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Ghoddousi-Fard, Reza
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Ghoddousi-Fard, Reza
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- PublicationOpen AccessReview of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions: From Atmosphere to Geospace(2022)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;The Antarctic and Arctic regions are Earth’s open windows to outer space. They provide unique opportunities for investigating the troposphere–thermosphere–ionosphere–plasmasphere system at high latitudes, which is not as well understood as the mid- and low-latitude regions mainly due to the paucity of experimental observations. In addition, different neutral and ionised atmospheric layers at high latitudes are much more variable compared to lower latitudes, and their variability is due to mechanisms not yet fully understood. Fortunately, in this new millennium the observing infrastructure in Antarctica and the Arctic has been growing, thus providing scientists with new opportunities to advance our knowledge on the polar atmosphere and geospace. This review shows that it is of paramount importance to perform integrated, multi-disciplinary research, making use of long-term multi-instrument observations combined with ad hoc measurement campaigns to improve our capability of investigating atmospheric dynamics in the polar regions from the troposphere up to the plasmasphere, as well as the coupling between atmospheric layers. Starting from the state of the art of understanding the polar atmosphere, our survey outlines the roadmap for enhancing scientific investigation of its physical mechanisms and dynamics through the full exploitation of the available infrastructures for radio-based environmental monitoring.407 86 - PublicationOpen AccessAn interhemispheric comparison of GPS phase scintillation with auroral emission observed at the South Pole and from the DMSP satellite(2013)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Prikryl, P.; Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada ;Zhang, Y.; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States ;Ebihara, Y.; Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ;Ghoddousi-Fard, R.; Natural Resources Canada, Geodetic Survey Division, Ottawa, ON, Canada ;Jayachandran, P. T.; University of New Brunswick, Physics Department, Fredericton, NB, Canada ;Kinrade, J.; University of Bath, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Bath, United Kingdom ;Mitchell, C. N.; University of Bath, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Bath, United Kingdom ;Weatherwax, A. T.; Siena College, Physics and Astronomy, Loudonville, NY, United States ;Bust, G.; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States ;Cilliers, P. J.; South African National Space Agency, Space Science Directorate, Hermanus, South Africa ;Spogli, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Alfonsi, Lu.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Romano, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Ning, B.; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ;Li, G.; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ;Jarvis, M. J.; British Antarctic Survey, Physical Sciences Division, Cambridge, United Kingdom ;Danskin, D. W.; Natural Resources Canada, Geomagnetic Laboratory, Ottawa, ON, Canada ;Spanswick, E.; University of Calgary, Department of Physics and Astronomy, AB, Canada ;Donovan, E.; University of Calgary, Department of Physics and Astronomy, AB, Canada ;Terkildsen, M.; IPS Radio and Space Services, Bureau of Meteorology, Haymarket, NSW, Australia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The global positioning system (GPS) phase scintillation caused by highlatitude ionospheric irregularities during an intense high-speed stream (HSS) of the solar wind from April 29 to May 5, 2011, was observed using arrays of GPS ionospheric scintillation and total electron content monitors in the Arctic and Antarctica. The one-minute phase-scintillation index derived from the data sampled at 50 Hz was complemented by a proxy index (delta phase rate) obtained from 1-Hz GPS data. The scintillation occurrence coincided with the aurora borealis and aurora australis observed by an all-sky imager at the South Pole, and by special sensor ultraviolet scanning imagers on board satellites of the Defense Meteorological Satellites Program. The South Pole (SP) station is approximately conjugate with two Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network stations on Baffin Island, Canada, which provided the opportunity to study magnetic conjugacy of scintillation with support of riometers and magnetometers. The GPS ionospheric pierce points were mapped at their actual or conjugate locations, along with the auroral emission over the South Pole, assuming an altitude of 120 km. As the aurora brightened and/or drifted across the field of view of the all-sky imager, sequences of scintillation events were observed that indicated conjugate auroras as a locator of simultaneous or delayed bipolar scintillation events. In spite of the greater scintillation intensity in the auroral oval, where phase scintillation sometimes exceeded 1 radian during the auroral break-up and substorms, the percentage occurrence of moderate scintillation was highest in the cusp. Interhemispheric comparisons of bipolar scintillation maps show that the scintillation occurrence is significantly higher in the southern cusp and polar cap.426 464 - PublicationOpen AccessGPS phase scintillation at high latitudes during geomagnetic storms of 7–17 March 2012 – Part 2: Interhemispheric comparison(2015)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Prikryl, P.; Geomagnetic Laboratory, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada ;Ghoddousi-Fard, R.; Canadian Geodetic Survey, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada ;Spogli, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Mitchell, C. N.; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK ;Li, G.; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ;Ning, B.; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ;Cilliers, P. J.; Space Science Directorate, South African National Space Agency, Hermanus, South Africa ;Sreeja, V.; Nottingham Geospatial Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK ;Aquino, M.; Nottingham Geospatial Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK ;Terkildsen, M.; IPS Radio and Space Services, Bureau of Meteorology, Haymarket, NSW, Australia ;Jayachandran, P. T.; Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada ;Jiao, Y.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA ;Morton, Y. T.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA ;Ruohoniemi, J. M.; Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA ;Thomas, E. G.; Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA ;Zhang, Y; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, Laurel, MD, USA ;Weatherwax, A. T.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Siena College, Loudonville, NY, USA ;Alfonsi, Lu.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;De Franceschi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Romano, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; During the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, a series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the period 7–17 March 2012 caused geomagnetic storms that strongly affected high-latitude ionosphere in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. GPS phase scintillation was observed at northern and southern high latitudes by arrays of GPS ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitors (GISTMs) and geodetic-quality GPS receivers sampling at 1 Hz. Mapped as a function of magnetic latitude and magnetic local time (MLT), the scintillation was observed in the ionospheric cusp, the tongue of ionization fragmented into patches, sun-aligned arcs in the polar cap, and nightside auroral oval and subauroral latitudes. Complementing a companion paper (Prikryl et al., 2015a) that focuses on the highlatitude ionospheric response to variable solar wind in the North American sector, interhemispheric comparison reveals commonalities as well as differences and asymmetries between the northern and southern high latitudes, as a consequence of the coupling between the solar wind and magnetosphere. The interhemispheric asymmetries are caused by the dawn–dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field controlling the MLT of the cusp entry of the storm-enhanced density plasma into the polar cap and the orientation relative to the noon–midnight meridian of the tongue of ionization.716 565