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Real-time measurement of volcanic H2S and SO2 concentrations by UV spectroscopy
Author(s)
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
12/30(2003)
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
Pages (printed)
1652
Issued date
2003
Alternative Location
Abstract
Sulphur speciation in volcanic gases acts as a major redox buffer, and H2S/SO2 ratios represent a valuable indicator of magmatic conditions and interactions between magmatic and hydrothermal fluids. However, measurement of H2S/SO2 even by direct sampling techniques, is not straightforward. We report here on application of a small ultraviolet spectrometer for real-time field measurement of H2S and SO2 concentrations, using open-path and extractive configurations. The device was tested at fumaroles on Solfatara and Vulcano, Italy, in November 2002. H2S
concentrations of up to 220ppmm(400 ppmv) were measured directly above the Bocca Grande fumarole at Solfatara, and H2S/SO2 molar ratios of 2 and 2.4, respectively, were determined for the ‘F11’ and ‘F0’ fumaroles at Vulcano. In comparison with other optical techniques capable of multiple
volcanic gas measurements, such as laser and FTIR
spectroscopy, this approach is considerably simpler and cheaper, with the potential for autonomous, sustained hightime resolution operation.
concentrations of up to 220ppmm(400 ppmv) were measured directly above the Bocca Grande fumarole at Solfatara, and H2S/SO2 molar ratios of 2 and 2.4, respectively, were determined for the ‘F11’ and ‘F0’ fumaroles at Vulcano. In comparison with other optical techniques capable of multiple
volcanic gas measurements, such as laser and FTIR
spectroscopy, this approach is considerably simpler and cheaper, with the potential for autonomous, sustained hightime resolution operation.
References
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Chiodini, G., F. Frondini, C. Cardellini, D. Granieri, L. Marini, and G. Ventura, CO2 degassing and energy release at Solfatara volcano,
Campi Flegrei, Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 106(B8), 16213–16221, 2001.
Galle, B., C. Oppenheimer, A. Geyer, A. J. S. McGonigle, M. Edmonds,and L. A. Horrocks, A miniaturised ultraviolet spectrometer for remote
sensing of SO2 fluxes: a new tool for volcano surveillance, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 119, 241–254, 2003.
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Giggenbach,W. F., D. Tedesco, Y. Sulistiyo, A. Caprai, R. Cioni, R. Favara,T. P. Fischer, J. I. Hirabayashi, M. Korzhinsky, M. Martini, I. Menyailov,and H. Shinohara, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 108, 157–172, 2001.
Giggenbach, W. F., Chemical composition of volcanic gases, in Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards, edited by R. Scarpa and R. I. Tilling,Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 221–256, 1996.
Halmer, M. M., H.-U. Schmincke, and H.-F. Graf, The annual volcanic gas input into the atmosphere, in particular into the stratosphere: a global dataset for the past 100 years, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 115, 511–528, 2002.
McGee, K. A., M. P. Doukas, and T. M. Gerlach, Quiescent hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide degassing from Mount Baker, Washington,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4479–4482, 2001.
McGonigle, A. J. S., and C. Oppenheimer, Optical sensing of volcanic gas and aerosol emissions in Volcanic Degassing, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., in
press, 2003.
McGonigle, A. J. S., C. Oppenheimer, B. Galle, T. A. Mather, and D. M. Pyle, Walking traverse and scanning DOAS measurements of volcanic gas
emission rates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), doi:10.1029/2002GL015827,2002.
Montegrossi, G., F. Tassi, O. Vaselli, A. Buccianti, and K. Garofalo, Sulfur species in volcanic gases, Anal., Chem., 73, 3709–3715, 2001.
Rose, W. I., G. J. S. Bluth, and G. G. J. Ernst, Integrating retrievals of volcanic cloud characteristics from satellite remote sensors: A summary,Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 358, 1585– 1606, 2000.
Saito, G., H. Shinohara, and K. Kazahaya, Successive sampling of fumarolic gases and Satsuma-Iwojima and Kuju volcanoes, southwest Japan: Evaluation of short-term variations and precision of the gas sampling and analytical techniques, Geochem. J., 36, 1–20, 2002.
Symonds, R. B., W. I. Rose, G. J. S. Bluth, and T. M. Gerlach, Volcanic gas studies-methods, results, and applications, Rev. in Mineral., 30, 1– 66,1994.
Willer, U., D. Scheel, I. Kostjucenko, C. Bohling, W. Schade, and E. Faber,Fiber-optic evanescent-field laser sensor for in-situ gas diagnostics, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 58, 2427–2432, 2002.
Chiodini, G., R. Cioni, L. Marini, and C. Panichi, Origin of the fumarolic fluids of Vulcano Island, Italy and implications for volcanic surveillance,Bull. Volcanol., 57, 99–110, 1995.
Chiodini, G., F. Frondini, C. Cardellini, D. Granieri, L. Marini, and G. Ventura, CO2 degassing and energy release at Solfatara volcano,
Campi Flegrei, Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 106(B8), 16213–16221, 2001.
Galle, B., C. Oppenheimer, A. Geyer, A. J. S. McGonigle, M. Edmonds,and L. A. Horrocks, A miniaturised ultraviolet spectrometer for remote
sensing of SO2 fluxes: a new tool for volcano surveillance, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 119, 241–254, 2003.
Giggenbach, W. F., A simple method for the collection and analysis of volcanic gas samples, Bull. Volc., 39, 15–27, 1975.
Giggenbach,W. F., D. Tedesco, Y. Sulistiyo, A. Caprai, R. Cioni, R. Favara,T. P. Fischer, J. I. Hirabayashi, M. Korzhinsky, M. Martini, I. Menyailov,and H. Shinohara, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 108, 157–172, 2001.
Giggenbach, W. F., Chemical composition of volcanic gases, in Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards, edited by R. Scarpa and R. I. Tilling,Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 221–256, 1996.
Halmer, M. M., H.-U. Schmincke, and H.-F. Graf, The annual volcanic gas input into the atmosphere, in particular into the stratosphere: a global dataset for the past 100 years, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 115, 511–528, 2002.
McGee, K. A., M. P. Doukas, and T. M. Gerlach, Quiescent hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide degassing from Mount Baker, Washington,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4479–4482, 2001.
McGonigle, A. J. S., and C. Oppenheimer, Optical sensing of volcanic gas and aerosol emissions in Volcanic Degassing, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., in
press, 2003.
McGonigle, A. J. S., C. Oppenheimer, B. Galle, T. A. Mather, and D. M. Pyle, Walking traverse and scanning DOAS measurements of volcanic gas
emission rates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), doi:10.1029/2002GL015827,2002.
Montegrossi, G., F. Tassi, O. Vaselli, A. Buccianti, and K. Garofalo, Sulfur species in volcanic gases, Anal., Chem., 73, 3709–3715, 2001.
Rose, W. I., G. J. S. Bluth, and G. G. J. Ernst, Integrating retrievals of volcanic cloud characteristics from satellite remote sensors: A summary,Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 358, 1585– 1606, 2000.
Saito, G., H. Shinohara, and K. Kazahaya, Successive sampling of fumarolic gases and Satsuma-Iwojima and Kuju volcanoes, southwest Japan: Evaluation of short-term variations and precision of the gas sampling and analytical techniques, Geochem. J., 36, 1–20, 2002.
Symonds, R. B., W. I. Rose, G. J. S. Bluth, and T. M. Gerlach, Volcanic gas studies-methods, results, and applications, Rev. in Mineral., 30, 1– 66,1994.
Willer, U., D. Scheel, I. Kostjucenko, C. Bohling, W. Schade, and E. Faber,Fiber-optic evanescent-field laser sensor for in-situ gas diagnostics, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 58, 2427–2432, 2002.
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