Earthquake weak motions and noise measurements unravel significant site amplification effects in the Val d'Agri basin (southern Italy)
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
No
Journal
Issue/vol(year)
/141(2022)
ISSN
2038-1719
Publisher
SGI
Pages (printed)
84-102
Date Issued
2022
Subjects
Abstract
The Val d’Agri basin is one of the areas of highest seismic hazard in Italy. Moreover, widespread residential
buildings with high seismic vulnerability, a water reservoir, and infrastructures related to hydrocarbon exploitation contribute to increasing the local seismic risk. The basin is several kilometers wide, about 400 m deep, and filled by continental, Quaternary sediments. In this paper we analyse earthquake weak ground motions and ambient noise measurements to investigate local site effects.
Data were recorded by eight seismic stations deployed along a 7 km long transect that runs SW-NE across the
central part of the basin. The stations operated for three years. Four stations were installed within the basin, two near its edges, and two outside on limestone outcrops.
Good quality recordings from about eighty local and regional earthquakes (with average distance from the basin 400 km and 40 km respectively, and ML in the 1.2 - 6.5 range) evidence significant ground motion amplification both in the peak values and durations for the basin stations relative to the hard-rock one. Site effects have been investigated by computing: (1) standard spectral ratios with respect to the hard-rock station (H/Hrif), (2) single-station H/V spectral ratios, (3) simplified 1-D and 2-D numerical modelling based on subsurface information.
Earthquake recordings for sites within the basin show: (i) significant ground motion amplifications in a wide
frequency range (0.5-7 Hz), (ii) a dominant low-frequency peak around 0.7 - 1 Hz with amplification factors
between 3 and 7, (iii) secondary peaks around 1.5 Hz and 3 Hz. Single-station techniques confirm a clear peak or bump around 0.6 - 1 Hz that we therefore relate to the fundamental resonance frequency of the sites.
Frequency-time and particle motion analyses performed on earthquake data indicate that the observed ground
motion amplifications cannot be fully explained by simple 1-D propagation effects, so we carried out several
2-D numerical simulations in order to better investigate the basin seismic response. The results evidence a role
played by basin edge effects on the observed ground motion amplifications. Besides, the response of the basin is controlled by lateral heterogeneities between coarse cemented deposits filling the eastern depocenter and
low-velocity softer deposits widespread in the central-western sector.
buildings with high seismic vulnerability, a water reservoir, and infrastructures related to hydrocarbon exploitation contribute to increasing the local seismic risk. The basin is several kilometers wide, about 400 m deep, and filled by continental, Quaternary sediments. In this paper we analyse earthquake weak ground motions and ambient noise measurements to investigate local site effects.
Data were recorded by eight seismic stations deployed along a 7 km long transect that runs SW-NE across the
central part of the basin. The stations operated for three years. Four stations were installed within the basin, two near its edges, and two outside on limestone outcrops.
Good quality recordings from about eighty local and regional earthquakes (with average distance from the basin 400 km and 40 km respectively, and ML in the 1.2 - 6.5 range) evidence significant ground motion amplification both in the peak values and durations for the basin stations relative to the hard-rock one. Site effects have been investigated by computing: (1) standard spectral ratios with respect to the hard-rock station (H/Hrif), (2) single-station H/V spectral ratios, (3) simplified 1-D and 2-D numerical modelling based on subsurface information.
Earthquake recordings for sites within the basin show: (i) significant ground motion amplifications in a wide
frequency range (0.5-7 Hz), (ii) a dominant low-frequency peak around 0.7 - 1 Hz with amplification factors
between 3 and 7, (iii) secondary peaks around 1.5 Hz and 3 Hz. Single-station techniques confirm a clear peak or bump around 0.6 - 1 Hz that we therefore relate to the fundamental resonance frequency of the sites.
Frequency-time and particle motion analyses performed on earthquake data indicate that the observed ground
motion amplifications cannot be fully explained by simple 1-D propagation effects, so we carried out several
2-D numerical simulations in order to better investigate the basin seismic response. The results evidence a role
played by basin edge effects on the observed ground motion amplifications. Besides, the response of the basin is controlled by lateral heterogeneities between coarse cemented deposits filling the eastern depocenter and
low-velocity softer deposits widespread in the central-western sector.
References
BARD P.-Y. (1999) - Microtremor measurements: A tool for site effect estimation? Second International Symposium on the Effects of Surface Geology on seismic motion. At: Yokohama, Japan. Volume: Irikura, Kudo, Okada &Sasatani, (eds), Balkema 1999, Vol. 3, 1251-1279
BIELAK J.,XU J., GHATTAS O. (1999) - Earthquake Ground Motion and Structural Response in Alluvial Valleys. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering/Volume 125 Issue 5. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:5(413)
BORCHERDT R. D. (1970) - Effects of local geology on ground motion near San Francisco Bay. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 60:29–61.
BORFECCHIA F., G. DE CANIO, L. DE CECCO, A. GIOCOLI, S. GRAUSO, L. LA PORTA, S. MARTINI, M. POLLINO, I. ROSELLI, A. ZINI (2016) - Mapping the earthquake-induced landslide hazard around the main oil pipeline network of the Agri Valley (Basilicata, southern Italy) by means of two GIS-based modelling approaches. Nat Hazards 81, 759–777 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2104-0
BURRATO P. AND VALENSISE G. (2008) - Rise and fall of a hypothesized seismic gap: source complexity in the 16 December 1857, Southern Italy earthquake (Mw 7.0). Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 98 (1), 139-148. doi: 10.1785/0120070094.
CARA F. ET AL. (2008) - Microtremor Measurements in the City of Palermo, Italy: Analysis of the Correlation between Local Geology and Damage. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America(2008),98(3):1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060260
CASERTA A. (1998) - A time domain finite-difference technique for oblique incidence of antiplane waves in heterogeneous dissipative media. Ann. Geophys., 41, 617– 631.
CASERTA A., V. RUGGIERO, AND P. LANUCARA (2002) - Numerical modelling of dynamical interaction between seismic radiation and near surface geological structures: A parallel approach.Comput. Geosci., 28(9), 1069–1077.
CELLO G., E. TONDI, L. MICARELLI, L. MATTIONI (2003) - Active tectonics and earthquake sources in the epicentral area of the 1857 Basilicata earthquake (southern Italy). Journal of Geodynamics, Volume 36, Issues 1–2, pp 37-50, August–September 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(03)00037-1
DELL'AVERSANA P., D. COLOMBO, M. BUIA, S. MORANDI (2003) - Velocity/interface model building in a thrust belt by tomographic inversion of global offset seismic data. Geophysical Prospecting, Volume 51, Issue 1, pp 23-35, January 2003. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2003.00351.x
DI GIULIO G., L. IMPROTA, G. CALDERONI, A. ROVELLI (2008) - A study of the seismic response of the city of Benevento (southern Italy) through a combined analysis of seismological and geological data. Engineering Geology, 97, 146-170.
FIELD E. H., K. A. JACOB (1995) - Comparison and test of various site-response estimation techniques, including three that are not reference-site dependent. Bull. of Seism. Society of America 85, 1127-1143, August 1995
GRAVES R. W. AND WALD, D. J. (2004) - Observed and Simulated Ground Motions in the San Bernardino Basin Region for the Hector Mine, California, Earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 94, No. 1, pp. 131–146, February 2004
HASKELL N. A. (1960) - Crustal reflection of plane SH waves, J. Geoph. Res., 65, 4147 – 4150.
IMPROTA L., S. OPERTO, C. PIROMALLO AND L. VALOROSO (2008) - High-resolution imaging of basin-bounding normal faults in the Southern Apennines seismic belt (Italy) by traveltime and frequency-domain full-waveform tomography. 70th EAGE Conference and Exhibition - Workshops and Fieldtrips, Jun 2008, cp-41-00073. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201405066
IMPROTA L., L. FERRANTI, P. M. DE MARTINI, S. PISCITELLI, P. P. BRUNO, P. BURRATO, R. CIVICO, A. GIOCOLI, M. IORIO, G. D'ADDEZIO, L. MASCHIO (2010) - Detecting young, slow-slipping active faults by geologic and multidisciplinary high-resolution geophysical investigations: A case study from the Apennine seismic belt, Italy. Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 115, Issue B11, November 2010. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB000871
IMPROTA L., L. VALOROSO, D. PICCININI, C. CHIARABBA (2015) - A detailed analysis of wastewater‐induced seismicity in the Val d'Agri oil field (Italy). Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 42, Issue 8, pp 2682-2690, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063369
IMPROTA. L., S. BAGH, P. DE GORI, L. VALOROSO, M. PASTORI, D. PICCININI, C. CHIARABBA, M. ANSELMI, M. BUTTINELLI (2017) - Reservoir Structure and Wastewater-Induced Seismicity at the Val d'Agri Oilfield (Italy) Shown by Three-Dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs Local Earthquake Tomography. JGR Solid Earth, Volume 122, Issue 11, pp 9050-9082, November 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014725.
LACHET C., P.-Y. BARD (1994) - Numerical and theoretical investigations on the possibilities and limitations of the Nakamura’s technique. J. Physics of the Earth, 42-4, 377-397.
LERMO J., CHÁVEZ-GARCÍA FRANCISCO J. (1993) - Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1993) 83 (5): 1574–1594. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0830051574
MALLET R. (1862) - Great Neapolitan earthquake of 1857. The first principles of observational seismology, Londra.
MASCHIO L., L. FERRANTI, P. BURRATO (2005) - Active extension in Val d'Agri area, Southern Apennines, Italy: implications for the geometry of the seismogenic belt. Geophysical Journal International, Volume 162, Issue 2, pp 591–609, August 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02597.x
MASI A., V. MANFREDI AND G. NICODEMO (2021) - Seismic rehabilitation of residential buildings: an action plan for the urban centres in Val d’Agri, Italy.Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Vol. 62, n. 2, pp. 243-268; June 2021. DOI 10.4430/bgta0333
MARRARA, F. AND P. SUHADOLC (1998). - Site amplification in the city of Benevento (Italy): comparison of observed and estimated ground motion from explosive sources. Journal of Seismology, Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 125-143; DOI 10.1023/A:1008052204879
MORANDI S. AND E. CERAGIOLI (2002) - Integrated interpretation of seismic and resistivity images across the Val d'Agri graben (Italy). ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 45, N. 2, April 2002. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3510
MUCCIARELLI M., (2005) - Progetto di monitoraggio geofisico e di amplificazione sismica di sito di aree vulnerabili del territorio regionale. Convenzione tra Regione Basilicata e Università della Basilicata, www.crisbasilicata.it/microzonazione/home.html.
NAKAMURA Y. (1989) - A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface. Quarterly Reports of Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), 30, 25-33.
PANZERA F., LOMBARDO G., LONGO E., LANGER H., BRANCA S., AZZARO R., CICALA V. &TRIMARCHI F. (2016) - Exploratory seismic site response surveys in a complex geologic area: a case study from Mt. Etna volcano (southern Italy). Natural Hazards. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2517-4
PANZERA F., D'AMICO S., LUPI M., MAURI G., KARYONO K., MAZZINI A. (2018) - Lusi hydrothermal structure inferred through ambient vibration measurements. Marine and Petroleum Geology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.06.017
RIZZO E. & GIAMPAOLO V. (2019) - New deep electrical resistivity tomography in the High Agri Valley basin (Basilicata, Southern Italy), Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 10:1, 197-218, DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2018.1520150
RODRIGUEZ VHS, MIDORIKAWA S. (2002) - Applicability of the H/V spectral ratio of microtremors in assessing site effects on seismic motion.Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 31(2):261-279. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.108.
RUGGIERO V., P. LANUCARA, M. P. BUSICO, A. CASERTA, AND B. FIRMANI (2004) - Numerical modelling of the ground motion: A parallel approach for finite element methods. In Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Applied and Industrial Mathematics in Italy, pp. 487–495, World Scientific, Venice, Italy.
SANTONI D., GIUFFRIDA C., RUGGIERO V., CASERTA A. &LANUCARA P. (2004) - Web user-friendly interface to produce input data for numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Nice, France (poster).
SITE EFFECTS ASSESSMENT USING AMBIENT EXCITATIONS (SESAME) EUROPEAN PROJECT (2005) - Deliverable D23.12 — Guidelines for the implementation of the H/V spectral ratio technique on ambient vibrations measurements, processing and interpretation. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - March 2008.
STABILE T. A., A. GIOCOLI, A. PERRONE, S. PISCITELLI, V. LAPENNA (2014)Fluid injection induced seismicity reveals a NE dipping fault in the southeastern sector of the High Agri Valley (southern Italy). Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 41, Issue 16, pp. 5847–5854, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060948
STABILE T. A., A. GIOCOLI, A. PERRONE, S. PISCITELLI, L. TELESCA AND V. LAPENNA (2015) - Relationship between seismicity and water level of the Pertusillo reservoir (southern Italy). Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata Vol. 56, n. 4, pp. 505-517; December 2015. DOI 10.4430/bgta0161
TRIFUNAC M. D., A. G. BRADY - A study on the duration of strong earthquake ground motion. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1975; 65 (3): 581–626. DOI:10.1016/0148-9062(76)90487-3
VALOROSO L., L. IMPROTA, L. CHIARALUCE, R. DI STEFANO, L. FERRANTI, A. GOVONI, C. CHIARABBA (2009) - Active faults and induced seismicity in the Val d’Agri area (Southern Apennines, Italy). Geophysical Journal International, Volume 178, Issue 1, pp 488–502, July 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04166.x
ZEMBO I., VIGNOLA P., ANDÒ, S. ET AL. (2009) - Tephrochronological study in the quaternary Val d’Agri intermontane basin (Southern Apennines, Italy). Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundsch) 100, 173–187 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-009-0501-x
BIELAK J.,XU J., GHATTAS O. (1999) - Earthquake Ground Motion and Structural Response in Alluvial Valleys. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering/Volume 125 Issue 5. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:5(413)
BORCHERDT R. D. (1970) - Effects of local geology on ground motion near San Francisco Bay. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 60:29–61.
BORFECCHIA F., G. DE CANIO, L. DE CECCO, A. GIOCOLI, S. GRAUSO, L. LA PORTA, S. MARTINI, M. POLLINO, I. ROSELLI, A. ZINI (2016) - Mapping the earthquake-induced landslide hazard around the main oil pipeline network of the Agri Valley (Basilicata, southern Italy) by means of two GIS-based modelling approaches. Nat Hazards 81, 759–777 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2104-0
BURRATO P. AND VALENSISE G. (2008) - Rise and fall of a hypothesized seismic gap: source complexity in the 16 December 1857, Southern Italy earthquake (Mw 7.0). Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 98 (1), 139-148. doi: 10.1785/0120070094.
CARA F. ET AL. (2008) - Microtremor Measurements in the City of Palermo, Italy: Analysis of the Correlation between Local Geology and Damage. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America(2008),98(3):1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060260
CASERTA A. (1998) - A time domain finite-difference technique for oblique incidence of antiplane waves in heterogeneous dissipative media. Ann. Geophys., 41, 617– 631.
CASERTA A., V. RUGGIERO, AND P. LANUCARA (2002) - Numerical modelling of dynamical interaction between seismic radiation and near surface geological structures: A parallel approach.Comput. Geosci., 28(9), 1069–1077.
CELLO G., E. TONDI, L. MICARELLI, L. MATTIONI (2003) - Active tectonics and earthquake sources in the epicentral area of the 1857 Basilicata earthquake (southern Italy). Journal of Geodynamics, Volume 36, Issues 1–2, pp 37-50, August–September 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(03)00037-1
DELL'AVERSANA P., D. COLOMBO, M. BUIA, S. MORANDI (2003) - Velocity/interface model building in a thrust belt by tomographic inversion of global offset seismic data. Geophysical Prospecting, Volume 51, Issue 1, pp 23-35, January 2003. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2003.00351.x
DI GIULIO G., L. IMPROTA, G. CALDERONI, A. ROVELLI (2008) - A study of the seismic response of the city of Benevento (southern Italy) through a combined analysis of seismological and geological data. Engineering Geology, 97, 146-170.
FIELD E. H., K. A. JACOB (1995) - Comparison and test of various site-response estimation techniques, including three that are not reference-site dependent. Bull. of Seism. Society of America 85, 1127-1143, August 1995
GRAVES R. W. AND WALD, D. J. (2004) - Observed and Simulated Ground Motions in the San Bernardino Basin Region for the Hector Mine, California, Earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 94, No. 1, pp. 131–146, February 2004
HASKELL N. A. (1960) - Crustal reflection of plane SH waves, J. Geoph. Res., 65, 4147 – 4150.
IMPROTA L., S. OPERTO, C. PIROMALLO AND L. VALOROSO (2008) - High-resolution imaging of basin-bounding normal faults in the Southern Apennines seismic belt (Italy) by traveltime and frequency-domain full-waveform tomography. 70th EAGE Conference and Exhibition - Workshops and Fieldtrips, Jun 2008, cp-41-00073. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201405066
IMPROTA L., L. FERRANTI, P. M. DE MARTINI, S. PISCITELLI, P. P. BRUNO, P. BURRATO, R. CIVICO, A. GIOCOLI, M. IORIO, G. D'ADDEZIO, L. MASCHIO (2010) - Detecting young, slow-slipping active faults by geologic and multidisciplinary high-resolution geophysical investigations: A case study from the Apennine seismic belt, Italy. Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 115, Issue B11, November 2010. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB000871
IMPROTA L., L. VALOROSO, D. PICCININI, C. CHIARABBA (2015) - A detailed analysis of wastewater‐induced seismicity in the Val d'Agri oil field (Italy). Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 42, Issue 8, pp 2682-2690, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063369
IMPROTA. L., S. BAGH, P. DE GORI, L. VALOROSO, M. PASTORI, D. PICCININI, C. CHIARABBA, M. ANSELMI, M. BUTTINELLI (2017) - Reservoir Structure and Wastewater-Induced Seismicity at the Val d'Agri Oilfield (Italy) Shown by Three-Dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs Local Earthquake Tomography. JGR Solid Earth, Volume 122, Issue 11, pp 9050-9082, November 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014725.
LACHET C., P.-Y. BARD (1994) - Numerical and theoretical investigations on the possibilities and limitations of the Nakamura’s technique. J. Physics of the Earth, 42-4, 377-397.
LERMO J., CHÁVEZ-GARCÍA FRANCISCO J. (1993) - Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1993) 83 (5): 1574–1594. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0830051574
MALLET R. (1862) - Great Neapolitan earthquake of 1857. The first principles of observational seismology, Londra.
MASCHIO L., L. FERRANTI, P. BURRATO (2005) - Active extension in Val d'Agri area, Southern Apennines, Italy: implications for the geometry of the seismogenic belt. Geophysical Journal International, Volume 162, Issue 2, pp 591–609, August 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02597.x
MASI A., V. MANFREDI AND G. NICODEMO (2021) - Seismic rehabilitation of residential buildings: an action plan for the urban centres in Val d’Agri, Italy.Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Vol. 62, n. 2, pp. 243-268; June 2021. DOI 10.4430/bgta0333
MARRARA, F. AND P. SUHADOLC (1998). - Site amplification in the city of Benevento (Italy): comparison of observed and estimated ground motion from explosive sources. Journal of Seismology, Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 125-143; DOI 10.1023/A:1008052204879
MORANDI S. AND E. CERAGIOLI (2002) - Integrated interpretation of seismic and resistivity images across the Val d'Agri graben (Italy). ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 45, N. 2, April 2002. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3510
MUCCIARELLI M., (2005) - Progetto di monitoraggio geofisico e di amplificazione sismica di sito di aree vulnerabili del territorio regionale. Convenzione tra Regione Basilicata e Università della Basilicata, www.crisbasilicata.it/microzonazione/home.html.
NAKAMURA Y. (1989) - A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface. Quarterly Reports of Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), 30, 25-33.
PANZERA F., LOMBARDO G., LONGO E., LANGER H., BRANCA S., AZZARO R., CICALA V. &TRIMARCHI F. (2016) - Exploratory seismic site response surveys in a complex geologic area: a case study from Mt. Etna volcano (southern Italy). Natural Hazards. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2517-4
PANZERA F., D'AMICO S., LUPI M., MAURI G., KARYONO K., MAZZINI A. (2018) - Lusi hydrothermal structure inferred through ambient vibration measurements. Marine and Petroleum Geology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.06.017
RIZZO E. & GIAMPAOLO V. (2019) - New deep electrical resistivity tomography in the High Agri Valley basin (Basilicata, Southern Italy), Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 10:1, 197-218, DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2018.1520150
RODRIGUEZ VHS, MIDORIKAWA S. (2002) - Applicability of the H/V spectral ratio of microtremors in assessing site effects on seismic motion.Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 31(2):261-279. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.108.
RUGGIERO V., P. LANUCARA, M. P. BUSICO, A. CASERTA, AND B. FIRMANI (2004) - Numerical modelling of the ground motion: A parallel approach for finite element methods. In Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Applied and Industrial Mathematics in Italy, pp. 487–495, World Scientific, Venice, Italy.
SANTONI D., GIUFFRIDA C., RUGGIERO V., CASERTA A. &LANUCARA P. (2004) - Web user-friendly interface to produce input data for numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Nice, France (poster).
SITE EFFECTS ASSESSMENT USING AMBIENT EXCITATIONS (SESAME) EUROPEAN PROJECT (2005) - Deliverable D23.12 — Guidelines for the implementation of the H/V spectral ratio technique on ambient vibrations measurements, processing and interpretation. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - March 2008.
STABILE T. A., A. GIOCOLI, A. PERRONE, S. PISCITELLI, V. LAPENNA (2014)Fluid injection induced seismicity reveals a NE dipping fault in the southeastern sector of the High Agri Valley (southern Italy). Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 41, Issue 16, pp. 5847–5854, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060948
STABILE T. A., A. GIOCOLI, A. PERRONE, S. PISCITELLI, L. TELESCA AND V. LAPENNA (2015) - Relationship between seismicity and water level of the Pertusillo reservoir (southern Italy). Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata Vol. 56, n. 4, pp. 505-517; December 2015. DOI 10.4430/bgta0161
TRIFUNAC M. D., A. G. BRADY - A study on the duration of strong earthquake ground motion. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1975; 65 (3): 581–626. DOI:10.1016/0148-9062(76)90487-3
VALOROSO L., L. IMPROTA, L. CHIARALUCE, R. DI STEFANO, L. FERRANTI, A. GOVONI, C. CHIARABBA (2009) - Active faults and induced seismicity in the Val d’Agri area (Southern Apennines, Italy). Geophysical Journal International, Volume 178, Issue 1, pp 488–502, July 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04166.x
ZEMBO I., VIGNOLA P., ANDÒ, S. ET AL. (2009) - Tephrochronological study in the quaternary Val d’Agri intermontane basin (Southern Apennines, Italy). Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundsch) 100, 173–187 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-009-0501-x
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