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The development of a new 22 GHz microwave spectrometer for monitoring middle atmospheric water vapour at polar latitudes
Type
Poster session
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
Status
Unpublished
Conference Name
Issued date
November 7, 2011
Conference Location
Saint Paul, Reunion Island, France
Abstract
Water vapour is a crucial element of the climate system. Accurate observations of stratospheric humidity are needed in the equatorial belt, where water vapour crosses the tropopause, and in the Polar regions, that are affected the most by climate change trends [IPCC, 2007; Solomon et al., 2010].
Satellite-based observations provide atmospheric composition data with extensive spatial and temporal coverage, but these need to be validated and integrated by ground-based networks like GAW and NDACC Changes in middle atmospheric water vapour on time scales longer than the a satellite mission have been successfully observed by ground-based instruments
[Nedoluha et al., 2009]. Several ground-based spectrometers have been developed in the last decades to detect the water vapour rotational emission line at 22.235 GHz with heterodyne microwave receivers [e.g., Nedoluha et al., 2009; Straub et al., 2011, Forkman et al., 2003, De Wachter et al., 2011] (see map on the left). The proposed sites for long-term installation of the new spectrometer are Concordia Station, Antarctica (3233 m asl 75.10°S, 123.3°E, NDACC site) or Thule Air Base, Greenland (76.5°N, 68.8°W; NDACC site) for polar monitoring, or Mount Chacaltaya, Bolivia (5.320 m asl, 16.2ºS, 68.1ºW, GAW site) for tropical observations.
Satellite-based observations provide atmospheric composition data with extensive spatial and temporal coverage, but these need to be validated and integrated by ground-based networks like GAW and NDACC Changes in middle atmospheric water vapour on time scales longer than the a satellite mission have been successfully observed by ground-based instruments
[Nedoluha et al., 2009]. Several ground-based spectrometers have been developed in the last decades to detect the water vapour rotational emission line at 22.235 GHz with heterodyne microwave receivers [e.g., Nedoluha et al., 2009; Straub et al., 2011, Forkman et al., 2003, De Wachter et al., 2011] (see map on the left). The proposed sites for long-term installation of the new spectrometer are Concordia Station, Antarctica (3233 m asl 75.10°S, 123.3°E, NDACC site) or Thule Air Base, Greenland (76.5°N, 68.8°W; NDACC site) for polar monitoring, or Mount Chacaltaya, Bolivia (5.320 m asl, 16.2ºS, 68.1ºW, GAW site) for tropical observations.
References
IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
Solomon, S., et al. (2010), Contributions of Stratospheric Water Vapor to
Decadal Changes in the Rate of Global Warming, Science Vol. 327. no.
5970
Nedoluha, G. E., et al. (2009) -Water vapor measurements in the
mesosphere from Mauna Loa over solar cycle 23, J. Geophys. Res., 114,
D23303.
Forkman, P., P. Eriksson, and A. Winnberg (2003), The 22 GHz
radioaeronomy receiver at Onsala Space Observatory, J. Quant. Spectrosc.
Radiat. Transfer, 77, 23–42 Straub, C., et al. (2011) - ARIS-Campaign: intercomparison of three ground
based 22 GHz radiometers for middle atmospheric water vapor at the
Zugspitze in winter 2009, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 3359–3400.
De Wachter, E., Haefele, A., Kämpfer, N., Ka, Soohyun, Lee, J. E., Oh, J. J.,
The Seoul water vapor radiometer for the middle atmosphere; Calibration,
retrieval and validation, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote
Sensing, Vol. 49, No. 3, p. 1052-1062, 2011.
de Zafra, R. L., (1995) The ground-based measurements of stratospheric
trace gases using quantitative millimeter wave emission spectroscopy, in
Diagnostic tools in atmospheric physics, pp. 23-54, SIF, Bologna
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
Solomon, S., et al. (2010), Contributions of Stratospheric Water Vapor to
Decadal Changes in the Rate of Global Warming, Science Vol. 327. no.
5970
Nedoluha, G. E., et al. (2009) -Water vapor measurements in the
mesosphere from Mauna Loa over solar cycle 23, J. Geophys. Res., 114,
D23303.
Forkman, P., P. Eriksson, and A. Winnberg (2003), The 22 GHz
radioaeronomy receiver at Onsala Space Observatory, J. Quant. Spectrosc.
Radiat. Transfer, 77, 23–42 Straub, C., et al. (2011) - ARIS-Campaign: intercomparison of three ground
based 22 GHz radiometers for middle atmospheric water vapor at the
Zugspitze in winter 2009, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 3359–3400.
De Wachter, E., Haefele, A., Kämpfer, N., Ka, Soohyun, Lee, J. E., Oh, J. J.,
The Seoul water vapor radiometer for the middle atmosphere; Calibration,
retrieval and validation, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote
Sensing, Vol. 49, No. 3, p. 1052-1062, 2011.
de Zafra, R. L., (1995) The ground-based measurements of stratospheric
trace gases using quantitative millimeter wave emission spectroscopy, in
Diagnostic tools in atmospheric physics, pp. 23-54, SIF, Bologna
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