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Nuccio, Pasquale Mario
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Nuccio, Pasquale Mario
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Nuccio, P. M.
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- PublicationRestrictedGas hazard assessment at the Monticchio Mt. Vulture, a volcano in Southern Italy(2009)
; ; ; ; ; ;Caracausi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Nuccio, P. M.; Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra e Applicazioni, Universita` di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90100, Palermo, Italy ;Favara, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Nicolosi, M.; Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra e Applicazioni, Universita` di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90100, Palermo, Italy ;Paternoster, M.; Dipartimento Scienze Geologiche, Universita` della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy; ; ; ; Geochemical investigations have shown that there is a considerable inflow of gas into both crater lakes of Monticchio, Southern Italy. These lakes are located in two maars that formed 140 000 years ago during Mt. Vulture volcano s last eruptive activity. Isotopic analyses suggest that CO2 and helium are of magmatic origin; the latter displays 3He ⁄ 4He isotope ratios similar to those measured in olivines of the maar ejecta. In spite of the fact that the amount of dissolved gases in the water is less than that found in Lake Nyos (Cameroon), both the results obtained and the historical reports studied indicate that these crater lakes could be highly hazardous sites, even though they are located in a region currently considered inactive. This could be of special significance in very popular tourist areas such as the Monticchio lakes, which are visited by about 30 000 people throughout the summer, for the most part on Sundays.264 26 - PublicationRestrictedMantle-derived fluids discharged at the Bradanic foredeep/Apulian foreland boundary: the Maschito geothermal gas emissions (southern Italy)(2014)
; ; ; ;Nuccio, P. M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Caracausi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Costa, M.; Università di Palermo; ; The mephitis of Maschito, known since historical times as Lago Fetente (Smelly Lake) -although the lake is now dry-, is located twenty kilometers from the Mt. Vulture volcanic edifice (Southern Italy). It is placed along the same regional tectonic discontinuity where some maars are located, close to the boundary between the foredeep and the Apulian foreland. About 300 m2 of surface is lacking in flora, while dead animals are frequently found all around it. The smelly exhalations are mainly composed of CO2 (∼ 98 %), and, in lesser amounts, of H2S, N2, CH4 and other hydrocarbons. He, Ne and Ar occur in trace amounts. The CO2 isotopic composition is in the range of that of the main active Italian volcanic gases. The helium isotopic ratio (4.7 Ra) fits with the values measured in Mt. Vulture volcano and particularly with the olivine and pyroxene fluid inclusions of mantle xenoliths ejected during its last volcanic activity (140,000 years). The 40Ar/36Ar isotopic ratio of ∼320 supports some minor non-atmospheric contributions. The C/3He ratio (2.9x109) is in the typical range of magma released fluids, while δ13C(CH4) and δD(CH4) values fall in the field of thermogenic methane. T The amount of CO2 released is about 3200 tons/year. The flux of mantle-derived helium (> 7 x1010 atoms m-2s-1) is at least three orders of magnitude higher than that of a stable continental crust. This study strongly supports the possibility that Maschito manifestations are fed by a geothermal system, which is powered by a degassing melt, bearing in mind that the Maschito gas emissions fall along the same fault system of the Monticchio maars, which formed during Mt. Vulture volcano’s last activity.205 60 - PublicationRestrictedEvidence of a recent input of magmatic gases into the quiescent volcanic edifice of Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy(2004)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Caliro, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Caracausi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Chiodini, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Ditta, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Italiano, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Longo, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Minopoli, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Nuccio, P. M.; Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni, Palermo, Italy ;Paonita, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Rizzo, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; On 2nd/3rd November 2002, a huge amount of gas, mainly composed of CO2, was suddenly released from the sea bottom off the coast of Panarea, producing a ‘‘crater’’20 by 10 meters wide and 7 meters deep. The gas output was estimated to be 109 l/d, two orders of magnitude higher than that measured in the 1980s. The anomalous degassing rate lasted for some weeks, slowly decreasing to an almost constant rate of about 4 x 107 l/d after two months. The geothermo- barometric estimations revealed an increase of both the temperature and pressure in the geothermal system feeding the sampled vents. The 3He/4He ratios were similar to those measured in nearby Stromboli. We have monitored the area for the last two decades, and based on our intensive and extensive geochemical measurements, have ascertained that the geothermal reservoir has lost its steady state. We maintain that a new magmatic input caused these phenomena.294 99 - PublicationRestrictedEvidence of deep magma degassing and ascent by geochemistry of peripheral gas emissions at Mount Etna (Italy): Assessment of the magmatic reservoir pressure(2003)
; ; ; ; ; ;Caracausi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Italiano, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Paonita, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Rizzo, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Nuccio, P. M.; Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; ; ; ; Five gas discharges in the area of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) and in the near Hyblean plateau have been monitored since 1996. All the emissions displayed low contributions from crustal fluids, whereas magmatic gases were the main component. Selective dissolution of these gases into hydrothermal aquifers has been recognized and modeled, allowing us to calculate the original composition of the magma-released gases. The inferred composition of the magmatic gases exhibits synchronous variations of He/Ne and He/CO2 ratios, which are coherent with the magma degassing process. On the basis of numerical simulations of volatile degassing from Etnean basalts we have computed the initial and final pressures of the magma batches feeding the emissions. We thus can define the levels of the Etna plumbing system where magmas are stored. Pressure values were around 360 and 160 MPa for initial and final stages, respectively, meaning related depths of about 10 and 3 km below sea level, matching those obtained by geophysical investigations for the deep and shallow magma reservoirs. In addition, we have been able to recognize episodes of magma migration from the deeper reservoir toward the shallow one. An important magma injection into the shallow storage volume was detected during the onset of the 2001 eruption (17 July). No further injection had taken place during this period until September 2001, providing a possible reason for the quick exhaustion of the eruption. In view of this we suggest that the sampled emissions are a powerful geochemical tool to investigate the Etna’s plumbing system and its magma dynamics, as well as the development of eruptive events.251 95 - PublicationRestrictedSteam output from fumaroles of an active volcano: Tectonic and magmatic-hydrothermal controls on the degassing system at Vulcano (Aeolian arc)(1998-12)
; ; ; ;Italiano, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Pecoraino, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Nuccio, P. M.; Univ.Palermo; ; The rcsults from measurements of extensive parameters (steam output and exhaling surface area) taken at the crater fumarolic field of Vulcano Island (Aeolian arc, southern Italy)are repoded along with a detailed description of the measuring method. The stem emission rate increased by 1 order of magnitude during the observation time (1983-19951, wlde its concenkation in the released gases was only slightly changed. During the same period the total exhaling surface expanded from 50 m2 to more than 2400 m2 and evolved following preferential trends that coincide with the maul tectonic structures of the island. The observed peaks in steam output slow a positive correlation with episodes of volcanic activity unrest. The temporal increase of steam output and the observed development in the exhaling surface areas are consistent with a volcaxo-tectonic triggering or the exhalating tivity. Particularly, the peaks in the steam outpuat re interpreted as a consequence of degassing from an active magma, slowly moving toward the surface.468 31 - PublicationOpen AccessHelium and Carbon isotopic characterization of the dissolved gases in Mt. Etna groundwater (Italy).(2009-09-14)
; ; ; ; ;Corrao, M.; Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed applicazioni, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy ;Bartolotta, V.; 1 Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed applicazioni, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy ;Inguaggiato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Nuccio, P.M.; 1 Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed applicazioni, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy; ; ; We report the chemistry and He and C isotopic composition of dissolved gases in groundwaters of Mt. Etna for 17 sampling sites (wells, springs, artificial drainage) for the period February 2006-January 2007. A conceptual model on degassing and gas-water interaction processes, including the 2006 eruptive period of Mt. Etna is proposed. For all sites, CO2 is the most abundant dissolved gas phase, reaching concentrations up to 700 cc/l(w). Helium varies from 3,83x10-5 to 1.24x10-3 cc/l. The 13CCO2 (recalculated from 13CTDC) varies from -13.4 to -2.3 ‰ vs. V-PDB; the lower values result from mixing with organic carbon, while the higher values are identical to the C isotopic composition for Mediterranean volcanism. The 3He/4He ratios (R/RA with RA the 3He/4He ratio for air of 1.39x10-6) for dissolved gases in Etna groundwater ranges from 1.3 to 6.4 RA, depending on mixing proportions between air (1RA) and the Etnaean magmatic end-member (3He/4He = 7.1 RA). The groundwater at one site shows a clear trend towards mixing with a different magmatic end-member (3He/4He = 5.3 RA, western periphery), probably the result of the contribution of a more degassed magma. This is confirmed by the fact that this site does not show any temporal variations, as the others do during the 2006 eruption. The values for log(Ct/3He) are generally above 11, and can be as high as >13, clearly higher than log(Ct/3He) values for magmatic systems (~9.6). This is not surprising for dissolved gases, as CO2 is ~30 times more soluble in water than He wish is outgassed more easily.167 98 - PublicationRestrictedGeochemical Evidence of Melt Intrusions Along Lithospheric Faults of the Southern Apennines (Italy): Geodynamic and Seismogenic Implications(2000-06-10)
; ; ; ; ;Italiano, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Martelli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Martinelli, G.; Regione Emilia Ropmagna ;Nuccio, P. M.; Dip. CFTA Univ. Palermo; ; ; Several gas emissions, distributed along 200 km of the Southern Apennine axial zone, have been investigated. This portion of the sedimentary chain, which constitutes the accretionary prism of the westward subduction of the Adriatic plate, is subjected to a tensile stress field responsible of high-magnitude earthquakes. The studied emissions are generally CO2-dominated, have 3He/4He ratios in the range of 0.09-2.84 Ra, and display both 3He and 4He outputs in the range of those reported for the Italian active volcanoes Phlegrean Fields and Vulcano. The helium isotope ratios, together with the amount of released gas, indicate that a huge amount of mantle-derived helium is released over all the investigated area. Our geochemical data and the geophysical peculiarities of the region, such as the high heat flow and the low resistivity of rocks below a depth of 15 km, coherently indicate the presence of melt intruded into the crust along lithospheric faults. Magma intrusions along the axial part of the Southern Apennine sedimentary chain are certainly unusual, since volcanism in Central and Southern Italy is concentrated along the perityrrhenian margin of the peninsula. We suggest that melt is promoted by adiabatic uprise of the asthenosphere in the mantle wedge beneath the Apennines and it is subsequently intruded along tensile lithospheric faults, strongly affecting the thermal state of the lower crust. An inter-relation between the geodynamics, the melt intrusions and the genesis of the large earthquakes (up to M = 7.1) in the region is suggested.241 37 - PublicationOpen AccessRemote detection of fumarolic gas chemistry at Vulcano, Italy, using an FT-IR spectral radiometer(1995-06)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Mori, T.; Laboratory for Earthquake Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan ;Notsu, K.; Laboratory for Earthquake Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan ;Yasunori, T.; Laboratory for Earthquake Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan ;Wakita, H.; Laboratory for Earthquake Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan ;Nuccio, P. M.; Univ. Palermo ;Italiano, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; ; ; An infrared absorption spectroscopy remote sensing technique was used to determine the S02/HCl ratio in fumarolic plumes at Vulcano, Italy. The measurements were made from the southern crater rim of Fossa Grande Crater, about 400 m from the fumarolic area in the crater. Infrared absorption spectra of HCl and SO, were observed for four fumaroles a few tens of metres apart using the hot fumarolic surface as an infrared light source. The measured S02/HCl ratios in the FA, F47, FW and lower parti of the F21 fumaroles were 4.5-5.4, 3.5, 9.5-11.2 and 5.8 respectively. The S02/HCl ratio of the FA fumarole was higher than that of the gas collected directly in the fumarolic vent (S02/HCl ratio = 2.9), and was closer to the S~,,,,,,/HCl ratio (= 4.6) of the collected gas. Our results show that the SO,/HCl ratios of two fumaroles only a few tens of metres apart exhibits differences of about twofold. This suggests that this remote monitoring technique is capable of detecting spatial distribution in the S02/HCl ratios of volcanic plumes. Because temporal variations in S/Cl ratios can provide precursory signals for volcanic eruptions [l-31, this remote sensing technique can used efficiently for evaluation of volcanic activity.156 229 - PublicationRestrictedGenesis of chlorine and sulphur in fumarolic emissions at Vulcano Island (Italy) : assessment of pH and redox conditions in the hydrothermal system(2002)
; ; ; ;Di Liberto, V.; Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni, Universita' di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy ;Nuccio, P. M.; Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni, Universita' di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy ;Paonita, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; Chlorine- and sulphur-bearing compounds in fumarole discharges of the La Fossa crater at Vulcano Island (Italy) can be modelled by a mixing process between magmatic gases and vapour from a boiling hydrothermal system. This allows estimating the compounds in both endmembers. Magma degassing cannot explain the time variation of sulphur and HCl concentrations in the deep endmember, which are more probably linked to reactions of solid phases at depth, before mixing with the hydrothermal vapours. Based on the P^T conditions and speciation of the boiling hydrothermal system below La Fossa, the HCl and Stot contents in the hydrothermal vapours were used to compute the redox conditions and pH of the aqueous solution. The results suggest that the haematite magnetite buffer controls the hydrothermal fO2 values, while the pH has increased since the end of the 1970s. The main processes affecting pH values may be linked to Na^Ca exchanges between evolved seawater, feeding the boiling hydrothermal system, and local rocks. While Na is removed from water, calcium enters the solution, undergoes hydrolysis and produces HCl,lowering the pH of the water. The increasing water^rock ratio within the hydrothermal system lowers the Ca availability, so the aqueous solution becomes less acidic. Seawater flowing towards the boiling hydrothermal brine dissolves a large quantity of pyrite along its path. In the boiling hydrothermal system, dissolved sulphur precipitates as pyrite and anhydrite, and becomes partitioned in vapour phase as H2S and SO2. These results are in agreement with the paragenesis of hydrothermal alteration minerals recovered in drilled wells at Vulcano and are also in agreement with the isotopic composition of sulphur emitted by the crater fumaroles.425 90 - PublicationRestrictedMassive submarine gas output during the volcanic unrest off Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy): Inferences for explosive conditions(2005)
; ; ; ; ; ;Paonita, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Ditta, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Italiano, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Longo, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Nuccio, P. M.; CFTA - Università di Palermo; ; ; ; The possibility of understanding natural processes leading to explosive events in volcanic systems provides advantages for a better management of possible volcanic crises. On account of the possibility of the occurrence of other phenomena, such as tsunamis, the explosions driven by submarine volcanic systems are of particular interest, although little investigated. The recent sudden increase in the degassing activity of the submarine geothermal system of Panarea Island (Aeolian arc), has allowed us to better understand the way in which the quiet degassing activity of a submarine hydrothermal system may develop if new magma or magmatic gases feed it. We focused our investigations on the crater-shaped area where the volcanic crisis started, with the aim of evaluating whether the crater was formed by an explosive event or by sediment erosion due to the intense gas flow rate. The calculated energetic conditions, coupled with the computed physicchemical state of the fluids at the level of the deep reservoir, provided the theoretical boundary conditions of the occurred event, while suggesting that a low-energy explosion was responsible for producing the crater at the sea bottom.188 35
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