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Long time-series of chemical and isotopic compositions of Vesuvius fumaroles: evidence for deep and shallow processes
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
2/54(2011)
Publisher
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Pages (printed)
137-149
Issued date
2011
Abstract
Long time-series of chemical and isotopic compositions of Vesuvius
fumaroles were acquired in the framework of the volcanic surveillance in
the 1998-2010 period. These allow the identification of processes that
occur at shallow levels in the hydrothermal system, and variations that are
induced by deep changes in volcanic activity. Partial condensation
processes of fumarolic water under near-discharge conditions can explain
the annual 18O and deuterium variabilities that are observed at Vesuvius
fumaroles. Significant variations in the chemical compositions of
fumaroles occurred over the 1999-2002 period, which accompanied the
seismic crisis of autumn 1999, when Vesuvius was affected by the most
energetic earthquakes of its last quiescence period. A continuous increase
in the relative concentrations of CO2 and He and a general decrease in the
CH4 concentrations are interpreted as the consequence of an increment in
the relative amount of magmatic fluids in the hydrothermal system. Gas
equilibria support this hypothesis, showing a PCO2 peak that culminated in
2002, increasing from values of ~40 bar in 1998 to ~55-60 bar in 2001-
2002. We propose that the seismic crisis of 1999 marked the arrival of the
magmatic fluids into the hydrothermal system, which caused the observed
geochemical variations that started in 1999 and culminated in 2002.
fumaroles were acquired in the framework of the volcanic surveillance in
the 1998-2010 period. These allow the identification of processes that
occur at shallow levels in the hydrothermal system, and variations that are
induced by deep changes in volcanic activity. Partial condensation
processes of fumarolic water under near-discharge conditions can explain
the annual 18O and deuterium variabilities that are observed at Vesuvius
fumaroles. Significant variations in the chemical compositions of
fumaroles occurred over the 1999-2002 period, which accompanied the
seismic crisis of autumn 1999, when Vesuvius was affected by the most
energetic earthquakes of its last quiescence period. A continuous increase
in the relative concentrations of CO2 and He and a general decrease in the
CH4 concentrations are interpreted as the consequence of an increment in
the relative amount of magmatic fluids in the hydrothermal system. Gas
equilibria support this hypothesis, showing a PCO2 peak that culminated in
2002, increasing from values of ~40 bar in 1998 to ~55-60 bar in 2001-
2002. We propose that the seismic crisis of 1999 marked the arrival of the
magmatic fluids into the hydrothermal system, which caused the observed
geochemical variations that started in 1999 and culminated in 2002.
References
Aprile, F. and F. Ortolani (1979). Sulla struttura profonda della
Piana Campana. Deep structure of the Campana Plain,
Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 88, 243-261.
Arnò, V., C. Principe, M. Rosi, R. Santacroce, A. Sbrana and
M.F. Sheridan (1987). Eruptive history, In: R. Santacroce
(Editor), Somma Vesuvius, Quaderni de "La Ricerca
Scientifica", CNR, Roma, 114-8, 53-103.
Barberi, F., H. Bizouard, R. Clocchiatti, N. Metrich, R. Santacroce
and A. Sbrana (1981). The Somma-Vesuvius
magma chamber; a petrological and volcanological
approach, Bull. Volcanol., 44, 295-315.
Barberi, F. and L. Leoni (1980). Metamorphic carbonate ejecta
from Vesuvius Plinian eruptions: evidence of the
occurrence of shallow magma chambers, Bull. Volcanol.,
43, 107-120.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado and U. Riccardi (1998). Sea gravity
data in the Gulf of Naples; a contribution to delineating
the structural pattern of the Vesuvian area, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 82, 139-150.
Caliro, S., G. Chiodini, R. Avino, C. Cardellini and F. Frondini
(2005). Volcanic degassing at Somma-Vesuvio (Italy)
inferred by chemical and isotopic signatures of
LONG TIME-SERIES OF VESUVIUS FUMAROLES
groundwater, Appl. Geochem., 20, 1060-1076.
Caliro, S., C. Panichi and D. Stanzione (1998). Baseline study
of the isotopic and chemical composition of waters
associated with the Somma-Vesuvio volcanic system,
Acta Vulcanol., 10, 19-25.
Chiodini, G. (2009). CO2/CH4 ratio in fumaroles a powerful
tool to detect magma degassing episodes at quiescent
volcanoes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02302.
Chiodini, G., P. Allard, S. Caliro and F. Parello (2000). 18O
exchange between steam and carbon dioxide in volcanic
and hydrothermal gases: implications for the source of
water, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64, 2479-2488.
Chiodini, G., R. Cioni and L. Marini (1993). Reactions governing
the chemistry of crater fumaroles from Vulcano
Island, Italy, and implications for volcanic surveillance,
Appl. Geochem., 8, 357-371.
Chiodini, G., L. Marini and M. Russo (2001). Geochemical
evidence for the existence of high-temperature hydrothermal
brines at Vesuvio volcano, Italy, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 65, 2129-2147.
Cioni, R. and E. Corazza (1981). Medium-temperature fumarolic
gas sampling, Bull. Volcanol., 44, 23-29.
Cioni, R., R. Santacroce and A. Sbrana (1999). Pyroclastic
deposits as a guide for reconstruction the multi-stage
evolution of the Somma Vesuvius Caldera, Bull. Volcanol.,
61, 207-222.
Coleman, M.L., T.J. Shepherd, J.J. Durham, J.E. Rouse and
G.R. Moore (1982). Reduction of water with zinc for
hydrogen isotope analysis, Anal. Chem., 54, 993-995.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco and G. Saccorotti (2004). Seismic
source dynamics at Vesuvius volcano, Italy, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 133, 23-39.
Epstein, S. and T. Mayeda (1953). Variation of O-18 content
of waters from natural sources, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 4, 213-224.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste,
F. Parello and M. Valenza (2002). Magma-derived gas
influx and water-rock interactions in the volcanic aquifer
of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66,
963-981.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, R. Favara, S. Gurrieri and M. Valenza
(2004). Geochemical monitoring of groundwaters (1998-
2001) at Vesuvius volcano (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 133, 81-104; doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00392-5.
Federico, C., G. Capasso, A. Paonita and R. Favara (2010). Effects
of steam-heating processes on a stratified volcanic
aquifer: stable isotopes and dissolved gases in thermal
waters of Vulcano Island (Aeolian archipelago), J.
Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 192, 178-190; doi: 10.1016/
j.jvolgeores.2010.02.020.
Fiebig, J., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, A. Rizzo, J. Spangenberg and
J.C. Hunziker (2004). Chemical and isotopic equilibrium
between CO2 and CH4 in fumarolic gas discharges: generation
of CH4 in arc magmatic-hydrothermal systems,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 2321-2334.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, C. Cardellini, D. Granieri
and G. Ventura (2004). Diffuse CO2 degassing at Vesuvio,
Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642-651.
Giggenbach, W.F. (1975A simple method for the collection
and analysis of volcanic gas samples, Bull.Volcanol., 39,
132-145.
Giggenbach, W.F. (1987). Redox processes governing the
chemistry of fumarolic gas discharges from White Island,
New Zealand, Appl. Geochem., 2, 143-161.
Giggenbach, W.F. and R.L. Goguel (1989) Collection and
analysis of geothermal and volcanic water and gas
discharges, Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research Chemistry Division, Petone, New Zealand.
Giggenbach, W.F. and S. Matsuo (1991). Evaluation of results
from Second and Third IAVCEI field workshops on
Volcanic gases, Mt. Usu, Japan, and White Island, New
Zealand, Appl. Geochem., 6, 125-141.
Giggenbach, W.F. and M.K. Stewart (1982). Processes controlling
the isotopic composition of steam and water
discharges from steam vents and steam-heated pools in
geothermal areas, Geothermics, 11, 71.
Giudicepietro, F., M. Orazi, G. Scarpato, R. Peluso, L. D'Auria,
P. Ricciolino, D. Lo Bascio, A.M. Esposito, G. Borriello,
M. Capello, A. Caputo, C. Buonocunto, W. De Cesare, G.
Vilardo and M. Martini (2010). Seismological monitoring
of Mount Vesuvius (Italy): more than a century of
observations, Seism. Res. Lett., 81-4.
Henley, R.W. and M.K. Stewart (1983). Chemical and isotopic
changes in the hydrology of the Tauhara geothermal field
due to exploitation at Wairakei., J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 15, 285-314.
Horita, J. and D.J. Wesolowski (1994). Liquid-vapor fractionation
of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of water from the
freezing to the critical temperature, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 58, 3425-3437.
Iacono-Marziano, G., F. Gaillard, B. Scaillet, M. Pichavant and
G. Chiodini (2009). Role of non-mantle CO2 in the dynamics
of volcano degassing: the Mount Vesuvius example,
Geology, 37, 319-322.
Ippolito, F., F. Ortolani and M. Russo (1973). Struttura marginale
tirrenica dell'Appennino Campano; reinterpretazione
di dati di antiche ricerche di idrocarburi / The
structure of the Tyrrhenian border of the Campania
Apennines; reinterpretation of old data obtained during
the hydrocarbon exploration program, Società Geologica
Italiana, Rome, Italy.
Joron, J.L., N. Metrich, M. Rosi, R. Santacroce and A. Sbrana
(1987). Chemistry and petrography, In: R. Santacroce
(Editor), Somma-Vesuvius, Quaderni de "La Ricerca
Scientifica", CNR, Roma, 105-174.
Madonia, P., C. Federico, P. Cusano, S. Petrosino, A. Aiuppa
and S. Gurrieri (2008). Crustal dynamics of Mount Vesuvius
from 1998 to 2005: Effects on seismicity and fluid
circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B05206; doi: 10.1029/
2007JB005210.
Pescatore, T.S. and I. Sgrosso (1973). I rapporti tra la piattaforma
campano-lucana e la piattaforma abruzzese-campana
nel casertano, Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 92, 925-938.
Principe, C., D. Brocchini and M. Perillo (1999). The "Cognoli
di Trocchia" volcano and Monte Somma growth, Plinius,
22, 316-317.
Richet, P., Y. Bottinga and M. Javoy (1977). Review of hydrogen,
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and chlorine stable
isotope fractionation among gaseous molecules, Ann.
Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 5, 65-110.
Rosi, M., C. Principe and R. Vecci (1993). The 1631 Vesuvius
eruption – a reconstruction based on historical and stratigraphical
data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 151-182.
Saccorotti, G., G. Ventura, G. Vilardo (2002). Seismic swarms
related to diffusive processes; the case of Somma-Vesuvius
Volcano, Italy, Geophysics, 67, 199-203.
Santacroce, R. (1983). A general model for the behavior of the
Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 17, 237-248.
Ventura, G., G. Vilardo and P.P. Bruno (1999). The role of
flank failure in modifying the shallow plumbing system
of volcanoes: an example from Somma-Vesuvius, Italy,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3681-3684.
Zollo, A., W. Marzocchi, P. Capuano, A. Lomax and G. Iannaccone
(2002). Space and time behavior of seismic
activity at Mt. Vesuvius volcano, southern Italy, Bull.
Seismol. Soc. Am., 92, 625-640.
Piana Campana. Deep structure of the Campana Plain,
Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 88, 243-261.
Arnò, V., C. Principe, M. Rosi, R. Santacroce, A. Sbrana and
M.F. Sheridan (1987). Eruptive history, In: R. Santacroce
(Editor), Somma Vesuvius, Quaderni de "La Ricerca
Scientifica", CNR, Roma, 114-8, 53-103.
Barberi, F., H. Bizouard, R. Clocchiatti, N. Metrich, R. Santacroce
and A. Sbrana (1981). The Somma-Vesuvius
magma chamber; a petrological and volcanological
approach, Bull. Volcanol., 44, 295-315.
Barberi, F. and L. Leoni (1980). Metamorphic carbonate ejecta
from Vesuvius Plinian eruptions: evidence of the
occurrence of shallow magma chambers, Bull. Volcanol.,
43, 107-120.
Berrino, G., G. Corrado and U. Riccardi (1998). Sea gravity
data in the Gulf of Naples; a contribution to delineating
the structural pattern of the Vesuvian area, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 82, 139-150.
Caliro, S., G. Chiodini, R. Avino, C. Cardellini and F. Frondini
(2005). Volcanic degassing at Somma-Vesuvio (Italy)
inferred by chemical and isotopic signatures of
LONG TIME-SERIES OF VESUVIUS FUMAROLES
groundwater, Appl. Geochem., 20, 1060-1076.
Caliro, S., C. Panichi and D. Stanzione (1998). Baseline study
of the isotopic and chemical composition of waters
associated with the Somma-Vesuvio volcanic system,
Acta Vulcanol., 10, 19-25.
Chiodini, G. (2009). CO2/CH4 ratio in fumaroles a powerful
tool to detect magma degassing episodes at quiescent
volcanoes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02302.
Chiodini, G., P. Allard, S. Caliro and F. Parello (2000). 18O
exchange between steam and carbon dioxide in volcanic
and hydrothermal gases: implications for the source of
water, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64, 2479-2488.
Chiodini, G., R. Cioni and L. Marini (1993). Reactions governing
the chemistry of crater fumaroles from Vulcano
Island, Italy, and implications for volcanic surveillance,
Appl. Geochem., 8, 357-371.
Chiodini, G., L. Marini and M. Russo (2001). Geochemical
evidence for the existence of high-temperature hydrothermal
brines at Vesuvio volcano, Italy, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 65, 2129-2147.
Cioni, R. and E. Corazza (1981). Medium-temperature fumarolic
gas sampling, Bull. Volcanol., 44, 23-29.
Cioni, R., R. Santacroce and A. Sbrana (1999). Pyroclastic
deposits as a guide for reconstruction the multi-stage
evolution of the Somma Vesuvius Caldera, Bull. Volcanol.,
61, 207-222.
Coleman, M.L., T.J. Shepherd, J.J. Durham, J.E. Rouse and
G.R. Moore (1982). Reduction of water with zinc for
hydrogen isotope analysis, Anal. Chem., 54, 993-995.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco and G. Saccorotti (2004). Seismic
source dynamics at Vesuvius volcano, Italy, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 133, 23-39.
Epstein, S. and T. Mayeda (1953). Variation of O-18 content
of waters from natural sources, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 4, 213-224.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste,
F. Parello and M. Valenza (2002). Magma-derived gas
influx and water-rock interactions in the volcanic aquifer
of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66,
963-981.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, R. Favara, S. Gurrieri and M. Valenza
(2004). Geochemical monitoring of groundwaters (1998-
2001) at Vesuvius volcano (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 133, 81-104; doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00392-5.
Federico, C., G. Capasso, A. Paonita and R. Favara (2010). Effects
of steam-heating processes on a stratified volcanic
aquifer: stable isotopes and dissolved gases in thermal
waters of Vulcano Island (Aeolian archipelago), J.
Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 192, 178-190; doi: 10.1016/
j.jvolgeores.2010.02.020.
Fiebig, J., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, A. Rizzo, J. Spangenberg and
J.C. Hunziker (2004). Chemical and isotopic equilibrium
between CO2 and CH4 in fumarolic gas discharges: generation
of CH4 in arc magmatic-hydrothermal systems,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 2321-2334.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, C. Cardellini, D. Granieri
and G. Ventura (2004). Diffuse CO2 degassing at Vesuvio,
Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642-651.
Giggenbach, W.F. (1975A simple method for the collection
and analysis of volcanic gas samples, Bull.Volcanol., 39,
132-145.
Giggenbach, W.F. (1987). Redox processes governing the
chemistry of fumarolic gas discharges from White Island,
New Zealand, Appl. Geochem., 2, 143-161.
Giggenbach, W.F. and R.L. Goguel (1989) Collection and
analysis of geothermal and volcanic water and gas
discharges, Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research Chemistry Division, Petone, New Zealand.
Giggenbach, W.F. and S. Matsuo (1991). Evaluation of results
from Second and Third IAVCEI field workshops on
Volcanic gases, Mt. Usu, Japan, and White Island, New
Zealand, Appl. Geochem., 6, 125-141.
Giggenbach, W.F. and M.K. Stewart (1982). Processes controlling
the isotopic composition of steam and water
discharges from steam vents and steam-heated pools in
geothermal areas, Geothermics, 11, 71.
Giudicepietro, F., M. Orazi, G. Scarpato, R. Peluso, L. D'Auria,
P. Ricciolino, D. Lo Bascio, A.M. Esposito, G. Borriello,
M. Capello, A. Caputo, C. Buonocunto, W. De Cesare, G.
Vilardo and M. Martini (2010). Seismological monitoring
of Mount Vesuvius (Italy): more than a century of
observations, Seism. Res. Lett., 81-4.
Henley, R.W. and M.K. Stewart (1983). Chemical and isotopic
changes in the hydrology of the Tauhara geothermal field
due to exploitation at Wairakei., J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 15, 285-314.
Horita, J. and D.J. Wesolowski (1994). Liquid-vapor fractionation
of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of water from the
freezing to the critical temperature, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 58, 3425-3437.
Iacono-Marziano, G., F. Gaillard, B. Scaillet, M. Pichavant and
G. Chiodini (2009). Role of non-mantle CO2 in the dynamics
of volcano degassing: the Mount Vesuvius example,
Geology, 37, 319-322.
Ippolito, F., F. Ortolani and M. Russo (1973). Struttura marginale
tirrenica dell'Appennino Campano; reinterpretazione
di dati di antiche ricerche di idrocarburi / The
structure of the Tyrrhenian border of the Campania
Apennines; reinterpretation of old data obtained during
the hydrocarbon exploration program, Società Geologica
Italiana, Rome, Italy.
Joron, J.L., N. Metrich, M. Rosi, R. Santacroce and A. Sbrana
(1987). Chemistry and petrography, In: R. Santacroce
(Editor), Somma-Vesuvius, Quaderni de "La Ricerca
Scientifica", CNR, Roma, 105-174.
Madonia, P., C. Federico, P. Cusano, S. Petrosino, A. Aiuppa
and S. Gurrieri (2008). Crustal dynamics of Mount Vesuvius
from 1998 to 2005: Effects on seismicity and fluid
circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B05206; doi: 10.1029/
2007JB005210.
Pescatore, T.S. and I. Sgrosso (1973). I rapporti tra la piattaforma
campano-lucana e la piattaforma abruzzese-campana
nel casertano, Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 92, 925-938.
Principe, C., D. Brocchini and M. Perillo (1999). The "Cognoli
di Trocchia" volcano and Monte Somma growth, Plinius,
22, 316-317.
Richet, P., Y. Bottinga and M. Javoy (1977). Review of hydrogen,
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and chlorine stable
isotope fractionation among gaseous molecules, Ann.
Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 5, 65-110.
Rosi, M., C. Principe and R. Vecci (1993). The 1631 Vesuvius
eruption – a reconstruction based on historical and stratigraphical
data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 151-182.
Saccorotti, G., G. Ventura, G. Vilardo (2002). Seismic swarms
related to diffusive processes; the case of Somma-Vesuvius
Volcano, Italy, Geophysics, 67, 199-203.
Santacroce, R. (1983). A general model for the behavior of the
Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 17, 237-248.
Ventura, G., G. Vilardo and P.P. Bruno (1999). The role of
flank failure in modifying the shallow plumbing system
of volcanoes: an example from Somma-Vesuvius, Italy,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3681-3684.
Zollo, A., W. Marzocchi, P. Capuano, A. Lomax and G. Iannaccone
(2002). Space and time behavior of seismic
activity at Mt. Vesuvius volcano, southern Italy, Bull.
Seismol. Soc. Am., 92, 625-640.
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