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García-Fernández, M.
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García-Fernández, M.
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- PublicationOpen AccessPath effects and local elastic site amplification: two case studies on Mt Etna (Italy) and Vega Baja (SE Spain)(2016)
; ; ; ; ;Scarfi, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Langer, H.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Garcia-Fernandez, M.; CSIC, MNCN, Madrid, Spain ;Jimenez, M.; CSIC, MNCN, Madrid, Spain; ; ; Local site effects, normally ground motion amplification, represent one of the main components when developing ground motion simulations and play an important role in the potential earthquake damage. In the framework of the UPStrat-MAFA project a stochastic finite-fault simulation method was selected for the generation of synthetic ground motion scenarios. This method uses spectral site correction functions to account for site amplification effects. These local effects may undergo significant changes due to the source–receiver configuration (i.e., distance, source depth and ray incidence). This holds in particular for reflection and transmission coefficients which may strongly vary depending on the source–receiver geometry, and may alter the characteristics of the spectral site-correction functions. A strategy is proposed to account for local site effects in the context of the regional geological structure, considering SH-waves propagating in a 1D velocity model. Spectral correction functions are derived by comparing Green’s functions obtained for general velocity models and those more detailed at shallow depths. The developed approach is applied in two of the test areas selected in the project, the Mt Etna in Italy and the Vega Baja in SE Spain. The results show the different behaviour in two environments, i.e., volcanic and tectonic, with different seismicity characteristics, and highlight the importance of performing specific site-effect studies in some regions where standard building code soil factors could have some limitations to evaluate the potential for ground motion amplification.227 18 - PublicationRestrictedThe SERGISAI procedure for seismic risk assessment(2003)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The European project SERGISAI developed a computational tool where a methodology for seismic risk assessment at different geographical scales has been implemented. Experts of various disciplines, including seismologists, engineers, planners, geologists, and computer scientists, co-operated in an actual multidisciplinary process to develop this tool. Standard procedural codes, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques compose the whole system, that will enable the end user to carry out a complete seismic risk assessment at three geographical scales: regional, sub-regional and local. At present, single codes or models that have been incorporated are not new in general, but the modularity of the prototype, based on a user-friendly front end, offers potential users the possibility of updating or replacing any code or model if desired. The proposed procedure is a first attempt to integrate tools, codes and methods for assessing expected earthquake damage, and it was mainly designed to become a useful support for civil defense and land use planning agencies. Risk factors have been treated in the most suitable way for each one, in terms of level of detail, kind of parameters and units of measure. Identifying various geographical scales is not a mere question of dimension; since entities to be studied correspond to areas defined by administrative and geographical borders. The procedure was applied in the following areas: Toscana in Italy, for the regional scale, the Garfagnana area in Toscana, for the sub-regional scale, and a part of Barcelona city, Spain, for the local scale.181 1 - PublicationOpen AccessTHE EUROPEAN PROJECT UPSTRAT-MAFA(2012-08-19)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Working Group, UPStrat-MAFA ;Zonno, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia ;Rotondi, R.; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche, Italy ;Oliveira, C. S.; Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal ;Carvalho, A.; Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Portugal ;Garcia-Fernandez, M.; Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain ;Sigbjörnsson, R.; Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Iceland ;Working Group, UPStrat-MAFA; INGV - CNR_IMATI - IST - LNEC - CSIC - EERC; ; ; ; ; ; In the framework of EU research project “Urban Disaster Prevention Strategies Using MAcroseismic Fields and FAult Sources” (Grant Agreement n. 230301/2011/613486/SUB/A5) innovative approaches are proposed to improve critical points in the procedures for assessing probabilistic hazard and seismic risk; they are tested in particular locations – Mt. Etna, Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei areas (Italy), Azores Islands and areas hit by offshore activity (Portugal), Alicante-Murcia area (Spain) and South Iceland including Reykjavik surrounding urban area (Iceland). A unique probabilistic procedure has been used for seismic hazard evaluation processing both macroseismic fields and characteristics of fault sources. The direct application of probabilistic methodologies to observed and/or synthetic macroseismic fields allows us to carry out a more complete treatment of the uncertainties in the case of both point-wise and linear properties of a fault. An improvement of the urban scale vulnerability information on building and network systems (typologies, schools, strategic buildings, lifelines, and so on) has been introduced to use the new concept of global Disruption Index, with the objective to provide a systematic way to measure the earthquake impact in urbanized areas considered as a complex network. These measures have been then used to identify which nodes are likely to introduce major disruption in the whole urban system, and also which one of them suggests greater risk reduction if intervention takes place. Besides the disaster prevention strategies based on the level of risk, another effective component of disaster-risk reduction is given by long-term activities using educational information systems. To reduce the absence of risk perception in the community some actions have been performed, such as the development of educational materials and the design of a mobile earthquake interactive experience with interactive panels for children and adults, and a central platform for the simulation of an earthquake.224 158 - PublicationOpen AccessSeismic hazard assessment in the Ibero-Maghreb region(1999-12)
; ; ;Jiménez, M. J.; Institute of Earth Sciences "Jaume Almera" - CSIC, Barcelona, Spain ;García-Fernández, M.; Institute of Earth Sciences "Jaume Almera" - CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; The contribution of the Ibero-Maghreb region to the global GSHAP map has been the result of a fruitful cooperation among the participants in the established Working Group including representatives from Algeria, Morocco, Portugal, Spain and Tunisia and coordinated by ICTJA-CSIC, Spain. For the first time, a map of regional seismic source zones is presented, and agreement on a common procedure for hazard computation in the region has been achieved. The computed Ibero-Maghreb seismic hazard map constitutes the first step towards a uniform hazard assessment for the region. Further joint regional efforts are still needed for earthquake hazard studies based on a homogeneous regional earthquake catalogue. Ongoing initiatives in relation to seismic hazard assessment in the Mediterranean should profit both from these results and the established cooperation among different groups in the region as well as contribute to future regional studies.306 1401 - PublicationOpen AccessUrban Disaster-Prevention Strategies Using Macroseismic Fields and Fault Sources(2012-09-24)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Zonno, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia ;Azzaro, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Bianco, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Cusano, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;D'Amico, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;D’Amico, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia ;Falsaperla, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Galluzzo, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Langer, H.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Meroni, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia ;Musacchio, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia ;Nave, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Sansivero, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Scarfì, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Rotondi, R.; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche, Italy ;Brambilla, C.; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche, Italy ;Varini, E.; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche, Italy ;Oliveira, C. S.; Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal ;Ferreira, M. A.; Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal ;Lopes, M.; Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal ;Mota de Sá, F.; Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal ;Nunes, J. C.; Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal ;Carvalho, A.; Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Portugal ;Sousa, M. L.; Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Portugal ;Raposo, S.; Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Portugal ;Garcia-Fernandez, M.; Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain ;Beltran, A.; Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain ;Jenni, J.; Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain ;Jimenez, M. J.; Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain ;Sigbjornsson, R.; Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Iceland ;Bernhardsdottir, A.; Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Iceland ;Olafsson, S.; Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Iceland ;Rupakhety, R.; Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Iceland ;Sigurdsson, S. U.; Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Iceland ;Thorvaldsdottir, S.; Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Iceland ;Albarello, D.; University of Siena, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; This contribution presents the general framework of the European project UPStrat-MAFA "Urban disaster Prevention Strategies using MAcroseismic Fields and FAult Sources" and its ongoing activities. A unique probabilistic procedure is being used for seismic hazard evaluation, using both macroseismic fields and characteristics of fault sources for the analysis of data from volcanic and tectonic areas: Mt. Etna, Mt. Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei (Italy), Azores Islands (Portugal), South Iceland (Iceland), Alicante-Murcia (Spain), and mainland and offshore Portugal. An improvement of urban scale vulnerability information on building and network systems (typologies, schools, strategic buildings, lifelines, and others) is proposed in the form of a global Disruption Index, with the objective to provide a systematic way of measuring earthquake impact in urbanized areas considered as complex networks. Disaster prevention strategies are considered based on an education information system, another effective component of the disaster risk reduction given by long-term activities.523 244