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Distefano, Salvatore
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Distefano, Salvatore
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- PublicationOpen AccessMetodologia di preparazione di cristalli di olivina contenuti in piroclastiti dell'Etna per l'analisi delle melt inclusions(2010-11-10T08:08:14Z)
; ;Distefano, Salvatore; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia141 149 - PublicationOpen AccessIl parossismo del 12-13 gennaio 2011 al Cratere di SE: caratteristiche del deposito di caduta.(2011)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Andronico, Daniele; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Cristaldi, Antonio; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lo Castro, Maria Deborah; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Scollo, Simona; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Ciancitto, Francesco; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Distefano, Salvatore; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lodato, Luigi; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; 262 300 - PublicationRestrictedIn search of the Burdigalian GSSP: new evidence from the Contessa Section (Italy)(2019)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ;; The Contessa Section is a reference section for the early Miocene in the Mediterranean. Along this 36 m thick section 115 samples were collected and analysed for an integrated bio-magnetostratigraphic study through the Scaglia Cinerea and Bisciaro formations. Planktonic foraminifera were analysed semi-quantitatively, while calcareous nannofossils were examined using the standard quantitative method. A reliable biozonation for both fossil groups was then accomplished. The paleomagnetic analyses identified a sequence of magnetozones, then correlated with the ATNTS using the calcareous plankton bioevents. The investigated interval extends from foraminiferal Zone P22 (Chattian) to MMi2c (Burdigalian) and from calcareous nannofossils Zone MNP25a to MNN3a, thus from Chron C7An to C5En. Therefore, the section chronologically spans from 24.80 Ma to 18.10 Ma. Three hiatuses were recognised along the section: H1 at 0.63 m from the base (comprising a minimum time interval from 24.36 Ma to 23.38 Ma), H2 at 12.33 m (between 21.80 Ma and 21.35 Ma) and H3 at 34.03 (between 19.21 Ma and 18.40 Ma). All three hiatuses were correlated with regional megahiatuses identified in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Paratethys area. Furthermore, the First Occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Helicosphera ampliaperta is recognised within Chron C6An.2n at 19.77 m from the base (6 m above the volcaniclastic Raffaello Level). This event provisionally defines the Aquitanian/Burdigalian boundary according to the literature. Thus, the Contessa Section is a possible candidate for the definition of the Burdigalian Global Stratigraphic Section and Point. Finally, the age of the Raffaello Level (a regional marker horizon for the early Miocene) is discussed in this new integrated stratigraphic framework, falling in Chron C6AAn and dated between 21.09 Ma and 21.08 Ma.811 9 - PublicationOpen AccessCalcareous Nannofossil variability controlled by Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch periodicity in the Monte San Nicola section (Gelasian GSSP / MIS 100–104)(2024-09)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ; ;The Quaternary marks the beginning of the ice ages, with the establishment of a stable Northern Hemisphere ice sheet. The Monte San Nicola section, southern Sicily (Italy) is the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point of the Gelasian Stage of the Lower Quaternary Subseries and is attracting new attention for providing valuable information on paleoclimate evolution. Here we present a paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on new data from calcareous nannoplankton, the phytoplankton organisms that are sensitive to sea surface changes and water column dynamics. We adopt statistical and signal analysis to support our paleoenvironmental model. The most evident paleoenvironmental signal throughout the investigated interval is the contrast between the abundance patterns of placoliths and F. profunda, the former pointing to surface productivity (water column mixing, shallow nutricline), the latter to the establishment of a deep nutricline. The observed nutricline depth shift occurred with a regular precessional pace, following Northern Hemisphere summer insolation and, likely, North African monsoon activity. A significant periodicity of 8 kyr, in tune with late Quaternary Heinrich events, is also observed in nannoplankton taxa, supporting previous findings on the existence of suborbital climatic variability even at the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition.23 2 - PublicationOpen AccessMagmatic dynamics in the plumbing system of Mt. Etna from 1995 to 2000 as inferred by petrologic investigations(2009-06-11)
; ; ; ; ; ;Corsaro, R. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Civetta, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Di Renzo, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Distefano, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Miraglia, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; The studies performed during last decades evidenced that the feeding system of Mt. Etna is quite complex. It consists of a shallow zone, about less than 5 km deep, where a porphyritic, plagioclase-rich trachybasaltic magma is stored. This magma is the most frequently erupted at Mt. Etna during both summit and flank eruptions. A deep portion of the plumbing system also exists. Here, a sub-aphyric, plagioclase-poor basaltic magma resides and is rarely erupted during “eccentric” (Rittmann, 1973) eruptions. The study of 2001 and 2002-2003 Etna eruptions, involving both the shallow and the deep portion of the plumbing system, showed that a relationship occurs between the eruptive activity and the movements of the volcano eastern flank. In the framework of INGV-DPC 2007-2009 project, we proposed to investigate if a link exists between magma dynamics and the tectonic of the eastern flank, also before the onset of 2001 eruption. More in detail we study the period 1995-2000, when the eruptive activity occurred exclusively from the summit craters. We present the results obtained during the first stage of the project, whose goal was to investigate the magmatic processes occurring in the plumbing system of Mt. Etna from 1995 to 2000 using a petrologic approach. To this purpose we selected 25 samples of lavas and pyroclastites archived at INGV-CT and erupted from the four summit craters (Voragine, Bocca Nuova, South-East Crater and North-East Crater) during the investigated period. The study of mineralogical, petrographic, compositional (major and trace elements) and isotopic features preliminarly suggest that: i) Bocca Nuova and Voragine products show quite similar compositions throughout the investigated period. This suggests that both craters were fed by a magma stored in a common reservoir, with a buffered composition; ii) North-East Crater products are slightly more evolved than Bocca Nuova and Voragine and maintain homogeneous throughout the investigated period; iii) South-East Crater products show compositional patterns which significantly vary in time. From South-East Crater reactivation in 1996 up to September 1998, the erupted magma is different from Bocca Nuova, Voragine and North-East Crater. It results more evolved, probably due to the crystallization of plagioclase at shallow depth. From September 1998 to 4 February 1999, when a sub-terminal eruption from the South-East Crater started, the sharp variation of compositional parameters suggests the progressive arrival in the South-East Crater plumbing system of a new more primitive magma, which progressively mixed with the earlier residing one. Another recharge of the South-East Crater reservoir is evident before the onset of 2000 fire fountains at South-East Crater. In a second stage of the project we will investigate if the magmatic processes someway influenced the dynamics of the volcano eastern flank. To this purpose petrologic data will be correlated with other time-related sequence of volcanological, geophysical and geochemical parameters available in literature.143 114 - PublicationRestrictedRelationship between petrologic processes in the plumbing system of Mt. Etna and the dynamics of the eastern flank from 1995 to 2005(2013)
; ; ; ; ; ;Corsaro, R. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Di Renzo, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Distefano, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Miraglia, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Civetta, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; ; ; ; Mt. Etna volcano is located in a complex tectonic setting, with large sectors of its eastern flank sliding seaward at different rates. According to recent petrologic studies, the Etna's plumbing system has a multifaceted geometry, variable in space and time and consisting of storage zones at different depths, where magma ascending to the surface undergoes various processes, mainly fractional crystallization and mixing. In this framework we investigated a possible cause–effect relationship between the flank displacement and pre-eruptive magmatic processes in the shallow plumbing system (b5 km b.s.l.) during the decade 1995–2005. In particular, we analyzed petrography, mineral chemistry, geochemistry, Sr and Nd isotopes of the products emitted from 1995 to 2001 by the four summit craters of Etna (South-East, North-East, Bocca Nuova and Voragine). Results integrated with petrologic data already available in literature for the investigated decade, allowed us to better constrain the temporal evolution of the magmatic processes occurring in the Etna's shallow plumbing system (mainly mixing between compositionally and isotopically distinct magmas and fractional crystallization), and to make inferences on its geometry. Furthermore, a comparison between petrologic data and deformative patterns evidences that, from 1995 to July 2001, the aforementioned pre-eruptive magmatic processes did not significantly influence the volcano eastern flank dislocation, which stayed slow and fairly regular. By contrast, the onset of the 2001 flank eruption leads to an acceleration of the movement as a consequence of the ascent, of a primitive, volatile-rich, subaphyric basaltic magma from a deeper (about 10 km b.s.l.) reservoir, during the 2001 and 2002–03 activity. At least for the decade 1995–2005, pre-eruptive magmatic processes in the shallow portion (b5 km b.s.l.) of Etna's plumbing system, did not directly affect the movement of the volcano's eastern flank. Conversely, a magma intrusion which forcefully opens a new path from a deeper zone (about 10 km b.s.l.) of the plumbing system, causes a dramatic increase of deformative pattern, which strongly accelerates the slide of the eastern flank, as occurred during both 2001 and 2002–03 eruptions.302 28 - PublicationEmbargoHigh-resolution climate variability across the Piacenzian/Gelasian boundary in the Monte San Nicola section (Sicily, Italy)(2024-01-15)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ; ;The Piacenzian – Gelasian transition is a time of profound changes in the Earth's climatic regime, epitomized by the definitive establishment of large ice caps in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of the “ice ages” at ca. 2.6 Ma. This event is sharply documented in δ18O records globally by a prominent triplet of severe glacial events (MIS 100, 98 and 96) that approximate the base of the Gelasian Stage. We have reconstructed a multi-species planktic and benthic foraminiferal δ18O and δ13C record from the Monte San Nicola section (Sicily) across the Piacenzian/Gelasian boundary, with the purpose of better constraining in time the main marker criteria for recognition of the Gelasian GSSP (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) and investigating in detail the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic response of the central Mediterranean to the definitive onset of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Our results confirm the reliability and usability of the criteria originally proposed for defining the Gelasian GSSP, and significantly improve their chronology and chronostratigraphic positioning. Beyond an obvious alternation of obliquity-driven glacial-interglacial cycles, our isotopic record unraveled a pervasive climate variability in the suborbital time domain, the origin of which is still ambiguous. Altogether data presented in this paper provide the first high resolution isotopic records shedding new light both on the stratigraphic and paleoclimatic evolution of the Central Mediterranean area at the beginning of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation.165 45 - PublicationOpen AccessRelationship between magmatic processes in the plumbing system of Mt. Etna and the dynamic of the eastern flank: inferences from the petrologic study of the products erupted from 1995 to 2005(2010-07-06)
; ;Civetta, Lucia; ; ;Métrich, Nicole; ;Corsaro, Rosa Anna; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Civetta, Lucia; Università di Napoli Federico II ;Di Renzo, Valeria; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Distefano, Salvatore; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Métrich, Nicole; Laboratoire Pierre Sue, CEA-CNRS ;Miraglia, Lucia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ;Università di Napoli Federico II; ; ;Laboratoire Pierre Sue, CEA-CNRSThe Team 4 of RU 11 collected, analyzed and interpreted a set of volcanological and petrologic data (petrography, mineral chemistry, major, trace elements, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions and melt inclusions in olivine), concerning the activity and the products erupted by the four summit craters (South-East, North-East, Bocca Nuova and Voragine) of Mt. Etna from 1995 to 2001 and integrated them with petrologic data already available in literature for the flank eruptions occurring from 2001 to 2005.The results of this activity allowed: i) to identify the compositional features of the magmas stored within the shallow (< 5 km b.s.l.) and deep portion (> 5 km b.s.l.) of Mt. Etna plumbing system; ii) to identify and quantify the main magmatic processes (e.g. fractional crystallization, mixing) there occurring; iii) to better constrain the geometry (shape and depth) of Mt. Etna shallow storage zones; iv) to correlate the time related sequence of compositional data with other datasets; v) to infer if a relationship exists between the magmatic processes in the plumbing system of Mt. Etna and the dynamic of the eastern flank.176 47