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Zaksek, K.
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Zaksek, K.
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- PublicationOpen AccessCloud Photogrammetry from Space(2015)
; ; ; ; ; ;Zaksek, K.; University of Hamburg, CEN, Institute of Geophysics, Bundesstr. 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany ;Gerst, A.; ESA, European Astronaut Centre, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany ;von der Lieth, J.; University of Hamburg, CEN, Institute of Geophysics, Bundesstr. 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany ;Ganci, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Hort, M.; University of Hamburg, CEN, Institute of Geophysics, Bundesstr. 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; ; ; ; The most commonly used method for satellite cloud top height (CTH) compares brightness temperature of the cloud with the atmospheric temperature profile. Because of the uncertainties of this method, we propose a photogrammetric approach. As clouds can move with high velocities, even instruments with multiple cameras are not appropriate for accurate CTH estimation. Here we present two solutions. The first is based on the parallax between data retrieved from geostationary (SEVIRI, HRV band; 1000 m spatial resolution) and polar orbiting satellites (MODIS, band 1; 250 m spatial resolution). The procedure works well if the data from both satellites are retrieved nearly simultaneously. However, MODIS does not retrieve the data at exactly the same time as SEVIRI. To compensate for advection in the atmosphere we use two sequential SEVIRI images (one before and one after the MODIS retrieval) and interpolate the cloud position from SEVIRI data to the time of MODIS retrieval. CTH is then estimated by intersection of corresponding lines-of-view from MODIS and interpolated SEVIRI data. The second method is based on NASA program Crew Earth observations from the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS has a lower orbit than most operational satellites, resulting in a shorter minimal time between two images, which is needed to produce a suitable parallax. In addition, images made by the ISS crew are taken by a full frame sensor and not a push broom scanner that most operational satellites use. Such data make it possible to observe also short time evolution of clouds.305 224 - PublicationRestrictedConclusion: recommendations and findings of the RED SEED working group(The Geological Society of London, 2016)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Harris, A. J. L. ;Carn, S. ;Dehn, J. ;Del Negro, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Gudmundsson, M. T. ;Cordonnier, B. ;Barnie, T. ;Chahi, E. ;Calvari, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Catry, T. ;De Groeve, T. ;Coppola, D. ;Davies, A. ;Favalli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Ferrucci, F. ;Fujita, E. ;Ganci, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Garel, F. ;Huet, P. ;Kauahikaua, J. ;Kelfoun, K. ;Lombardo, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Macedonio, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Pacheco, J. ;Patrick, M. ;Pergola, N. ;Ramsey, M. ;Rongo, R. ;Sahy, F. ;Smith, K. ;Tarquini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Thordarson, T. ;Villeneuve, N. ;Webley, P. ;Wright, R. ;Zaksek, K. ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;Harris, A. J. L. ;De Groeve, T. ;Garel, F.Carn, S. A.RED SEED stands for Risk Evaluation, Detection and Simulation during Effusive Eruption Disasters, and combines stakeholders from the remote sensing, modelling and response communities with experience in tracking volcanic effusive events. The group first met during a three day-long workshop held in Clermont Ferrand (France) between 28 and 30 May 2013. During each day, presentations were given reviewing the state of the art in terms of (a) volcano hot spot detection and parameterization, (b) operational satellite-based hot spot detection systems, (c) lava flow modelling and (d) response protocols during effusive crises. At the end of each pre- sentation set, the four groups retreated to discuss and report on requirements for a truly integrated and operational response that satisfactorily combines remote sensors, modellers and responders during an effusive crisis. The results of collating the final reports, and follow-up discussions that have been on-going since the workshop, are given here. We can reduce our discussions to four main findings. (1) Hot spot detection tools are operational and capable of providing effusive erup- tion onset notice within 15 min. (2) Spectral radiance metrics can also be provided with high degrees of confidence. However, if we are to achieve a truly global system, more local receiving stations need to be installed with hot spot detection and data processing modules running on-site and in real time. (3) Models are operational, but need real-time input of reliable time-averaged discharge rate data and regular updates of digital elevation models if they are to be effective; the latter can be provided by the radar/photogrammetry community. (4) Information needs to be provided in an agreed and standard format following an ensemble approach and using models that have been validated and recognized as trustworthy by the responding authorities. All of this requires a sophisticated and centralized data collection, distribution and reporting hub that is based on a philosophy of joint ownership and mutual trust. While the next chapter carries out an exercise to explore the viability of the last point, the detailed recommendations behind these findings are detailed here.308 47