Options
Integrated geophysical measurements on a test site for detection of buried steel drums
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
1 / 54 (2011)
Publisher
INGV
Pages (printed)
105-114
Issued date
April 26, 2011
Alternative Location
Abstract
Geophysical methods are increasingly used to detect and locate illegal waste disposal and buried toxic steel drums. This study describes the results of a test carried out in clayey-sandy ground where 12 empty steel drums had previously been buried at 4-5 m below ground level. This test was carried out with three geophysical methods for steel-drum detection: a magnetometric survey, electrical resistivity tomography with different arrays, and a multifrequency frequency-domain electromagnetic induction survey. The data show that as partially expected, the magnetometric and electromagnetic induction surveys detected the actual steel drums buried in the subsurface, while the electrical resistivity tomography mainly detected the changes in some of the physical properties of the terrain connected with the digging operations, rather than the actual presence of the steel drums.
References
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Bernstone, C., T. Dahlin, T. Ohlsson and W. Hogland (2000). DC resistivity mapping of internal landfill structures: Two pre-excavation surveys, Environ. Geol., 39 (3-4), 360-371.
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Bevan, B. W. (1983): Quantitative magnetic analysis of landfill, Geosight Technical Report. #1.
Breiner, S. (1973). Applications manual for portable magnetometers. Geometrics, 395 Java Drive, Sunnyvale, California, 58 pp.
Chianese, D., M. D’Emilio, M. Bavusi, V. Lapenna and M. Macchiato (2006). Magnetic and ground-probing radar measurements for soil pollution mapping in the industrial area of Val Basento (Basilicata Region, southern Italy): a case study, Environ. Geol., 49 (3), 389-404.
Cochran, J. R. and K. E. Dalton (1995). Using high-density magnetic and electromagnetic data for waste characterization, a case study, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), R. S. Bell (Editor), Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society (EEGS), Orlando, Florida, p.117.
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Dahlin, T. (2001). The development of DC resistivity imaging techniques, Comput. Geosci., 27 (9), 1019-1029.
Dahlin, T. and C. Bernstone (1997). A roll-along technique for 3D resistivity data acquisition with multi-electrode array, in Proceedings of SAGEEP, R. S. Bell (Editor), EEGS, March, 1997, Reno, Nevada, 2, 927-935.
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Eskola, L., R. Puraner and H. Soininen (1999). Measurement of magnetic properties of steel sheets, Geophys. Prospect., 47 (4), 593–602.
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Furness, P. (2002). The magnetic field of steel drums, J. Appl. Geophys., 51 (2-4), 63-74.
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Godio, A. (2000). Magnetic data interpretation in an industrial waste landfill, Ann. Geophys. -Italy, 43 (2), 297-307.
Godio, A., M. C. Zanetti and L. Giordanetto (1999). Geophysical site investigation for “landfill mining”, in Processings Sardinia 99, Seventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, October 4-8, 1999, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy, 4, 587-594.
Hamzah, U., M. A. Ismail and A. R. Samsudin (2009). Geoelectrical Resistivity and Ground Penetrating Radar Techniques in the Study of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil, Sains Malaysiana, 38 (3), 305–311.
Huang, H. and D. A. Keiswetter (1997). Comparison of magnetic and electromagnetic data for underground structures, J. Environ. Eng. Geophys., 2 (2), 115-126.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2000). Conductivity and susceptibility mapping using broadband electromagnetic sensors, Environ. Eng. Geophys., 5 (4) 31-41.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2003a). Real-time resistivity sounding using a hand-held broadband electromagnetic sensor, Geophysics, 68 (4), 1224-1231.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2003b). Detecting metal object in magnetic environments by broadband electromagnetic method, Geophysics, 68 (6), 1877-1887.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2003c). Characterization of UXO-like targets using broadband electromagnetic induction sensors, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41 (3), 652-663.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2004). Electromagnetic detection of buried metallic objects using quad-quad conductivity, Geophysics, 69 (6), 1387-1393.
Jordant, E. and D. Costantini (1995). The use of Non-Invasive electromagnetic (EM) techniques for focusing environmental investigations, in Grounds Conductivity Meters for Environmental Site Evaluation, Geonics Limited (Editor), Ontario, Canada, 4-9.
Lillo, F. J, D. Gomez-Ortiz, T. Martin-Crespo, F. Carreno, I. De Bustamante and P. L. Lopez (2009). Using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to evaluate the infiltration in land application systems. A case study in the Carriòn de los Céspedes wastewater treatment plant (Seville, Spain), Desalin. Water Treat., 4 (1-3), 111-115.
Loke, M. H. (1999). Electrical imaging survey for environmental and engineering studies. Technical Notes (http://www.terrajp.co.jp/lokenote.pdf).
Loke, M. H. and R. D. Barker (1996). Practical techniques for 3D resistivity surveys and data inversion, Geophys. Prospect., 44 (3), 499-523.
Marchetti, M. (1997). Applicazioni della magnetometria alle problematiche ambientali, in particolare alle discariche, Geologia dell’ambiente, periodico della Società Italiana di Geologia Ambientale, 4, 20-23 (in Italian).
Marchetti, M. (2000). Anomalie magnetiche in aree di discarica: una breve rassegna, Atti XIX Convegno Nazionale Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra Solida (GNGTS), Roma, (in Italian).
Marchetti, M., L. Cafarella, D. Di Mauro and A. Zirizzotti (2002). Ground magnetometric survey and integrated geophysical methods for solid buried waste detection: a case study, Ann. Geophys. -Italy, 45 (3/4), 563-573.
Marchetti, M., M. Chiappini and A. Meloni (1996). Anomalie magnetiche generate da fusti metallici: gli effetti prodotti da un singolo fusto, Atti XV Convegno Nazionale CNR-GNGTS, Roma, 5-12 (in Italian).
Marchetti, M., M. Chiappini and A. Meloni (1998). A test site for magnetic detection of buried steel drums, Ann. Geophys. -Italy, 41 (3), 491-498.
Marchetti, M. and A. Meloni (1997). Ricerca di corpi metallici sepolti con tecniche magnetometriche. Una breve rassegna, Atti XVI Convegno Nazionale CNR-GNGTS, Roma (in Italian).
Marchetti, M., A. Meloni and M. Pirro (1995). Indagine magnetometrica per l’individuazione di fusti metallici sepolti in un’area di discarica, Atti del XIV Convegno CNR-GNGTS, Roma, 535-544 (in Italian).
McNeill, J. D. (1980a). Electromagnetic terrain conductivity measurement at low induction numbers. Tecnical Notes TN6, Geonics Limited (Editor), Ontario, Canada.
McNeill, J. D. (1980b). Principles and application of time domain electromagnetic techniques for resistivity sounding. Tecnical Notes TN27, Geonics Limited (Editor), Ontario, Canada.
McNeill, J. D. (1983). Use of EM31 in phase information. Tecnical Notes TN-11, Geonics Limited (Editor), Ontario, Canada.
McNeill, J. D. (1994). Use of Electromagnetic Methods for Groundwater Studies, in Geotechnical and Environmental Geophysics, Stanley H. Ward (Editor), Society of Exploration Geophysicists Investigations, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Review and Tutorial, 1, 147-190.
McNeill, J. D. (1997). The application of electromagnetic techniques to environmental geophysical surveys, Geological Society (Editor), London, Engin. Geol. Spec. Pub., 12, 103-112.
Morelli, A., G. Morelli, P. Chiara, A. Pacchini and F. Fischanger (2004). Characterization of complex archaeological sites using 3D electrical Resistivity Tomography, in Proceedings of SAGEEP 17th Annual Meeting, R. S. Bell (Editor), Colorado Spring.
Morucci, A. Prospezioni geofisiche integrate per l’individuazione di fusti metallici sepolti: realizzazione di un “test-site” a Torrita Tiberina (RM), Degree Thesis, Academic Year 2002-2003, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Science, University of Rome “La Sapienza” (in Italian).
Nasser, A., E. Mazzini and A. R. Bernardi (2003). Use of high resolution 2D electrical resistivity tomography for landslide investigation, in 4th European Congress on Regional Geoscientific Cartography and Information System, June 17-20, 2003, Bologna, Italy, 1, 64 – 66.
Norton, S. J. and I. J. Won (2001). Identification of buried unexploded ordnance from broadband electromagnetic induction data, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39 (10), 2253-2261.
Ogilvy, R., P. Meldrum and J. Chambers (1999). Imaging of industrial waste deposits and buried quarry geometry by 3D resistivity tomography, Eur. J. Engin. Environ. Geophys., 3, 103-113.
Ogilvy, R., P. Meldrum, J. Chambers and G. Williams (2002). The use of 3D electrical Resistivity Tomography to characterise waste and Leachate distribution within a closed landfill, Thriplow, UK, Eur. J. Engin. Environ. Geophys., 7 (11), 11-18.
Orlando, L. and E. Marchesi (2001). Georadar as a tool to indentify and characterize solid waste dump deposits, J. Appl. Geophys., 48 (3), 163-174.
Pierce, D., and J. De Reamer (1993). Geophysical investigation for buried drums: a case study, in Proceedings of SAGEEP, R. S. Bell and C. M. Lepper (Editors), EEGS, San Diego, California, 229-244.
Ravat, D. 1996. Magnetic properties of unrusted steel drums from laboratory and field magnetic measurements, Geophysics, 61 (5), 1325-1335.
Reynolds, J. M. (1997). An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, 565-566.
Roberts, R. L., W. J. Hinze and D. I. Leap (1990). Data enhancement procedures on magnetic data from landfill investigations, S. H. Ward (Editor), Soc. Expl. Geophys., Geotech. Environ. Geophys, 261-266.
Ruffell, A. and B. Kulessa (2009). Application of Geophysical Techniques in Identifying Illegally Buried Toxic Waste, Environ. Forensics, 10 (3), 196 – 207.
Schlinger, C. M. (1990). Magnetometer and gradiometer surveys for detection of underground storage tanks, Bull Assoc. Eng. Geol., 27 (1), 37-50.
Sheinker, A., L. Frumkis, B. Ginzburg, N. Salomonski and B. Z. Kaplan (2009). Magnetic Anomaly Detection Using a Three-Axis Magnetometer, IEEE T. Magn., 45 (1), 160-167.
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Bernstone, C. and T. Dahlin (1997). DC resistivity mapping of old landfills: two case studies, Eur. J. Engin. Environ. Geophys., 2, 121-136.
Bernstone, C. and T. Dahlin (1988). Can resistivity be used to locate heavy metal contaminated soils? In Proceedings of the 4th Meeting on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Barcelona, Spain, September 1988, 69-72.
Bernstone, C., T. Dahlin, T. Ohlsson and W. Hogland (2000). DC resistivity mapping of internal landfill structures: Two pre-excavation surveys, Environ. Geol., 39 (3-4), 360-371.
Bernstone, C., T. Dahlin and P. Ulriksen (1996). Geophysical Mapping and Monitoring of Waste Deposits (Literature study), AFR report 146, ISSN 1102-6944, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, 27pp.
Bevan, B. W. (1983): Quantitative magnetic analysis of landfill, Geosight Technical Report. #1.
Breiner, S. (1973). Applications manual for portable magnetometers. Geometrics, 395 Java Drive, Sunnyvale, California, 58 pp.
Chianese, D., M. D’Emilio, M. Bavusi, V. Lapenna and M. Macchiato (2006). Magnetic and ground-probing radar measurements for soil pollution mapping in the industrial area of Val Basento (Basilicata Region, southern Italy): a case study, Environ. Geol., 49 (3), 389-404.
Cochran, J. R. and K. E. Dalton (1995). Using high-density magnetic and electromagnetic data for waste characterization, a case study, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), R. S. Bell (Editor), Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society (EEGS), Orlando, Florida, p.117.
Dahlin, T. (1996). Two-dimensional resistivity for groundwater and environmental applications, in Proceedings of the International Congress on the Environment/Climate (ICE-96), March 1996, Rome, Italy, 1p.
Dahlin, T. (2001). The development of DC resistivity imaging techniques, Comput. Geosci., 27 (9), 1019-1029.
Dahlin, T. and C. Bernstone (1997). A roll-along technique for 3D resistivity data acquisition with multi-electrode array, in Proceedings of SAGEEP, R. S. Bell (Editor), EEGS, March, 1997, Reno, Nevada, 2, 927-935.
Dahlin, T. and H. Jeppsson (1995). Geophysical investigations of a waste deposit in southern Sweden, in Proceedings of SAGEEP ’95, R. S. Bell (Editor), EEGS, April 1995, Orlando, Florida, 97-105.
Dahlin, T. and M. H. Loke (1997). Quasi-3D resistivity imaging: mapping of 3D structures using two dimensional DC resistivity technique, in Proceedings of the 3rd Meeting of EEGS, September 1997, Aarhus, 143-146.
Daniels, J. J., R. Roberts and M. Vendl (1995). GPR for the detection of liquid contaminants, J. Appl. Geophys., 33 (1-3), 195-207.
Emerson, D. W., J. E. Reid, D. A. Clark, M. S. C. Hallett and P. B. Manning (1992). The geophysical responses of buried drums – field tests in weathered Hawkesbury Sandstone, Sydney Basin, NSW, Explor. Geophys., 23 (4), 589–617.
Eskola, L., R. Puraner and H. Soininen (1999). Measurement of magnetic properties of steel sheets, Geophys. Prospect., 47 (4), 593–602.
Finotti, F., F. Fischanger, V. Iliceto, G. Morelli and F. Zandonai (2004). Tomografia elettrica 3D dell’Area Test Bosco della Città, Rovereto (TN), in Atti del Workshop in Geofisica, Museo Civico di Rovereto, 10 dicembre 2004 (in Italian).
Fischanger, F., G. Morelli, D. J. LaBrecque and M. Occhi (2007). Monitoring resins injection with 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) using surface and multi-borehole electrode arrays, in Proceedings of SAGEEP 20th Annual meeting, R. S. Bell (Editor), EEGS, Denver.
Foley, J. E. (1994). STOLM TM Magnetic survey at Sandia National Laboratory Tecnical area 2, in Proceedings of SAGEEP, R. S. Bell and C.M. Lepper (Editors), March 27-31, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts, 895-907.
Furness, P. (2001). A note on magnetic modelling with remanence, J. Appl. Geophys., 48 (4), 257-261.
Furness, P. (2002). The magnetic field of steel drums, J. Appl. Geophys., 51 (2-4), 63-74.
Furness, P. (2007). Modelling magnetic fields due to steel drum accumulation, Geophys. Prospect., 55 (5), 737-748.
Gibson, P. J., P. Lyle and D. M. Gorge (1996). Environmental applications of magnetometry profiling, Environ. Geol., 27 (3), 178-183.
Gilkenson, R. H., S. R. Gorin and D. E. Laymon (1992). Application of magnetic and electromagnetic methods to metal detection, in Proceedings of SAGEEP, R. S. Bell (Editor), EEGS, April 26-29, 1992, Oakbrook, Illinois, 309-328.
Godio, A. (2000). Magnetic data interpretation in an industrial waste landfill, Ann. Geophys. -Italy, 43 (2), 297-307.
Godio, A., M. C. Zanetti and L. Giordanetto (1999). Geophysical site investigation for “landfill mining”, in Processings Sardinia 99, Seventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, October 4-8, 1999, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy, 4, 587-594.
Hamzah, U., M. A. Ismail and A. R. Samsudin (2009). Geoelectrical Resistivity and Ground Penetrating Radar Techniques in the Study of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil, Sains Malaysiana, 38 (3), 305–311.
Huang, H. and D. A. Keiswetter (1997). Comparison of magnetic and electromagnetic data for underground structures, J. Environ. Eng. Geophys., 2 (2), 115-126.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2000). Conductivity and susceptibility mapping using broadband electromagnetic sensors, Environ. Eng. Geophys., 5 (4) 31-41.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2003a). Real-time resistivity sounding using a hand-held broadband electromagnetic sensor, Geophysics, 68 (4), 1224-1231.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2003b). Detecting metal object in magnetic environments by broadband electromagnetic method, Geophysics, 68 (6), 1877-1887.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2003c). Characterization of UXO-like targets using broadband electromagnetic induction sensors, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41 (3), 652-663.
Huang, H. and I. J. Won (2004). Electromagnetic detection of buried metallic objects using quad-quad conductivity, Geophysics, 69 (6), 1387-1393.
Jordant, E. and D. Costantini (1995). The use of Non-Invasive electromagnetic (EM) techniques for focusing environmental investigations, in Grounds Conductivity Meters for Environmental Site Evaluation, Geonics Limited (Editor), Ontario, Canada, 4-9.
Lillo, F. J, D. Gomez-Ortiz, T. Martin-Crespo, F. Carreno, I. De Bustamante and P. L. Lopez (2009). Using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to evaluate the infiltration in land application systems. A case study in the Carriòn de los Céspedes wastewater treatment plant (Seville, Spain), Desalin. Water Treat., 4 (1-3), 111-115.
Loke, M. H. (1999). Electrical imaging survey for environmental and engineering studies. Technical Notes (http://www.terrajp.co.jp/lokenote.pdf).
Loke, M. H. and R. D. Barker (1996). Practical techniques for 3D resistivity surveys and data inversion, Geophys. Prospect., 44 (3), 499-523.
Marchetti, M. (1997). Applicazioni della magnetometria alle problematiche ambientali, in particolare alle discariche, Geologia dell’ambiente, periodico della Società Italiana di Geologia Ambientale, 4, 20-23 (in Italian).
Marchetti, M. (2000). Anomalie magnetiche in aree di discarica: una breve rassegna, Atti XIX Convegno Nazionale Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra Solida (GNGTS), Roma, (in Italian).
Marchetti, M., L. Cafarella, D. Di Mauro and A. Zirizzotti (2002). Ground magnetometric survey and integrated geophysical methods for solid buried waste detection: a case study, Ann. Geophys. -Italy, 45 (3/4), 563-573.
Marchetti, M., M. Chiappini and A. Meloni (1996). Anomalie magnetiche generate da fusti metallici: gli effetti prodotti da un singolo fusto, Atti XV Convegno Nazionale CNR-GNGTS, Roma, 5-12 (in Italian).
Marchetti, M., M. Chiappini and A. Meloni (1998). A test site for magnetic detection of buried steel drums, Ann. Geophys. -Italy, 41 (3), 491-498.
Marchetti, M. and A. Meloni (1997). Ricerca di corpi metallici sepolti con tecniche magnetometriche. Una breve rassegna, Atti XVI Convegno Nazionale CNR-GNGTS, Roma (in Italian).
Marchetti, M., A. Meloni and M. Pirro (1995). Indagine magnetometrica per l’individuazione di fusti metallici sepolti in un’area di discarica, Atti del XIV Convegno CNR-GNGTS, Roma, 535-544 (in Italian).
McNeill, J. D. (1980a). Electromagnetic terrain conductivity measurement at low induction numbers. Tecnical Notes TN6, Geonics Limited (Editor), Ontario, Canada.
McNeill, J. D. (1980b). Principles and application of time domain electromagnetic techniques for resistivity sounding. Tecnical Notes TN27, Geonics Limited (Editor), Ontario, Canada.
McNeill, J. D. (1983). Use of EM31 in phase information. Tecnical Notes TN-11, Geonics Limited (Editor), Ontario, Canada.
McNeill, J. D. (1994). Use of Electromagnetic Methods for Groundwater Studies, in Geotechnical and Environmental Geophysics, Stanley H. Ward (Editor), Society of Exploration Geophysicists Investigations, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Review and Tutorial, 1, 147-190.
McNeill, J. D. (1997). The application of electromagnetic techniques to environmental geophysical surveys, Geological Society (Editor), London, Engin. Geol. Spec. Pub., 12, 103-112.
Morelli, A., G. Morelli, P. Chiara, A. Pacchini and F. Fischanger (2004). Characterization of complex archaeological sites using 3D electrical Resistivity Tomography, in Proceedings of SAGEEP 17th Annual Meeting, R. S. Bell (Editor), Colorado Spring.
Morucci, A. Prospezioni geofisiche integrate per l’individuazione di fusti metallici sepolti: realizzazione di un “test-site” a Torrita Tiberina (RM), Degree Thesis, Academic Year 2002-2003, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Science, University of Rome “La Sapienza” (in Italian).
Nasser, A., E. Mazzini and A. R. Bernardi (2003). Use of high resolution 2D electrical resistivity tomography for landslide investigation, in 4th European Congress on Regional Geoscientific Cartography and Information System, June 17-20, 2003, Bologna, Italy, 1, 64 – 66.
Norton, S. J. and I. J. Won (2001). Identification of buried unexploded ordnance from broadband electromagnetic induction data, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39 (10), 2253-2261.
Ogilvy, R., P. Meldrum and J. Chambers (1999). Imaging of industrial waste deposits and buried quarry geometry by 3D resistivity tomography, Eur. J. Engin. Environ. Geophys., 3, 103-113.
Ogilvy, R., P. Meldrum, J. Chambers and G. Williams (2002). The use of 3D electrical Resistivity Tomography to characterise waste and Leachate distribution within a closed landfill, Thriplow, UK, Eur. J. Engin. Environ. Geophys., 7 (11), 11-18.
Orlando, L. and E. Marchesi (2001). Georadar as a tool to indentify and characterize solid waste dump deposits, J. Appl. Geophys., 48 (3), 163-174.
Pierce, D., and J. De Reamer (1993). Geophysical investigation for buried drums: a case study, in Proceedings of SAGEEP, R. S. Bell and C. M. Lepper (Editors), EEGS, San Diego, California, 229-244.
Ravat, D. 1996. Magnetic properties of unrusted steel drums from laboratory and field magnetic measurements, Geophysics, 61 (5), 1325-1335.
Reynolds, J. M. (1997). An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, 565-566.
Roberts, R. L., W. J. Hinze and D. I. Leap (1990). Data enhancement procedures on magnetic data from landfill investigations, S. H. Ward (Editor), Soc. Expl. Geophys., Geotech. Environ. Geophys, 261-266.
Ruffell, A. and B. Kulessa (2009). Application of Geophysical Techniques in Identifying Illegally Buried Toxic Waste, Environ. Forensics, 10 (3), 196 – 207.
Schlinger, C. M. (1990). Magnetometer and gradiometer surveys for detection of underground storage tanks, Bull Assoc. Eng. Geol., 27 (1), 37-50.
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