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Bisson, Marina
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Bisson, Marina
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marina.bisson@ingv.it
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- PublicationRestrictedThe Vegetation Resilience After Fire (VRAF) index: Development, implementation and an illustration from central Italy(2008)
; ; ; ; ; ;Bisson, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Fornaciai, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Coli, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Mazzarini, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Pareschi, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; ; ; ; A suitable index is proposed to evaluate the natural short–medium-term recovery capability of vegetation in burnt areas. The study area covers 2450 km2 in western Tuscany (Province of Pisa, Italy). This region is characterized by a typical Mediterranean climate and is subject to fire damage during the dry summer season. Damage is mitigated where a natural rapid regrowth of vegetation prevents soil erosion, supporting the return to a natural pre-fire state. The Vegetation Resilience After Fire (VRAF) index is based on the vegetation association, soil type and geology, and on morphological features such as slope and aspect. The results are proposed as georeferenced maps defining areas with different vegetation resilience for both high and medium burn severity. The VRAF maps estimate the natural ability of vegetation to recover after fire, and suggest where human intervention is required to improve this capability. The VRAF index was checked by monitoring vegetation regrowth after fire in three burnt areas over a five-year period using spectral signatures, the feature space and the NDVI derived from remote sensing data. This analysis indicates that the high values of the VRAF index correspond to a recovery period of almost three years. Field surveys were performed to further test the results. On the whole, the VRAF index is a good parameter for assessing the capability of vegetation to recover in northern Mediterranean areas.158 14 - PublicationRestrictedA map for volcaniclastic debris flow hazards in Apennine areas surrounding the Vesuvius volcano (Italy)(2013)
; ; ; ; ;Bisson, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Zanchetta, G.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa ;Sulpizio, R.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università di Bari ;Demi, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa; ; ; Volcaniclastic debris flows are dangerous natural phenomena that originate in volcanic areas not only during or shortly after an eruption but also during a period of volcanic quiescence,when heavy and/or persistent rains remobilize unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits. In Italy, one of the areas most affected by these phenomena is that of the Apennine Mountains which border the southern Campania Plain surrounding the Vesuvius volcano. Historical accounts record in these areas that more than 500 debris flow events occurred during the last five centuries. These events caused very dangerous consequences such as loss of life and serious damage to property. An example is the devastating event of Sarno of 5 May 1998 which caused the death of more than 150 people and considerable damage to villages located at the foot of the Apennine Hills. In order to contribute to the assessment and mitigation of the debris flow risk, we propose a zonation map that identifies the areas more prone to generation and invasion by volcaniclastic flows. This map is based on field investigations and morphometric analyses derived from a digital elevation model with spatial resolution of 10 meters.177 23 - PublicationOpen AccessRelation between alternating open/closed-conduit conditions and deformation patterns: An example from the Somma-Vesuvius volcano (southern Italy)(2018)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; We present the results of a meso-scale systematic structural analysis of fractures, faults and dykes exposed at the Somma-Vesuvius volcano (southern Italy). Observed fractures include: (i) radial and tangential (with respect the caldera axis), sub-metric to metric joints associated with the edifice load and volcano-tectonic activity (i.e.inflation, deflation and caldera collapse stages) and (ii) decameter-scale fractures related to volcanoflank instabilities. For the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, preexisting radial joints were commonly reactivated as transfer faults during the caldera formation, allowing different blocks to move toward the center of the collapsing area. Dykes occur with different geometries, includingen-echelon structures bounding structural depressions. The orientation analysis of all structures indicates that they are preferentially oriented. Furthermore, we provide a morphological lineament analysis using high-resolution Digital Terrain Models of Somma-Vesuvius. Azimuth and spatial distribution of dykes and morphological lineaments were analyzed for comparison with the old Somma Crater and Gran Cono axes, respectively. Results highlight the overprinting of radial and clustered strain patterns recorded in different volcano-tectonic evolution stages. We suggest a possible deformation evolution model in which structures develop along either radial or preferential trends, highlighting different volcanic conditions: (i) where radial patterns occur, the structures developed during volcanic inflation cycles with a closed magmatic conduit condition whereas (ii) clustered patterns are probably associated with a regional strain field that overcomes the local deformationfield, a situation typical in the case of open-conduit activity.431 54 - PublicationRestrictedVolcaniclastic flow hazard zonation in the Sub-Apennine Vesuvian area using GIS and remote sensing(2014)
; ; ; ;Bisson, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Spinetti, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Sulpizio, R.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università di Bari; ; Steep slopes mantled by pyroclastic deposits are favorable areas prone to generate hazardous volcaniclastic fl ows. In Italy, such a setting is well represented in the Campania Region, where pyroclastic deposits from the explosive activity of the Neapolitan volcanoes (Ischia, Campi Flegrei, and Somma-Vesuvius) cover the Apennine range bordering the Campanian Plain. In order to provide a useful contribution to the mitigation and prevention of these calamitous natural events, this work presents a multidisciplinary approach to improve the understanding of the volcaniclastic fl ow hazard zonation in an Apennine area of 340 km2 surrounding the Somma-Vesuvius volcano. The disruption proneness index (DPI) was calculated in order to identify the drainage basins potentially prone to generate volcaniclastic fl ows. This index is obtained by combining satellite and morphometric data in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. It is calculated for 1100 drainage basins, considering the main parameters infl uencing the slope stability (slope angle, basin shape factor, curvature, relative relief, aspect, and land cover). The land cover mapping is obtained from Landsat data and airborne high-resolution images, while the morphometric parameters are derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) with a cell size of 10 m. The result is a zonation map that classifi es the drainage basins according to different degrees of proneness to generate volcaniclastic fl ows (low, moderate, high, and very high). The drainage basins falling within high and very high classes are 66%, while 28% fall in the moderate class, and the remaining 6% fall in the low proneness class.387 79 - PublicationOpen AccessThe use of historical cartography and ALS technology to map the geomorphological changes of volcanic areas: A case study from Gran Cono of Somma-Vesuvius volcanoThe eruptive activity of a volcano modifies its surface topography through morphological changes generated by the deposition of emitted volcanic material and resulting gravity-driven processes,which can form accumulation of material in addition to the most common erosional phenomena. Mapping and quantifying such morphological changes allow to derive new data useful to better describe and understand the eruptive history of the volcano itself. Nowadays, one of the mostly used method to identify such morphological changes consists of comparing Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the volcanic area before and after an eruptive event. If the eruptive event is referred to periods prior to 1980's, the only method to reproduce DEMs consists of elaborating the historical cartography that is often available only in paper format. In thisworkwe aimto prove the reliability of this approach, presenting a study on the morphological changes (from 1876 to 1944) of the summit caldera of the Somma–Vesuvio volcano (Italy). For the first time, we compare DEMs derived from historical maps (1876, 1906 and1929) and a DEM dated 2012 obtained by remote sensing. The four models of the caldera, digitally reproducedat the same spatial resolution, are morphologically investigated through specific maps derived from the DEMs and a set of height profiles. In addition, further morphometric analyses and accurate quantifications in volume and surface are presented and discussed for a portion of the Somma-Vesuvio summit caldera, represented by the Gran Cono edifice. Considering the different typology of the source data used in this study, it is also provided a discussion on the respective accuracies that, especially for the historical maps, represent a crucial point for obtaining DEMs able to reproduce topographies more realistic as possible. For this reason, despite data source were processed following rigours criteria, the calculations of volume, surface and distance related to the morphological changes of the volcano are associated to an accurate quantification of the error. Following this, the main results obtained in this study are: i) the identification of several past volcanic deposits and the estimation of the related thicknesses, both in good agreement with published literature; ii) the quantification of the morphological changes of theGran Cono from 1876 to 1944 resulting in a volume and surface growth of 133 ×106m3(±5%) and ~0.14 km2, respectively; iii) the identification of a possible migration path of the centroid of the Gran Cono crater along the SW-NE preferential direction during the investigated period.
233 13 - PublicationOpen AccessAn interactive virtual Environment to comunicate Vesuvius eruptions numerical simulations and Pompeii history(2006)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Guidazzoli, A.; CINECA ;Diamanti, T.; CINECA ;Delli Ponti, F.; CINECA ;Neri, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Bisson, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Esposti Ongaro, T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Gori, R.; CINECA ;Pareschi, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Calori, L.; CINECA ;Imboden, S.; CINECA ;Cavazzoni, C.; CINECA ;Erbacci, G.; CINECA ;Menconi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; in the file343 724 - PublicationRestrictedThe changing face of Mount Etna’s summit area documented with Lidar technology(2008-05-09)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Mazzarini, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Tarquini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Bisson, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Isola, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Pareschi, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; Morphostructural data derived from Lidar (Light detection and ranging) surveys carried out on Mount Etna in 2005 and 2007 are compared with earlier aerophotogrammetric surveys in 1986 and 1998. These data render an unprecedentedly clear and quantitative image of morphostructural and volumetric changes that have affected the summit area of the volcano in the past two decades and permit the production of a new topographic map. The computed volume gain during the 1986–2007 period amounts to 112 ± 12 106 m3, at a mean annual rate of 5.3 106 m3. The comparison of the various surveys furthermore emphasizes the levels of accuracy and resolution of the different techniques applied. The Lidar technology used in 2007 allows production of high-precision maps in near-real-time, facilitating work concerning environmental hazards such as numerical simulations of, e.g., lava flows.706 2098 - PublicationOpen AccessData uncertainty management in volcanic hazard assessment: review and examples(2017)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; The availability of new volcanological data employed as input parameters in numerical models have allowed scientist over the past years to produce more accurate hazard maps. However, it is also true that these latter products, which are fundamental for decision-makers when dealing with long-term planning or with the management of emergency situations, might be affected by a certain degree of uncertainty. This latter one depends on many factors, and it is important to quantify the two main sources of uncertainty of a volcanic system: i) the first one related both to the incomplete knowledge of the system under investigation and to errors in data acquisition (epistemic uncertainty); ii) the second one related to the intrinsic physical variability of the system (aleatoric uncertainty). If a volcanic hazard map might be provided to civil protection authorities and decision-makers with a quantification of these sources of uncertainty, the resultant emergency planning might be undertaken with a better awareness. This presentation is therefore aimed at briefly reviewing the state of the art of the distinction between different types of uncertainty applied to volcanic hazard assessment: after a theoretical introduction, two examples from two Italian high-risk volcanoes (Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei) will illustrate how data uncertainty has been managed in specific cases related to volcanic hazard assessment.67 30 - PublicationOpen AccessProbabilistic hazard modeling of secondary pyroclastic avalanches generated by paroxysms at Stromboli (Italy)(2022)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The remobilization and avalanching of fresh pyroclastic deposits are relatively common at Stromboli. They are usually confined to the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF), a steep depression on the northwestern side of the island. However, at least during the Strombolian paroxysms in 1944, 1930, and possibly in 1906, pyroclastic avalanches occurred out of SdF, flowed in the valleys on the volcano flanks, inundated regions at low elevation, and, finally, they reached the sea and produced vaste temporary deltas. In particular, in the 1930 event, the pyroclastic avalanche reached San Vincenzo village, causing victims and damage to the buildings. In this study we perform an uncertainty quantification on the inputs of the 2D depth-averaged model, preliminary to a comparison with the available field data. In particular, because the source location of the flow is also assumed uncertain, we adopt a simplified source zonation based on the analysis of topographic slopes, distance from the eruptive craters, and watersheds basins in the upper part of the island, where thick tephra deposits could more likely accumulate during a future paroxysm.50 16 - PublicationOpen AccessThe Effects of Vent Location, Event Scale, and Time Forecasts on Pyroclastic Density Current Hazard Maps at Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy)(2017)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;This study presents a new method for producing long-term hazard maps for pyroclastic density currents (PDC) originating at Campi Flegrei caldera. Such method is based on a doubly stochastic approach and is able to combine the uncertainty assessments on the spatial location of the volcanic vent, the size of the flow and the expected time of such an event. The results are obtained by using a Monte Carlo approach and adopting a simplified invasion model based on the box model integral approximation. Temporal assessments are modeled through a Cox-type process including self-excitement effects, based on the eruptive record of the last 15 kyr. Mean and percentile maps of PDC invasion probability are produced, exploring their sensitivity to some sources of uncertainty and to the effects of the dependence between PDC scales and the caldera sector where they originated. Conditional maps representative of PDC originating inside limited zones of the caldera, or of PDC with a limited range of scales are also produced. Finally, the effect of assuming different time windows for the hazard estimates is explored, also including the potential occurrence of a sequence of multiple events. Assuming that the last eruption of Monte Nuovo (A.D. 1538) marked the beginning of a new epoch of activity similar to the previous ones, results of the statistical analysis indicate a mean probability of PDC invasion above 5% in the next 50 years on almost the entire caldera (with a probability peak of 25% in the central part of the caldera). In contrast, probability values reduce by a factor of about 3 if the entire eruptive record is considered over the last 15 kyr, i.e., including both eruptive epochs and quiescent periods.1076 109