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Pecora, Emilio
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Pecora, Emilio
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emilio.pecora@ingv.it
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- PublicationOpen AccessVAMOS: un sistema automatico per il monitoraggio dei vulcani(1999-11-08)
; ; ; ; ; ;Bertucco, L.; Dipartimento Elettrico, Elettronico e Sistemistico, Università di Catania ;Nunnari, G.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica e Informatica dell'Università degli Studi di Catania ;Coltelli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Mangiagli, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; VAMOS (Volcanic Activity MOnitoring System) è un sistema HW/SW per il monitoraggio dei vulcani attivi che analizza le immagini acquisite dalle telecamere fisse puntate sui crateri sommitali dei vulcani siciliani. Il sistema riconosce in tempo reale l'occorrenza di eventi eruttivi mediante un algoritmo di trigger. Lo scopo è registrare su supporto magnetico e segnalare l'evento eruttivo. Parallelamente gli eventi registrati vengono classificati in base ad alcuni parametri geometrici misurati sulle immagini. VAMOS sostituisce l'operatore umano preposto al rilevamento ed alla classificazione degli eventi vulcanici.123 247 - PublicationRestrictedThe exceptional activity and growth of the Southeast Crater, Mount Etna (Italy), between 1996 and 2001(2006)
; ; ; ; ;Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Zanon, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; Between 1971 and 2001, the Southeast Crater was the most productive of the four summit craters of Mount Etna, with activity that can be compared, on a global scale, to the opening phases of the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i. The period of highest eruptive rate was between 1996 and 2001, when near-continuous activity occurred in five phases. These were characterized by a wide range of eruptive styles and intensities from quiet, non-explosive lava emission to brief, violent lava-fountaining episodes. Much of the cone growth occurred during these fountaining episodes, totaling 105 events. Many showed complex dynamics such as different eruptive styles at multiple vents, and resulted in the growth of minor edifices on the flanks of the Southeast Crater cone. Small pyroclastic flows were produced during some of the eruptive episodes, when oblique tephra jets showered the steep flanks of the cone with hot bombs and scoriae. Fluctuations in the eruptive style and eruption rates were controlled by a complex interplay between changes in the conduit geometry (including the growth of a shallow magma reservoir under the Southeast Crater), magma supply rates, and flank instability. During this period, volume calculations were made with the aid of GIS and image analysis of video footage obtained by a monitoring telecamera. Between 1996 and 2001, the bulk volume of the cone increased by ~36×106 m3, giving a total (1971– 2001) volume of ~72×106 m3. At the same time, the cone gained ~105 m in height, reaching an elevation of about 3,300 m. The total DRE volume of the 1996–2001 products was ~90×106m3. This mostly comprised lava flows (72×106 m3) erupted at the summit and onto the flanks of the cone. These values indicate that the productivity of the Southeast Crater increased fourfold during 1996–2001 with respect to the previous 25 years, coinciding with a general increase in the eruptive output rates and eruption intensity at Etna. This phase of intense summit activity has been followed, since the summer of 2001, by a period of increased structural instability of the volcano, marked by a series of important flank eruptions.283 41 - PublicationOpen AccessLa rete di telerilevamento video dell’Etna(2002-04-24)
; ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia78 125 - PublicationOpen AccessCorrelation between seismic and volcanic activity: A tale of three eruptive episodes at Mount Etna (Italy) in November 2006(2008-04-13)
; ; ; ;Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Falsaperla, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, EGU2008-A-03790, 2008 EGU General Assembly 2008 © Author(s) 2008 Correlation between seismic and volcanic activity: A tale of three eruptive episodes at Mount Etna (Italy) in November 2006 B. Behncke, S. Falsaperla, E. Pecora Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania; Piazza Roma, 2; 95123 Catania, Italy Three eruptive episodes of the Southeast Crater at the summit of Mount Etna in November 2006 were exceptionally well documented by visual, seismic and thermal monitoring. In terms of volcanic activity, the three paroxysms showed marked differences among each other. The first one (16 November) was a strongly explosive event, with vigorous Strombolian activity and ash emission from multiple vents, lava emission, and phreatomagmatic explosions generating pyroclastic density currents. In contrast, the second episode (19 November) was a rather weakly explosive event, with mild Strombolian activity but more voluminous lava emission. Finally, the third paroxysm (24 November) was a moderately explosive event, with intermittent lava fountaining and generation of a tephra column as well as lava emission and pyroclastic flows. Data recorded by a thermal monitoring camera clearly document the different phases of each paroxysm, although weather clouds occasionally hampered thermal monitoring. The images show a rapid onset of the volcanic activity, which reached a peak in eruptive (and thermal) intensity, and then decreased gradually. The analysis of seismic activity highlights a wide range of different types of signals, reflecting remarkable complexities in the dynamics of the eruptive events. The different explosive intensities are well reflected in the volcanic tremor amplitude, although the three episodes show common features, such as a maximum in tremor amplitude during their first hour, and a number of strong explosive events during the waning phases of each paroxysm. A neat correlation between typologies of seismic signals and eruptive styles and intensities can be established from the data. However, the strong phreatomagmatic explosions and pyroclastic density currents on 16 and 24 November did not yield any distinguish270 452 - PublicationOpen AccessUse of Forward Looking InfraRed thermal cameras at active volcanoes(Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 2008)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Lodato, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Spampinato, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Harris, A. J. L.; HIGP/SOEST, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA ;Dehn, J.; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska, USA ;James, M. R.; Environmental Science Department, Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Biale, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Curcuruto, A.; Department of Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;Marzocchi, W.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Zollo, A.; Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Nowadays, thermal imaging has become a common remote sensing tool for monitoring active volcanoes. The study of temperature variations within openconduit systems, at eruptive fissures, active vents, domes, lava lakes, lava fields and other volcanic features has proven fundamental to better understand volcanic system behaviour over the short and long terms (Harris and Stevenson, 1997; Oppenheimer and Yirgu, 2002; Calvari et al., 2004; Wadge et al., 2006). At INGV Catania Section, thermal imaging has been applied at Mt Etna, Stromboli, Vulcano and Panarea since 2001. The instruments used are thermal cameras manufactured by FLIR (Forward Looking InfraRed) and consist in uncooled bolometers that are sensitive within 7.5 and 13 μ wavelengths. Thermal cameras are based on the capability to detect radiation emitted by bodies according to Planck’s Law. In particular, the camera we used is a FLIR thermal camera A 40 M Ethernet with a focal plane array uncooled bolometer (320 x 240 pixels), and a spectral range between 7.5 and 13 micrometers (Figure 1.). It has a standard optics 24° with spatial resolution (IFOV, instantaneous field of view) of 1.3 mrad, a horizontal view of 24° and a vertical view of 18°. This camera has also been equipped with optional filter to measure temperature values up to 1500°C with the possibility of setting up different temperature ranges. The thermal camera can record and transfer in real time via wi-fi radiometric frames in JPG format of the observed eruptive activity according to some environmental parameters, such as external temperature, air humidity and emissivity and allows the vision of volcanic activity both day and night.Temperature range varies between 0 e 500° C and the emissivity value ε = 1. To correct the temperature of all pixels from the atmospheric attenuation effects, we considered atmospheric parameters, such as air temperature and air humidity, in addition to the introduction of the path length (400 m) in the camera software. In fact, the radiations detected by the FLIR thermal cameras, that work in the spectral band between 7.5 e 13 μm, are affected by the absorption factor from the water spectrum, which is predominant in this band; particularly at La Fossa crater where the water content in the fumaroles is higher than the other gas species. Because of the necessity to correct the radiometric data from the atmospheric factors in real-time, we installed a meteorological station able to interface with the camera to provide atmospheric parameters for the auto-calibration.227 195 - PublicationOpen AccessA multidisciplinary study on gas emission and volcanic tremor characteristics of Mt. Etna(2011-12-05)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Falsaperla, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Langer, H.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Salerno, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; A multidisciplinary study on gas emission and volcanic tremor characteristics of Mt. Etna B. Behncke, S. Falsaperla, S. Giammanco, H. Langer, M. Neri, E. Pecora, G. Salerno Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Osservatorio Etneo,P.zza Roma 2, 95125, Catania, Italy The 2008-2009 eruption of Mt. Etna was heralded by episodes of paroxysmal summit activity, with strong Strombolian activity and spectacular lava fountains and flows, starting from spring 2007. In this study, we present analyses of a three-month period (from February to April, 2007) which led to the first paroxysm. In doing so, we merge volcanic tremor data and gas measurements of SO2 and Radon. This multidisciplinary study allows characterizing a stage during which the volcano feeder was affected by fluid recharge, producing to repeated episodes of temporary increases in volcanic tremor amplitude, without any visible phenomenon at the surface. We investigate on these spurious changes in tremor characteristics and their relationship to gas emission. Ruling out other exogenous sources, we hypothesize that certain changes represented aborted eruptions, where the magma failed to reach the surface.225 114 - PublicationOpen AccessAutomatic Classification of eruptive events by the VAMOS system(1999-09-14)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Bertucco, L.; Dipartimento Elettrico, Elettronico e Sistemistico, Università di Catania ;Coltelli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Cristaldi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Mangiagli, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Nunnari, G.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica e Informatica dell'Università degli Studi di Catania ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; An automatic system named VAMOS (Volcanic Activity MOnitoring System) for monitoring volcanic activity at Mt. Etna and Stromboli volcanoes, is at the present under test at the data collection center at IIV (Istituto Internazionale di Vulcanologia, CNR, Catania). This system allows automatic recognition of volcanic activity by on-line processing of images collected by the surveillance cameras positioned close to the summit crater of two above mentioned volcanoes which are worldwide known to be characterized by a persistent eruptive activity. Based on this automatic system, a new software tool to extract quantitative information from collected images is now under developing. Several tasks have been planned to solve by using this tool such as the automatic classification of recorded events and the computation of relaxed energy based on stereo-vision and thermal images. One of the first result of the undertaken research activity has been the automatic classification of the type of volcanic events and the localization of the eruptive event.183 112 - PublicationOpen AccessNew Developments of the VAMOS (Volcanic Activity MOnitoring System)(2000-11-28)
; ; ; ; ; ;Coltelli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Mangiagli, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Reitano, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Saraceno, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; Un problema riscontrato nei test effettuati sulla prima versione del trigger è che nei casi di particolari attività eruttive come la continuità tra un'esplosione e la successiva oppure, come nel caso di Stromboli, dove una attività di forte degassamento è intervallata da qualche evento discreto, il sistema induce il trigger a considerare due o più eventi come uno unico. Chiaramente l'errore si ripercuote anche nella successiva fase di classificazione. Tuttavia questo fenomeno risulta abbastanza raro ed in ogni caso l'errore potrebbe riscontrarsi solo sull'algoritmo relativo al conteggio del numero di eventi. Il trigger, infatti, segnalerebbe un evento di interesse, che verrebbe registrato su disco rigido come dato valido. Tale problema sarà risolto completamente quando la disponibilità di risorse di calcolo più potenti permetterà di rendere più sofisticato l'algoritmo, compatibilmente con il funzionamento in tempo reale.159 129 - PublicationOpen AccessStudio dell’attività esplosiva dell’Etna durante l’eruzione 2002-2003 mediante l’analisi delle immagini riprese dalle telecamere di sorveglianza(2003-05-15)
; ; ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Murè, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; 79 103 - PublicationOpen AccessEtna_NETVIS: A dedicated tool for automatically pre-processing high frequency data useful to extract geometrical parameters and track the evolution of the lava field(Geophysical Research Abstracts, 2016-04-17)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Marsella, M.; DICEA - Survey Lab Spinoff of Sapienza University, Roma, Italy (informazioni@surveylab.info) ;D'Aranno, P. J .V.; DICEA - Survey Lab Spinoff of Sapienza University, Roma, Italy (informazioni@surveylab.info) ;De Bonis, R.; DICEA - Survey Lab Spinoff of Sapienza University, Roma, Italy (informazioni@surveylab.info) ;Nardinocchi, C.; DICEA - Survey Lab Spinoff of Sapienza University, Roma, Italy (informazioni@surveylab.info) ;Scifoni, S.; DICEA - Survey Lab Spinoff of Sapienza University, Roma, Italy (informazioni@surveylab.info) ;Scutti, M.; DICEA - Survey Lab Spinoff of Sapienza University, Roma, Italy (informazioni@surveylab.info) ;Sonnessa, A.; DICEA - Survey Lab Spinoff of Sapienza University, Roma, Italy (informazioni@surveylab.info) ;Wahbeh, W.; DICEA - Survey Lab Spinoff of Sapienza University, Roma, Italy (informazioni@surveylab.info) ;Biale, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Coltelli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Prestifilippo, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Proietti, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; In order to improve the observation capability in one of the most active volcanic areas in the world, Mt. Etna, we developed a processing method to use the surveillance cameras for a quasi real-time mapping of syn-eruptive processes. Following an evaluation of the current performance of the Etna permanent ground NEtwork of Thermal and Visible Sensors (Etna_NETVIS), its possible implementation and optimization was investigated to determine the locations of additional observation sites to be rapidly set up during emergencies. A tool was then devised to process time series of ground-acquired images and extract a coherent multi-temporal dataset of georeferenced map. The processed datasets can be used to extract 2D features such as evolution maps of active lava flows. The tool was validated on ad-hoc test fields and then adopted to map the evolution of two recent lava flows. The achievable accuracy (about three times the original pixel size) and the short processing time makes the tool suitable for rapidly assessing lava flow evolutions, especially in the case of recurrent eruptions, such as those of the 2011–2015 Etna activity. The tool can be used both in standard monitoring activities and during emergency phases (eventually improving the present network with additional mobile stations) when it is mandatory to carry out a quasi-real-time mapping to support civil protection actions. The developed tool could be integrated in the control room of the Osservatorio Etneo, thus enabling the Etna_NETVIS for mapping purposes and not only for video surveillance.107 100