in 1987,
and at the reference in Napoli. The results of the gravity measurements
since 1982 are presented and discussed. Moderate gravity changes on
short-time were generally observed. On long-term significant gravity
changes occurred and the overall fields displayed well defined patterns.
Several periods of evolution may be recognized. Gravity changes revealed
by the relative surveys have been confirmed by repeated absolute measurements,
which also confirmed the long-term stability of the reference
site. The gravity changes over the recognized periods appear correlated
with the seismic crises and with changes of the tidal parameters obtained
by continuous measurements. The absence of significant ground deformation
implies masses redistribution, essentially density changes without
significant volume changes, such as fluids migration at the depth of
the seismic foci, i.e. at a few kilometers. The fluid migration may occur
through pre-existing geological structures, as also suggested by hydrological
studies, and/or through new fractures generated by seismic activity.
This interpretation is supported by the analyses of the spatial gravity
changes overlapping the most significant and recent seismic crises.
References
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Becker, M., B. Bernard., Y. Boulanger, G. Corrado., J.
Faller., J. Fried, E. Groten, H. Hanada, K. Lindner, B.
Meurers, G. Peter, R. Roder, D. Ruess and B. Toro
(1990). Relative gravity measurements at the 3rd International
Comparison of Absolute gravimeters,
In: Bureau Gravimetrique International, Bull. D’Information,
67 (December), 152-160.
Becker, M., L. Balestri, L. Bartell, G. Berrino, S. Bonvalot,
G. Csapò, M. Diament, V. d’Errico, C. Gagnon,
C. Gerstenecker, P. Jousset, A. Kopaev, J. Liard, I.
Marson, B. Meures, I. Nowak, S. Nakai, F. Rehren,
B. Richter, M. Schnüll, A. Somerhausen, W. Spita,
G. Szatmari, M. van Ruymbeke, H.G. Wenzel, H.
Wilmes, M. Zucchi and W. Zürn (1995). Microgravimetric
measurements at the 1994 International
Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters, Metrologia,
32, 145-152.
Becker, M., G. Berrino, A.G. Camacho, R. Falk, O. Francis,
J.E. Friederich, C. Gagnon, C. Gerstenecker, G.
Läufer, J. Liard, B. Meures, F.J. Navarro, I. Nowak, F.
Rehren, U. Riccardi, B. Richter, M. Schnüll, D.
Stizza, M. van Ruymbeke, P. Vauterin and H.
Wilmes (2000). Results of relative gravimeter measurements
at the ICAG97 intercomparison, Bureau
Gravim. Int. Bull. d’Inf., 85, 61-72.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado, A. Lo Bascio and G. Luongo
(1985). Variazioni di gravità nell’area vulcanica
napoletana (Campi Flegrei, Ischia e Vesuvio) 1981-
1985, Proc. of the IV Meeting of Gruppo Nazionale
Geofisica della Terra Solida (CNR), 685-695.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado and G. Luongo (1991). Indagini
gravimetriche a mare nelle aree vulcaniche napoletane,
In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting
of the Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra
Solida, 763-775.
Berrino, G., U. Coppa, G. De Natale and F. Pingue
(1993). Recent geophysical investigation at Somma-
Vesuvius volcanic complex, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 53, 11-26.
Berrino, G. (1995). Absolute gravimetry and gradiometry
on active volcanoes of Southern Italy, Bollettino
di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, 37 (146),
131-144.
Berrino, G., I. Marson, L. Orlando, L. Balestri, R. Balia,
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Cesi, M. Ciminale, M., Crespi, P. De Maria, F. Ferri,
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Rete gravimetrica Italiana di ordine zero. Stato di
avanzamento, In: Proceedings of the 14th annual
meeting of the Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della
Terra Solida, 453-460.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado, R. Magliulo and U. Riccardi
(1997). Continuous record of the gravity changes at
Mt. Vesuvius, Annali di Geofisica, 40, 1019-1028.
Berrino, G. (1998). Detection of vertical ground movements
by sea-level changes in the Neapolitan volcanoes,
Tectonophysics, 294, 323-332.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado and U. Riccardi (1998). Sea
gravity data in the Gulf of Naples: a contribution to
delineating the structural pattern of the Vesuvian
area, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82, 139-150.
Berrino, G., G. Cerutti, G. Corrado, P. De Maria and U.
Riccardi (1999). Gravity studies on active Italian volcanoes:
a comparison between absolute and relative
gravimetry, Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata,
40 (3-4), 497-510.
Berrino, G. (2000). Combined gravimetry in the observation
of volcanic processes in Southern Italy, J. Geodynamics,
30, 371-388.
Berrino, G., and U. Riccardi (2000). Non-stationary
components of the gravity field at Mt. Vesuvius
(Southern Italy): correlations with different aspects
of its present-day dynamics, Comptes Rendus of
88th Journées Luxembourgeoises de Géodynamique
( JLG) Munsbach, 32-37.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado, R. Magliulo and U. Riccardi
(2000). Continuous gravity record at Mount Vesuvius:
a tool to monitor its dynamics, Physics and
Chemistry of the Earth Part A, 25 (9-11), 713-717.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado and U. Riccardi (2006). On the
capability of recording gravity stations to detect signals
coming from volcanic activity: the case of Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 150, 270-282.
Berrino, G., and A. Camacho (2008). 3D gravity inver-
GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS AT MT. VESUVIUS
sion by growing bodies and shaping layers at Mt. Vesiuvius
(Southern Italy), Pure Appl. Geophys., 165,
1095-1115.
Bianco, F., M. Castellano, G. Milano, G. Vilardo, F. Ferrucci
and S. Gresta (1999). The seismic crisis at Mt.
Vesuvius during 1995 and 1996, Phys. Chem. Earth,
24, 977-983.
Bruno, P.P.G., G. Cippitelli and A. Rapolla (1998). Seismic
study of the Mesozoic carbonate basement
around Mt. Somma-Vesuvius, Italy. J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 84, 311-322.
Cassano, E., and P. La Torre (1987). Geophysics, In: R.
Santacroce (ed.), Somma-Vesuvius, Quaderni de
“La Ricerca Scientifica”, CNR, 114, 175-196.
Celico, P. (1982). Idrologia dell’Italia meridionale: Campania,
Molise, Lazio e Abruzzo. Cassa del Mezzogiorno,
190-194.
Celico, P., D. Stanzione, L. Esposito, M.R. Ghiara, V.
Piscopo, S. Caliro and P. La Gioia (1998). Caratterizzazione
idrologica e idrogeochimica dell’area
vesuviana, Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 117, 3-20.
Chiodini, G., L. Marini and M. Russo (2001). Geochemical
evidence for the existence of high-temperature
hydrothermal brines at Vesuvio volcano,
Italy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65-13,
2129-2147.
Cortini, M.R., and P. Scandone (1982). The feeding system
of Vesuvius between 1754 and 1944, Journ.
Volc. Geoth. Res., 12, 393-400.
D’Agostino, G., S. Desogus, A. Germak, C. Origlia, D.
Quagliotti, G. Berrino, G. Corrado, V. d’Errico and
G. Ricciardi (2008). The new IMGC-02 transportable
absolute gravimeter: measurement apparatus and
application in geophysics and volcanology, Annals
of Geophysics, 51 (1), 39-49.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco and G. Saccorotti (2004). Seismic
source dynamics at Vesuvius volcano, Italy. J.
Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 133, 23-29.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi and C.
Chiarabba (2004). Seismicity and 3-D substructure
at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: evidence for magma
quenching, Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
221, 181-196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S.
Piscitelli and A. Siniscalchi (1998). Electric and electromagnetic
outline of the Mount Somma-Vesuvius
structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 33,
201-216.
Fedi, M., G. Florio and A. Rapolla (1998). 2.5 D modelling
of Somma-Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic
data, J. Volcanol. Geoterm. Res., 82, 239-247.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli, (1974). Esplorazione di sismica
a riflessione nei Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli,
Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl., 16, 62-63.
Iannaccone, G., G. Alessio, G. Borriello, P. Cusano, S.
Petrosino, P. Ricciolino, G. Talarico and V. Torello
(2001). Characteristics of the seismicity of Vesuvius
and Campi Flegrei during the year 2000, Annali di
Geofisica, 44 (5-6), 1075-1091.
Imbò, G., V. Bonasia and A. Lo Bascio (1964). Marea
gravimetrica all’Osservatorio Vesuviano, Annali dell’Osservatorio
Vesuviano, 5, S6, 161-184.
Imbò, G., V. Bonasia and A., Lo Bascio (1965a). Variazioni
della marea della crosta all’Osservatorio Vesuviano,
Annali dell’Osservatorio Vesuviano, 7, S6,
181-198.
Imbò, G., L. Casertano and V. Bonasia (1965b). Considerazioni
sismo-gravimetriche sulle manifesta-zioni
vesuviane del Maggio 1964, Proc. XIV Convegno
Nazionale Associazione Geofisica Italiana, 291-300.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G.P.
Ricciardi, S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue and C.
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deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 29 (9); doi:10.1029/ 2001GL014571.
Longman, I.M. (1959). Formulas for computing the
tidal acceleration due to the Moon and the Sun, J.
Geophys. Res., 64 (12), 2351-2355.
Manzella,A., G. Volpi, A. Zaja and M. Meju (2004).
Combined TEM-MT investigation of shallow-depth
resistivity structure of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 131, 19-32.
Marzocchi, W., R. Scandone and M.F. Sheridan (1993).
The tectonic setting of Mount Vesuvius and the correlation
between its eruptions and earthquakes of
the Southern Appennines, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 58, 27-41.
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Becker, M., B. Bernard., Y. Boulanger, G. Corrado., J.
Faller., J. Fried, E. Groten, H. Hanada, K. Lindner, B.
Meurers, G. Peter, R. Roder, D. Ruess and B. Toro
(1990). Relative gravity measurements at the 3rd International
Comparison of Absolute gravimeters,
In: Bureau Gravimetrique International, Bull. D’Information,
67 (December), 152-160.
Becker, M., L. Balestri, L. Bartell, G. Berrino, S. Bonvalot,
G. Csapò, M. Diament, V. d’Errico, C. Gagnon,
C. Gerstenecker, P. Jousset, A. Kopaev, J. Liard, I.
Marson, B. Meures, I. Nowak, S. Nakai, F. Rehren,
B. Richter, M. Schnüll, A. Somerhausen, W. Spita,
G. Szatmari, M. van Ruymbeke, H.G. Wenzel, H.
Wilmes, M. Zucchi and W. Zürn (1995). Microgravimetric
measurements at the 1994 International
Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters, Metrologia,
32, 145-152.
Becker, M., G. Berrino, A.G. Camacho, R. Falk, O. Francis,
J.E. Friederich, C. Gagnon, C. Gerstenecker, G.
Läufer, J. Liard, B. Meures, F.J. Navarro, I. Nowak, F.
Rehren, U. Riccardi, B. Richter, M. Schnüll, D.
Stizza, M. van Ruymbeke, P. Vauterin and H.
Wilmes (2000). Results of relative gravimeter measurements
at the ICAG97 intercomparison, Bureau
Gravim. Int. Bull. d’Inf., 85, 61-72.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado, A. Lo Bascio and G. Luongo
(1985). Variazioni di gravità nell’area vulcanica
napoletana (Campi Flegrei, Ischia e Vesuvio) 1981-
1985, Proc. of the IV Meeting of Gruppo Nazionale
Geofisica della Terra Solida (CNR), 685-695.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado and G. Luongo (1991). Indagini
gravimetriche a mare nelle aree vulcaniche napoletane,
In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting
of the Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra
Solida, 763-775.
Berrino, G., U. Coppa, G. De Natale and F. Pingue
(1993). Recent geophysical investigation at Somma-
Vesuvius volcanic complex, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 53, 11-26.
Berrino, G. (1995). Absolute gravimetry and gradiometry
on active volcanoes of Southern Italy, Bollettino
di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, 37 (146),
131-144.
Berrino, G., I. Marson, L. Orlando, L. Balestri, R. Balia,
L. Bonci, E. Bozzo, M.T. Carrozzo, G. Cerutti, C.
Cesi, M. Ciminale, M., Crespi, P. De Maria, F. Ferri,
M. Loddo, D. Luzio, E. Pinna and A. Rossi (1995).
Rete gravimetrica Italiana di ordine zero. Stato di
avanzamento, In: Proceedings of the 14th annual
meeting of the Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della
Terra Solida, 453-460.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado, R. Magliulo and U. Riccardi
(1997). Continuous record of the gravity changes at
Mt. Vesuvius, Annali di Geofisica, 40, 1019-1028.
Berrino, G. (1998). Detection of vertical ground movements
by sea-level changes in the Neapolitan volcanoes,
Tectonophysics, 294, 323-332.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado and U. Riccardi (1998). Sea
gravity data in the Gulf of Naples: a contribution to
delineating the structural pattern of the Vesuvian
area, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82, 139-150.
Berrino, G., G. Cerutti, G. Corrado, P. De Maria and U.
Riccardi (1999). Gravity studies on active Italian volcanoes:
a comparison between absolute and relative
gravimetry, Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata,
40 (3-4), 497-510.
Berrino, G. (2000). Combined gravimetry in the observation
of volcanic processes in Southern Italy, J. Geodynamics,
30, 371-388.
Berrino, G., and U. Riccardi (2000). Non-stationary
components of the gravity field at Mt. Vesuvius
(Southern Italy): correlations with different aspects
of its present-day dynamics, Comptes Rendus of
88th Journées Luxembourgeoises de Géodynamique
( JLG) Munsbach, 32-37.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado, R. Magliulo and U. Riccardi
(2000). Continuous gravity record at Mount Vesuvius:
a tool to monitor its dynamics, Physics and
Chemistry of the Earth Part A, 25 (9-11), 713-717.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado and U. Riccardi (2006). On the
capability of recording gravity stations to detect signals
coming from volcanic activity: the case of Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 150, 270-282.
Berrino, G., and A. Camacho (2008). 3D gravity inver-
GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS AT MT. VESUVIUS
sion by growing bodies and shaping layers at Mt. Vesiuvius
(Southern Italy), Pure Appl. Geophys., 165,
1095-1115.
Bianco, F., M. Castellano, G. Milano, G. Vilardo, F. Ferrucci
and S. Gresta (1999). The seismic crisis at Mt.
Vesuvius during 1995 and 1996, Phys. Chem. Earth,
24, 977-983.
Bruno, P.P.G., G. Cippitelli and A. Rapolla (1998). Seismic
study of the Mesozoic carbonate basement
around Mt. Somma-Vesuvius, Italy. J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 84, 311-322.
Cassano, E., and P. La Torre (1987). Geophysics, In: R.
Santacroce (ed.), Somma-Vesuvius, Quaderni de
“La Ricerca Scientifica”, CNR, 114, 175-196.
Celico, P. (1982). Idrologia dell’Italia meridionale: Campania,
Molise, Lazio e Abruzzo. Cassa del Mezzogiorno,
190-194.
Celico, P., D. Stanzione, L. Esposito, M.R. Ghiara, V.
Piscopo, S. Caliro and P. La Gioia (1998). Caratterizzazione
idrologica e idrogeochimica dell’area
vesuviana, Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 117, 3-20.
Chiodini, G., L. Marini and M. Russo (2001). Geochemical
evidence for the existence of high-temperature
hydrothermal brines at Vesuvio volcano,
Italy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65-13,
2129-2147.
Cortini, M.R., and P. Scandone (1982). The feeding system
of Vesuvius between 1754 and 1944, Journ.
Volc. Geoth. Res., 12, 393-400.
D’Agostino, G., S. Desogus, A. Germak, C. Origlia, D.
Quagliotti, G. Berrino, G. Corrado, V. d’Errico and
G. Ricciardi (2008). The new IMGC-02 transportable
absolute gravimeter: measurement apparatus and
application in geophysics and volcanology, Annals
of Geophysics, 51 (1), 39-49.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco and G. Saccorotti (2004). Seismic
source dynamics at Vesuvius volcano, Italy. J.
Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 133, 23-29.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi and C.
Chiarabba (2004). Seismicity and 3-D substructure
at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: evidence for magma
quenching, Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
221, 181-196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S.
Piscitelli and A. Siniscalchi (1998). Electric and electromagnetic
outline of the Mount Somma-Vesuvius
structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 33,
201-216.
Fedi, M., G. Florio and A. Rapolla (1998). 2.5 D modelling
of Somma-Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic
data, J. Volcanol. Geoterm. Res., 82, 239-247.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli, (1974). Esplorazione di sismica
a riflessione nei Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli,
Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl., 16, 62-63.
Iannaccone, G., G. Alessio, G. Borriello, P. Cusano, S.
Petrosino, P. Ricciolino, G. Talarico and V. Torello
(2001). Characteristics of the seismicity of Vesuvius
and Campi Flegrei during the year 2000, Annali di
Geofisica, 44 (5-6), 1075-1091.
Imbò, G., V. Bonasia and A. Lo Bascio (1964). Marea
gravimetrica all’Osservatorio Vesuviano, Annali dell’Osservatorio
Vesuviano, 5, S6, 161-184.
Imbò, G., V. Bonasia and A., Lo Bascio (1965a). Variazioni
della marea della crosta all’Osservatorio Vesuviano,
Annali dell’Osservatorio Vesuviano, 7, S6,
181-198.
Imbò, G., L. Casertano and V. Bonasia (1965b). Considerazioni
sismo-gravimetriche sulle manifesta-zioni
vesuviane del Maggio 1964, Proc. XIV Convegno
Nazionale Associazione Geofisica Italiana, 291-300.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G.P.
Ricciardi, S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue and C.
Troise (2002). Evidence for a peculiar style of ground
deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 29 (9); doi:10.1029/ 2001GL014571.
Longman, I.M. (1959). Formulas for computing the
tidal acceleration due to the Moon and the Sun, J.
Geophys. Res., 64 (12), 2351-2355.
Manzella,A., G. Volpi, A. Zaja and M. Meju (2004).
Combined TEM-MT investigation of shallow-depth
resistivity structure of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 131, 19-32.
Marzocchi, W., R. Scandone and M.F. Sheridan (1993).
The tectonic setting of Mount Vesuvius and the correlation
between its eruptions and earthquakes of
the Southern Appennines, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 58, 27-41.
Pingue F., G. Berrino, P. Capuano, F. Obrizzo, G. De
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