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Camarda, Marco
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Camarda, Marco
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marco.camarda@ingv.it
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staff
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14032928200
38 results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 38
- PublicationRestrictedSpatial domain analysis of carbon dioxide from soils on Vulcano Island: Implications for CO2 output evaluation(2016-09-28)
; ; ; ;Di Martino, R. M. R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Capasso, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Camarda, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; The carbon dioxide emissions of volcanoes have been targeted as effective contributors of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, different sources can be effective and active at the same time in the generation and release of CO2 in volcanic zones. Since isotopic fingerprinting of CO2 allows the precise identification of different sources, coupling carbon isotope and CO2 flux measurements enables the evaluation of the mass contribution of each source to the carbon dioxide emissions. This paper accounts for the first extensive spatial analysis of coupled measurements of carbon isotopologues of CO2 in the soil gases and CO2 fluxes discharged by soils on Vulcano Island. An innovative method has been designed, tested and fine-tuned in the laboratory to measure δ13C(CO2) values directly in field using a new type of laser-based isotopologues analyzer, namely a DeltaRay™ (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The method can be used to determine the carbon isotope composition across the full range of CO2 concentrations in the soil gases (0 – 100 vol%). These data have been combined with measurements of the CO2 contents in the soil gases to distinguish CO2 from deep origins from CO2 of biogenic origin in the inhabited area of Vulcano Porto. The method of evaluating the amount of deep-origin CO2 in the soil gases is widely applicable in volcanic and geothermal zones for evaluation and monitoring purposes for both gas and volcanic hazards.866 35 - PublicationRestrictedEvaluation of carbon isotope fractionation of soil CO2 under an advective–diffusive regimen: A tool for computing the isotopic composition of unfractionated deep source(2007-06-15)
; ; ; ; ;Camarda, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;De Gregorio, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Favara, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; A physical model based on the advective–diffusion theory was developed in order to describe the mixing between a deep gas source and the atmosphere. The model was used to predict the isotopic fractionation of carbon in soil CO2. Gas samples were collected at different depths in areas characterized by different geological settings and CO2 fluxes. The relative theoretical and experimental isotopic profiles were compared and a good agreement was found. These profiles show how the isotopic composition of CO2 changes through the upper few decimeters of soil and how the amount of the isotopic fractionation is strongly influenced by soil CO2 flux. Finally, the model was used to derive the carbon isotopic composition of unfractioned deep CO2 source for all the investigated sites365 40 - PublicationOpen AccessMonitoring CO2 Hazards of Volcanic Origin: A Case Study at the Island of Vulcano (Italy) during 2021–2022(2023-09-03)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; The La Fossa volcano is near the inhabited zone of the island of Vulcano and is a suitable case for studying gas sources of different geological origins. Since the last eruption, fumarolic-solfataric ac-tivity has interested this area with fumarolic emissions, mainly at the top of the volcanic cone and at Vulcano Porto. In recent decades, the anomalous degassing zones on the island have not significantly changed their location. On the contrary, there have been several significant changes in the emission rate due to the addition of volcanic gas. In these zones, CO2 flux from the ground is responsible for a decrease in the indoor air quality. A recent increase in volcanic degassing led to an increase in the gas hazard in the inhabited area of Vulcano Island, and people were temporarily displaced from Vulcano Porto. The results of this study show that a monitoring system can be used for the early detection of transients in soil CO2 flux (φCO2) in the anomalous degassing zone of Vulcano. Syn-chronous monitoring of φCO2 and outdoor air CO2 concentration has shown variations in volcanic degassing that affect outdoor air CO2 concentration in the populated zone of Faraglione.282 8 - PublicationOpen AccessProgettazione e realizzazione di un sistema per l’acquisizione in continuo della permeabilità all’aria in situ dei suoli(2022)
; ; ; ; ; A new indirect method of estimating in situ soil air permeability is presented in this technical report. The new method is simply based on the measurement of air pressure (probe pressure) generated by pumping a constant air flux inside a special designed probe inserted into the soil. To calibrate the method, some measurements of the probe pressure were performed in some soils of the island of Vulcano, characterized by different values of the air permeability. Furthermore, technical aspects of a new device for performing continuous acquisition of the air permeability based on the new indirect method, were also described191 42 - PublicationRestrictedChange in magma supply dynamics identified in observations of soil CO2 emissions in the summit area of Mt. Etna(2014-07-17)
; ; ; ; ;De Gregorio, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Camarda, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Favara, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; We report the results of 16 months of continuous measurements of soil CO2 flux at a fumarole field in the summit area of Mt. Etna. The patterns of soil CO2 emissions suggest two contrasting degassing regimes. During the period of observation, volcanic activity at the summit craters displayed striking extremes, ranging from passive to explosive degassing, which culminated in lava fountains. These changes in activity coincided with fluctuation between the two degassing patterns. Building on the findings of previous studies, we propose an interpretative framework that explains the observed correlation in terms of a modification of the dynamics of magma supply. We argue that periods of higher CO2 flux are associated with deep open system degassing conditions, whereas low-level CO2 flux signals closed system degassing and less efficient discharge of deeply exsolved gas. An important implication of our study is that, in relation to the two degassing regimes, two types of activity are expected at the summit craters. Thus, our measurements represent a valuable tool for the evaluation of the evolution of volcanic activity571 66 - PublicationRestrictedTemporal variations in air permeability and soil CO2 flux in volcanic ash soils (island of Vulcano, Italy)(2017-08)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; Air permeability is a major physical factor affecting the advective transport of a gas through the soil, and variations in this parameter can strongly influence the emission of endogenous gases from the soil to the atmosphere. In this paper, we illustrated a new and simple method for measuring in situ air permeability based on the measurement of air pressure inside a special probe inserted into the soil. The method was designed and developed primarily to study the relationship between air permeability and the soil CO2 flux in an active volcanic area. The method was used for continuous monitoring of the air permeability at two different locations on the island of Vulcano. At the same time, the values of the atmospheric pressure, temperature, rain, and volumetric water content of the soil were also acquired to investigate their effect on soil air permeability and soil CO2 flux. The results showed that during the monitoring period, soil air permeability exhibited minor variations at each site, while larger variations in the soil CO2 flux were recorded. The effect of soil air permeability on soil CO2 flux was negligible at both sites, whereas a strong dependence of soil CO2 flux on volumetric water content and on atmospheric pressure was found. Furthermore, the variation in air permeability recorded at both sites was much lower than that predicted using some well-known predictive models, showing that the relationship among different soil transport parameters is more complex in real field conditions than would be expected by semiempirical models.513 14 - PublicationOpen AccessUNA NUOVA STAZIONE A VULCANO PER IL MONITORAGGIO DEL FLUSSO DI CALORE DAL SUOLO(2010)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Diliberto, Iole Serena; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Camarda, Marco; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Cappuzzo, Santo; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;De Gregorio, Sofia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Giudice, Gaetano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Guida, Roberto; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Madonia, Paolo; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Foresta Martin, Luigi; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; Una stazione per il monitoraggio delle variazioni del flusso di calore dal suolo è stata installata all’isola di Vulcano sul cono attivo di La Fossa, all’esterno del campo fumarolico di alta temperatura. La stazione misura i valori di temperatura del suolo a sei differenti profondità, lungo uno stesso profilo verticale. Le misure consentono di ottenere il gradiente di temperatura (°C/m) nel suolo ed il coefficiente di correlazione lineare (R2) delle temperature registrate lungo il profilo. Tali parametri (R2 e °C/m) consentono di determinare il flusso di calore nei periodi in cui la componente conduttiva è la principale forma di trasporto del calore. La stazione è stata progettata ed assemblata nel laboratorio di elettronica della sezione di Palermo dell’INGV e utilizza un programma di acquisizione ed un sistema di trasmissione interamente progettati e sviluppati dallo stesso personale. Dopo un primo periodo di osservazione dei dati e di verifiche tecniche la stazione, denominata Bordosud, è entrata nel sistema di monitoraggio geochimico dell’attività di Vulcano gestito dalle Sezione di Palermo dell’INGV. L’energia termica rilasciata da un sistema vulcanico è un parametro di primaria importanza per la sorveglianza dell’attività vulcanica. Durante i periodi intereruttivi, il calore rilasciato attraverso la circolazione dei fluidi idrotermali e l’energia termica associata all’emissione di vapore attraverso i campi fumarolici costituiscono una buona parte dell’energia totale rilasciata dal vulcano.203 322 - PublicationOpen AccessHazardous changes in soil CO2 emissions at Vulcano, Italy, in 2021(2022-10-14)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The La Fossa volcano on the Island of Vulcano, Italy, showed signs of more energetic fumarolic–solfataric activity during 2021. Several increases in volcanic gas emissions and seismicity, namely “crisis”, punctuated the passive degassing at Vulcano that had ensued after the last 1888–1890 vulcanian eruption. Most of the gases (i.e., up to 90%) were emitted at the crater cone while the diffuse degassing of CO2 at Vulcano Porto accounted for more than 10% of the volcanic emissions. Two anomalous degassing zones at the base of the volcanic cone (i.e., Palizzi and Faraglione) showed notable changes in the gas output during the volcanic crisis. In these zones, increases of soil CO2 flux (φCO2) had several practical implications other than of volcanological interest, owing to the risk related to people’s exposure to volcanic gas emissions. The results of this study reveal variations of the average φCO2 from 74 g m-2 d-1 during September 2021 to 370 g m-2 d-1 in November 2021, which were 27% and 538% higher than the statistical background since 1988 (φCO2 ≈ 58 g m-2 d-1), respectively. These observations helped in volcanic surveillance at Vulcano. The soil CO2 partitioning determined using both φCO2 and carbon isotope measurements, helped track changes in the volcanic CO2 output from 9.97 · 104 kg d-1 to 101.15 · 104 kg d-1. Estimates for volcanic CO2 suggest that the instability of a magmatic body caused a transition from background fumarolic–solfataric activity toward an unrest event after September 2021.532 76 - PublicationOpen AccessUsing pressure transients within a polymeric membrane for gas composition measurements(2009-11-05)
; ; ; ; ;De Gregorio, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Camarda, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Cappuzzo, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; The properties of polymeric membranes and measurements of gas concentrations are common elements of industrial processes and scientific research. Here we report a methodology whereby pressure measurements inside a closed polymeric membrane tube can be quantitatively related to the composition of the external gas. This approach is founded on the different rates at which the gases permeate into and out of the interior of the polymeric tube. The difference between the amounts of gas entering and leaving the tube triggers a pressure transient. The features of this transient depend on the species of the involved gases and their partial pressures and under certain conditions, allow the concentration of one or more species to be estimated. We outline the theoretical principles behind the proposed methodology and conduct laboratory tests on a device that could be adaptable to continuous measurements of CO2 partial pressure in field applications.643 316 - PublicationOpen AccessOn-field measurements of CO2 isotope composition of diffuse degassing from soils in volcanic areas: Delta-ray setup for direct measurements in the 0-100% vol. range.(2019-04-10)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; Volcanoes release carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and have been targeted as potential contributors to the global warming. Despite the evidences lay against these conjectures, the accurate estimation of the release of CO2 of volcanic origin in the atmosphere is currently unavailable because both not all the volcanoes of the world are satisfactorily monitored, and the estimations available for monitored volcanoes are often discordant. At the same time, the available estimate for the monitored volcanoes can be different according to the state of activity of the volcano.Multiple sources can be effective in the release of CO2 in volcanic zones as demonstrated by the isotopic fingerprinting of CO2. Better estimates of the amount of carbon dioxide released by different sources represent one means of improving the accuracy of the estimation of the CO2 budget in environmental systems and reducing the knowledge gaps related to the effects of the carbon cycle in the Earth-climate system. The coupled approach of carbon isotope and CO2 flux measurements allows the precise identification of different sources, and enables the evaluation of the mass contribution of each source to the carbon dioxide emissions. From a volcanological perspective, it is well known that the amount of CO2 released by soils before and during periods of unrest increases appreciably, similar to the amount of carbon dioxide released from the craters of the volcanoes. This study focuses on the application of a DeltaRayTM from Thermo Scientific, and reports the development of an innovative method for directly determining in the field the isotope composition of carbon dioxide discharged by soils at concentrations from atmospheric to 100 vol %. To settle the DeltaRayTM to the determination of the isotope composition of soil gases, a sampling method has been designed to analyse the isotope composition of the CO2 in a gas sample of unknown CO2 concentration, reduce the measurement operation time without loss of accuracy, and measure the isotope composition of the CO2 without changing the instrument configuration. The results of the first application on Vulcano (Aeolian Islands) are reported in order to evaluate the amount of hydrothermal CO2 discharged by soils. The amount of hydrothermal CO2 released by soils is not negligible because of the specific extent of the degassing surface. For the first time, the budget of the CO2 of hydrothermal origin discharged by soils on Vulcano was computed separately from the contribution of the biogenic source, and the data indicate a degassing area that is wider than that previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, the synchronous and extensive investigation of both the spatial distribution of the carbon isotope composition of CO2 and the CO2 flux provides a better assessment of the amount of CO2 of deep origin. Monitoring of this type of CO2 represents a step forward in the evaluation of the volcanic hazard.35 6