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Gurrieri, Sergio
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Gurrieri, Sergio
Email
sergio.gurrieri@ingv.it
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staff
ORCID
Researcher ID
F-9701-2014
70 results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 70
- PublicationOpen AccessSeasonal Environmental Controls on Soil CO2 Dynamics at a High CO2 Flux Sites (Piton de la Fournaise and Mayotte Volcanoes)(2023)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;Environmental parameters drive seasonal soil CO2 efflux toward the atmosphere. However, their influence is not fully understood in contexts of high CO2 fluxes where CO2 accumulates in the subsurface. A prime example are volcanoes subject to continuous CO2 diffuse degassing rising from deep magmatic reservoirs, through the subsurface and up to the atmosphere. For many of these volcanoes where soil CO2 is monitored, a seasonal influence of the atmosphere and water table is observed but not characterized. Here, we compare variations of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall and water table level with near-surface soil CO2 concentration by performing a time-lagged detrended cross-correlation analysis on years-long time series from the volcanoes of Piton de la Fournaise and Mayotte. At Piton de la Fournaise, soil CO2 variations correlate best with air temperature variations (0.81) and water table variations (0.74). In Mayotte, soil CO2 variations correlate best with atmospheric pressure variations (−0.95). We propose that at Piton de la Fournaise, the thick vadose zone and high permeability favor CO2 transfer by thermal convection. Additionally, energy transfer is decoupled from mass transfer. Slow heat transfer from the atmosphere down to the accumulated CO2 layers in the subsurface results in a delayed influence of air temperature and of the water table level on the thermal gradient between the subsurface and the atmosphere, and consequently on the efficiency of the CO2 transfer. In Mayotte, we propose that the thin vadose zone and the presence of a network of large fractures favor CO2 transfer by barometric pumping.86 6 - PublicationRestrictedPreliminary studies on the geothermal fluids of the island of Ischia: gas geochemistry(1988)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Fumarolic gases and dissolved gases in some thermal waters of Ischia were analyzed.82 6 - PublicationOpen AccessTemporal and spatial variations in soil CO2 flux exhaled in peripheral areas of Mt. Etna during the last two years(2007-04-15)
; ; ; ;Camarda, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;De Gregorio, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; European Geosciences UnionMt. Etna is the highest volcano in Europe, up today it reaches about 3320 m a.s.l. It is located in the eastern cost of Sicily (Southern Italy) which is characterized by intense tectonic activity and magmatism (Hirn et al., 1997). The Mt. Etna has a very intense degassing (Gerlach, 1991, Allard et al., 1991) which occurs both from top craters and along its flanks, mainly along the active structures (D’alessandro et al. 1995, Giammanco et al., 1998). In order to monitoring the volcanic activity, since 1989, several soil CO2 flux measurements have been periodically carried out in some areas of the volcano characterized by high CO2 emissions. In particular, the selected areas are located in the SW zone around the Paternò village and in the eastern part of the volcano, around the village of Zafferana Etnea. The measurements of CO2 flux in the areas are performed in a regular grid of about 70 sites. In the past the highest values of CO2 flux were recorded before the 1991-1993 eruption. This was the most important eruption of the last three century as regard of amount of erupted magma volume (Barberi et al., 1993). Generally till now the data about peripheral degassing have been considered only in term of total mean flux leaving aside any consideration about the spatial distribution in the single area. In the last two years, besides simply considered the variations of mean flux, an analysis of spatial distributions variations has been undertaken in order to better understand the relationships between volcano system modifications and diffuse degassing. During the same period two anomalous episodes were recorded one on May - September 2005 and the other, on May – July 2006. These two periods showed on the whole different characteristics. The first anomaly was more intense in the Zafferana area and was coupled with an intense seismic activity recorded, nearby this area. Otherwise the second episodes showed the greatest intensity in Paternò area and coincided with the occurrence of several earthquakes, with hypocentre placed about 10 km depth, few kilometers north of the Paternò. Furthermore both the episodes were associated with significantly modifications on spatial distribution of soil CO2 with shapes and the extents quite different each other. The two anomalies were due to movement and/or arrive of magma batches. The differences being between them reflect inequality in the modality and/or type of the magma rising process. Regarding the occurrence of the last eruptive period (July – December 06) should be noted, that unlike of the almost all previous eruptions, the flux remain rather high in both the areas, also after the beginning of the eruptive event.226 87 - PublicationOpen AccessContinuous monitoring of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at Stromboli volcano(2015-04)
; ; ; ;Valenza, M. ;Di Martino, R. M. R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Camarda, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Valenza, M.; Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy; ; ; Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, Palermo, ItalyGeochemical monitoring of fumarole and soil gases is a powerful tool for volcano surveillance, for investigating the subsurface magma dynamics, and for hazard assessment in volcanic areas. The monitoring of both carbon dioxide (CO2) flux, and hydrogen (H2) concentration in active volcanic areas helps to improve the understanding of the processes linking the surface gas emissions, the chemistry of the magmatic gases, and the volcanic activity. The CO2 flux measurement is a routine technique for volcano monitoring purposes, because of CO2 is the secondabundant component of the gas phase in silicate magmas, attaining saturation at the mantle to deep crustal level. The H2 concentration has provided indications concerning the oxygen fugacity of magmatic gases, a parameter that changes over a wide range of low values (1016 – 108 bar), and affects the redox state of multivalent elements. This study reports on the use a tailor-made automatic system developed for continuous monitoring purposes of H2 concentration and CO2 flux in the summit area of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian islands). The automatic device consists of an H2-selective electrochemical sensor, and two IR-spectrophotometers for measuring the CO2 flux in agreement with the dynamic concentration method. The data collected by the automatic system deployed at Stromboli from 19 May 2009 to 15 December 2010 are presented herein. The data processing provides a better understanding of the relationships between the evolution of the low temperature fumarolic emissions, and the volcanic activity. The results of the data analysis indicates that the high frequency variations exhibited by CO2 flux and H2 concentration are positively correlated with the eruptive activity of Stromboli, typically changing on time scale of hours or days. Furthermore, the investigation of the relationships between CO2 flux and H2 concentration provides an evaluation of the depth of the degassing source, by which the gas mixture containing H2 and CO2 starts to move through the rock fractures. Our data indicates that the depth of the degassing source ranges between 2 and 4 km in the volcano plumbing system, in agreement with the magma storage zone that has been proposed by other geochemical, volcanological, petrological and geophysical investigations120 88 - PublicationRestrictedA PTFE membrane for the in situ extraction of dissolved gases in natural waters: Theory and applications(2005-09-07)
; ; ; ;De Gregorio, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Valenza, M.; Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni, Via Archirafi 36, 90136 Palermo, Italy; ; A new method for extracting dissolved gases in natural waters has been developed and tested, both in the laboratory and in the field. The sampling device consists of a polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) tube (waterproof and gas permeable) sealed at one end and connected to a glass sample holder at the other end. The device is pre-evacuated and subsequently dipped in water, where the dissolved gases permeate through the PTFE tube until the pressure inside the system reaches equilibrium. A theoretical model describing the time variation in partial gas pressure inside a sampling device has been elaborated, combining the mass balance and ‘‘Solution-Diffusion Model’’ which describes the gas permeation process through a PTFE membrane). This theoretical model was used to predict the temporal evolution of the partial pressure of each gas species in the sampling device. The model was validated by numerous laboratory tests. The method was applied to the groundwater of Vulcano Island (southern Italy). The results suggest that the new sampling device could easily extract the dissolved gases from water in order to determine their chemical and isotopic composition.407 82 - PublicationOpen AccessNew perspectives on volcano monitoring in a tropical environment: Continuous measurements of soil CO2 flux at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France)(2017)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ;; ;Detecting renewal of volcanic activity is a challenging task and even more difficult in tropical settings. Continuous measurements of soil CO2 flux were carried out at the Piton de la Fournaise volcano during 2013–2016. Since this site is in the tropics, periods of heavy rainfall are in the norm. Measurements covered volcanic unrest after a hiatus of 3.5 years. We find that while temperature has the strongest effect, extreme rainfall causes short-term noise. When corrected and filtered from the environmental influence, soil CO2 time series permit to detect a major deep magmatic event during March–April 2014, 3 months before the first eruption of the new activity phase. Correlation with geophysical data sets allows timing of further stages ofupwardfluidascent.OurstudyvalidatessoilCO2fluxmonitoringintropicalenvironmentsasavaluabletoolto monitor magma transfer and to enhance understanding of volcano unrest down to the lithospheric mantle.292 33 - PublicationRestrictedIn situ permeability measurements baed on a radial gas advection model: relationships between soil permeability and diffuse CO2 degassing in volcanic areas(2006)
; ; ; ;Camarda, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Valenza, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; In this paper we have developed a new method for measuring in situ soil permeability, which is based on the theory of radial gas advection through an isotropic porous medium. The method was tested in the laboratory and at several locations on the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). It consists of a special device which generates a gas source at a depth of 50 cm and it permits measurement of the relative induced pressure in nearby soil at different depths. The characteristic error of the method was less than 10%. Furthermore, soil permeability measurements were carried out in the island of Vulcano during different periods of the year (between May 2000 and June 2001). A strong decrease in permeability in the upper layers of the soil during and after rainfall was noted, with very poor correlations between the spatial distributions of soil CO2 flux and shallow soil permeability.165 27 - PublicationRestrictedMagma-ascent processes during 2005–2009 at Mt Etna inferred by soil CO2 emissions in peripheral areas of the volcano(2012-11)
; ; ; ;Camarda, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;De Gregorio, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; In this paper, we report four years of soil CO2 emission data measured monthly at 130 sites in two peripheral areas of Mt Etna Volcano that are well known for their high discharge rates of volcanic gas. We remove the influence of atmospheric parameters, and by means of statistical analyses, we (i) demonstrate that variations in CO2 emissions are due mainly to CO2 of a deep origin and (ii) quantify the total amounts of CO2 derived from a deep magma source. Periods of anomalous deep degassing are identified in both areas. A comparison of the timing of these anomalies and geophysical data indicates that the periods of anomalous degassing can be mostly ascribed to intrusions of fresh magma into the Etna plumbing system, which is in agreement with many previous works. Based on the existing literature, we formulate an interpretative framework of magma migration within the plumbing system, consistent with temporal trends in the observed anomalies. Finally, we reconstruct the processes of recent magma ascent at Mt Etna based on our interpretative framework, published geophysical data, and records of volcanic activity.466 32 - PublicationRestrictedRelationships between diffuse CO2 emissions and volcanic activity on the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) during the period 1984–1994(2002)
; ; ; ;Diliberto, I. S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Valenza, M.; Università degli Studi di Palermo - Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni; ; Measurements of CO2 flux from the ground were periodically carried out on the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) between 1984 and 1994. Three high-flux areas were identified at the foot of the volcanic cone (La Fossa), either inside or very close to the main village. Effect of the choice of the sampling grid was evaluated. A different sampling grid resulted in similar distribution patterns, but with different CO2 fluxes. Therefore, the absolute estimate of the total flux from the investigated area includes a large degree of uncertainty, but repeated measurements with permanent sampling sites are accurate and can detect small changes. No correlation of the flux with atmospheric parameters was found at sites with high fluxes. Some periods characterized by high CO2 fluxes were observed, and a close correlation was found between the gas emissions from the ground and other geochemical and geophysical parameters such as temperature, chemical composition, steam, and SO2 flux from fumaroles, seismic energy release, and ground deformations. The results show that major temporal variations of diffuse CO2 flux are related to variations in volcanic activity.216 96 - PublicationRestrictedSmall-scale spatial variability of soil CO2 flux: Implication for monitoring strategy(2018)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;In recent decades, soil CO2 flux measurements have been often used in both volcanic and seismically active areas to investigate the interconnections between temporal and spatial anomalies in degassing and telluric activities. In this study, we focus on a narrow degassing area of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, that has been chosen for its proximity and link with the frequently active volcanic area. Our aim is to constrain the degassing in this narrow area and identify the potential processes involved in both spatial and temporal soil CO2 variations in order to provide an enhanced monitoring strategy for soil CO2 flux. We performed a geophysical survey (self-potential measurements: SP; electrical resistivity tomography: ERT) to provide a high-resolution description of the subsurface. We identified one main SP negative anomaly dividing the area in two zones. Based on these results, we set ten control points, from the site of the main SP negative anomaly up to 230 m away, where soil CO2 fluxes were weekly measured during one year of intense eruptive activity at Piton de la Fournaise. Our findings show that lateral and vertical soil heterogeneities and structures exert a strong control on the degassing pattern. We find that temporal soil CO2 flux series at control points close to the main SP negative anomaly better record variations linked to the volcanic activity. We also show that the synchronicity between the increase of soil CO2 flux and deep seismicity can be best explained by a pulsed process pushing out the CO2 already stored and fractionated in the system. Importantly, our findings show that low soil CO2 fluxes and low carbon isotopic signature are able to track variations of volcanic activity in the same way as high fluxes and high carbon isotopic signature do. This result gives important insights in terms of monitoring strategy of volcanic and seismotectonic areas in geodynamics contexts characterized by difficult environmental operational conditions as commonly met in tropical area369 7