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IONORT: a Windows software tool to calculate the HF ray tracing in the ionosphere
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/42 (2012)
ISSN
0098-3004
Electronic ISSN
1873-7803
Publisher
Elsevier Science Limited
Pages (printed)
57-63
Issued date
May 2012
Keywords
Abstract
This paper describes an applicative software tool, named IONORT (IONOspheric Ray Tracing), for
calculating a three-dimensional ray tracing of high frequency waves in the ionospheric medium. This
tool runs under Windows operating systems and its friendly graphical user interface facilitates both the
numerical data input/output and the two/three-dimensional visualization of the ray path. In order to
calculate the coordinates of the ray and the three components of the wave vector along the path as
dependent variables, the core of the program solves a system of six first order differential equations, the
group path being the independent variable of integration. IONORT uses a three-dimensional electron
density specification of the ionosphere, as well as geomagnetic field and neutral particles–electrons
collision frequency models having validity in the area of interest.
calculating a three-dimensional ray tracing of high frequency waves in the ionospheric medium. This
tool runs under Windows operating systems and its friendly graphical user interface facilitates both the
numerical data input/output and the two/three-dimensional visualization of the ray path. In order to
calculate the coordinates of the ray and the three components of the wave vector along the path as
dependent variables, the core of the program solves a system of six first order differential equations, the
group path being the independent variable of integration. IONORT uses a three-dimensional electron
density specification of the ionosphere, as well as geomagnetic field and neutral particles–electrons
collision frequency models having validity in the area of interest.
References
Angling, M. J., Khattatov, B., 2006. Comparative study of two assimilative models of the ionosphere, Radio Science, 41, RS5S20, doi:10.1029/2005RS003372.
Bianchi, C., Bianchi, S., 2009. Problema generale del ray-tracing nella propagazione ionosferica – formulazione della ray theory e metodo del ray-tracing. INGV Technical Report N. 104, INGV Printing Office, Rome, Italy, 26 pp. [in Italian].
Bianchi, C., Settimi, A., Azzarone, A., 2010. IONORT - Ionosphere Ray-Tracing (Programma di ray-tracing nel magnetoplasma ionosferico). INGV Technical Report N. 161, INGV Printing Office, Rome, Italy, 20 pp. [in Italian].
Bianchi, C., Settimi, A., Scotto, C., Azzarone, A., Lozito, A., 2011. A method to test HF ray tracing algorithm in the ionosphere by means of the virtual time delay. Advances in Space Research, 48(10), 1600–1605.
Bilitza, D., Reinisch, B.W., 2008. International Reference Ionosphere 2007: Improvements and new parameters. Advances in Space Research, 42(4), 599–609, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.07.048.
Budden, K.G., 1988. The propagation of the radio wave. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 688 pp.
Chapman, S., 1931. The absorption and dissociative or ionizing effect of monochromatic radiation in an atmosphere on a rotating earth, Proceedings of the Physical Society of London, 43 (1), 26-45.
Coleman, C. J., 1998. A ray-tracing formulation and its application to some problems in over-the-horizon radar. Radio Science, 33 (4), 1187-1197.
Croft, T. A., Gregory, L., 1963. A fast, versatile ray-tracing program for IBM 7090 digital computers. Rept. SEL-63-107, TR 82, contract No. 225 (64), Stanford University, Stanford Electronics Laboratories, Office of Naval Research, Advanced Research Projects Agency, Standford, California, USA, 23 pp.
Davies, K., 1990. Ionospheric Radio. Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, UK, 508 pp.
Duziak, W. F., 1961. Three-Dimensional ray trace computer program for electromagnetic wave propagation studies. Technical Report, DASA 1232, RM 61 TMP-32, Santa Barbara, California, USA, 179 pp.
Galkin, I. A., Reinisch, B.W., 2008. The new ARTIST 5 for all Digisondes. Ionosonde Network Advisory Group Bulletin 69, pp. 1–8, IPS Radio and Space Serv., Surry Hills, N. S. W., Australia. [Available at http://www.ips.gov.au/IPSHosted/INAG/web‐69/2008/artist5‐inag.pdf.]
Haselgrove, J., 1955. Ray theory and new method for ray-tracing. Report of the Physical Society Conference, pp. 355-364, The Physical Society, London, UK.
Jones, R. M., Stephenson, J. J., 1975. A versatile three-dimensional ray tracing computer program for radio waves in the ionosphere. OT Report, 75-76, U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Telecommunication, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA, 185 pp.
Nickish, L.J., 2008. Practical application of Haselgrove’s equation for HF systems. Radio Scientific Bulletin URSI N.325, 36-48.
Pezzopane, M., Pietrella, M., Pignatelli, A., Zolesi, B., Cander, L.R., 2011. Assimilation of autoscaled data and regional and local ionospheric models as input sources for real-time 3-D International Reference Ionosphere modeling, Radio Science, 46, RS5009, doi:10.1029/2011RS004697.
Pezzopane, M., Scotto, C., 2007. Automatic scaling of critical frequency foF2 and MUF(3000)F2: A comparison between Autoscala and ARTIST 4.5 on Rome data. Radio Science, 42, RS4003, doi:10.1029/2006RS003581.
Pezzopane, M., Scotto, C., 2008. A method for automatic scaling of F1 critical frequencies from ionograms. Radio Science, 43 , RS2S91, doi:10.1029/2007RS003723.
Pezzopane, M. Scotto, C., 2010. Highlighting the F2 trace on an ionogram to improve Autoscala performance. Computer & Geosciences, 36, 1168-1177, doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2010.01.010.
Press, W.H., Teukolsky, W.T., Vetterling, B.P., Flannery, S.A., 1996. Numerical Recipes in Fortran 90: The Art of Parallel Scientific Computing. Volume 2 of Fortran Numerical Recipes, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, UK.
Reinisch, B.W., Huang, X., 1983. Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms: 3. Processing of bottom side ionograms. Radio Science, 18(3), doi:10.1029/RS018i003p00477.
Scotto, C., 2009. Electron density profile calculation technique for Autoscala ionogram analysis. Advances in Space Research, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2009.04.037.
Weinberg, S., 1962. Eikonal Method in Magnetohydrodynamics. The Physical Review, 126(6), 1899-1909.
Bianchi, C., Bianchi, S., 2009. Problema generale del ray-tracing nella propagazione ionosferica – formulazione della ray theory e metodo del ray-tracing. INGV Technical Report N. 104, INGV Printing Office, Rome, Italy, 26 pp. [in Italian].
Bianchi, C., Settimi, A., Azzarone, A., 2010. IONORT - Ionosphere Ray-Tracing (Programma di ray-tracing nel magnetoplasma ionosferico). INGV Technical Report N. 161, INGV Printing Office, Rome, Italy, 20 pp. [in Italian].
Bianchi, C., Settimi, A., Scotto, C., Azzarone, A., Lozito, A., 2011. A method to test HF ray tracing algorithm in the ionosphere by means of the virtual time delay. Advances in Space Research, 48(10), 1600–1605.
Bilitza, D., Reinisch, B.W., 2008. International Reference Ionosphere 2007: Improvements and new parameters. Advances in Space Research, 42(4), 599–609, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.07.048.
Budden, K.G., 1988. The propagation of the radio wave. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 688 pp.
Chapman, S., 1931. The absorption and dissociative or ionizing effect of monochromatic radiation in an atmosphere on a rotating earth, Proceedings of the Physical Society of London, 43 (1), 26-45.
Coleman, C. J., 1998. A ray-tracing formulation and its application to some problems in over-the-horizon radar. Radio Science, 33 (4), 1187-1197.
Croft, T. A., Gregory, L., 1963. A fast, versatile ray-tracing program for IBM 7090 digital computers. Rept. SEL-63-107, TR 82, contract No. 225 (64), Stanford University, Stanford Electronics Laboratories, Office of Naval Research, Advanced Research Projects Agency, Standford, California, USA, 23 pp.
Davies, K., 1990. Ionospheric Radio. Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, UK, 508 pp.
Duziak, W. F., 1961. Three-Dimensional ray trace computer program for electromagnetic wave propagation studies. Technical Report, DASA 1232, RM 61 TMP-32, Santa Barbara, California, USA, 179 pp.
Galkin, I. A., Reinisch, B.W., 2008. The new ARTIST 5 for all Digisondes. Ionosonde Network Advisory Group Bulletin 69, pp. 1–8, IPS Radio and Space Serv., Surry Hills, N. S. W., Australia. [Available at http://www.ips.gov.au/IPSHosted/INAG/web‐69/2008/artist5‐inag.pdf.]
Haselgrove, J., 1955. Ray theory and new method for ray-tracing. Report of the Physical Society Conference, pp. 355-364, The Physical Society, London, UK.
Jones, R. M., Stephenson, J. J., 1975. A versatile three-dimensional ray tracing computer program for radio waves in the ionosphere. OT Report, 75-76, U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Telecommunication, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA, 185 pp.
Nickish, L.J., 2008. Practical application of Haselgrove’s equation for HF systems. Radio Scientific Bulletin URSI N.325, 36-48.
Pezzopane, M., Pietrella, M., Pignatelli, A., Zolesi, B., Cander, L.R., 2011. Assimilation of autoscaled data and regional and local ionospheric models as input sources for real-time 3-D International Reference Ionosphere modeling, Radio Science, 46, RS5009, doi:10.1029/2011RS004697.
Pezzopane, M., Scotto, C., 2007. Automatic scaling of critical frequency foF2 and MUF(3000)F2: A comparison between Autoscala and ARTIST 4.5 on Rome data. Radio Science, 42, RS4003, doi:10.1029/2006RS003581.
Pezzopane, M., Scotto, C., 2008. A method for automatic scaling of F1 critical frequencies from ionograms. Radio Science, 43 , RS2S91, doi:10.1029/2007RS003723.
Pezzopane, M. Scotto, C., 2010. Highlighting the F2 trace on an ionogram to improve Autoscala performance. Computer & Geosciences, 36, 1168-1177, doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2010.01.010.
Press, W.H., Teukolsky, W.T., Vetterling, B.P., Flannery, S.A., 1996. Numerical Recipes in Fortran 90: The Art of Parallel Scientific Computing. Volume 2 of Fortran Numerical Recipes, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, UK.
Reinisch, B.W., Huang, X., 1983. Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms: 3. Processing of bottom side ionograms. Radio Science, 18(3), doi:10.1029/RS018i003p00477.
Scotto, C., 2009. Electron density profile calculation technique for Autoscala ionogram analysis. Advances in Space Research, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2009.04.037.
Weinberg, S., 1962. Eikonal Method in Magnetohydrodynamics. The Physical Review, 126(6), 1899-1909.
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