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Ionospheric precursors for crustal earthquakes in Italy
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
4/28 (2010)
Publisher
Copernicus Publications
Pages (printed)
941-950
Issued date
April 12, 2010
Abstract
Crustal earthquakes with magnitude 6.0>M 5.5
observed in Italy for the period 1979–2009 including the last
one at L’Aquila on 6 April 2009 were considered to check
if the earlier obtained relationships for ionospheric precursors
for strong Japanese earthquakes are valid for the Italian
moderate earthquakes. The ionospheric precursors are based
on the observed variations of the sporadic E-layer parameters
(h0Es, fbEs) and foF2 at the ionospheric station Rome. Empirical
dependencies for the seismo-ionospheric disturbances
relating the earthquake magnitude and the epicenter distance
are obtained and they have been shown to be similar to those
obtained earlier for Japanese earthquakes. The dependences
indicate the process of spreading the disturbance from the
epicenter towards periphery during the earthquake preparation
process. Large lead times for the precursor occurrence
(up to 34 days for M=5.8–5.9) tells about a prolong preparation
period. A possibility of using the obtained relationships
for the earthquakes prediction is discussed.
observed in Italy for the period 1979–2009 including the last
one at L’Aquila on 6 April 2009 were considered to check
if the earlier obtained relationships for ionospheric precursors
for strong Japanese earthquakes are valid for the Italian
moderate earthquakes. The ionospheric precursors are based
on the observed variations of the sporadic E-layer parameters
(h0Es, fbEs) and foF2 at the ionospheric station Rome. Empirical
dependencies for the seismo-ionospheric disturbances
relating the earthquake magnitude and the epicenter distance
are obtained and they have been shown to be similar to those
obtained earlier for Japanese earthquakes. The dependences
indicate the process of spreading the disturbance from the
epicenter towards periphery during the earthquake preparation
process. Large lead times for the precursor occurrence
(up to 34 days for M=5.8–5.9) tells about a prolong preparation
period. A possibility of using the obtained relationships
for the earthquakes prediction is discussed.
References
Bolt, B. A.: Earthquake, 4th ed., edited by: Freeman, W. H., New
York, 1999.
Bortnik, J., Cutler, J.W., Dunson, C., and Bleier, T. E.: The possible
statistical relation of Pc1 pulsations to Earthquake occurrence at
low latitudes, Ann. Geophys., 26, 2825–2836, 2008,
http://www.ann-geophys.net/26/2825/2008/.
Catalogo della Sismicita’ Italiana CSI 1.1, CNR, INGV, CSTI 1.0
Working Group, 2005.
Dabas, R. S., Das, R. M., Sharma, K., and Pillai, K. G. M.: Ionospheric
precursors observed over low latitudes during some of
the recent major earthquakes, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 69,
1813–1824, 2007.
Depueva, A. Kh., Mikhailov, A. V., and Depuev, V. Kh.: Quiet time
F2-layer disturbances at geomagnetic equator, Int. J. Geomag.
Aeronom, 5, 1–11, GI3001, doi:10.1029/2004GI000071, 2005.
Dobrovolsky, I. R., Zubkov, S. I., and Myachkin, V. I.: Estimation
of the size of earthquake preparation zones, Pageoph., 1025–
1044, 1979.
Footitt, R. J., Bailey, G. J., and Moffett, R. J.: Ion transport in the
mid-latitude F1-region, Planet Space Sci., 31, 671–687, 1983.
Freund, F.: Time resolved study of charge generation and propagation
in igneous rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11001–11019,
2000.
Gufeld, I. L. and Gusev, G. A.: Recent state of earthquake predictions
(Is there any way out of the impasse?), in: Short-term
prediction of catastrophic earthquakes using radar ground-space
methods, edited by: Strakhov, V. N. and Liperovsky, V. A.,
Moscow , 7–25, 1998.
Hao, J., Tianming, T., and Li, D.: Progress in the research of atmospheric
electric field anomaly as an index for short-impending
prediction of earthquakes, J. Earthquake Prediction Res., 8, 241–
255, 2000.
Hayakawa, M.: Atmospheric and ionospheric electromagnetic phenomena
with earthquakes, Terra Science Publishing Co., Tokyo,
1999.
Hayakawa, M. and Molchanov, O. A.: Seismo electromagnetic,
lithospheric-atmospheric-ionospheric coupling, Terra Science
Publishing Co., Tokyo, 2002.
Hayakawa, M., Pulinets, S., Parrot, S., and Molchanov, O. A.: Recent
progress in seismo-electromagnetics and related phenomena,
Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C/, 31(4–9), 129–496, 2006.
Hobara, Y. and Parrot, M.: Ionospheric perturbations linked to a
very powerful seismic event, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 67,
677–685, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.02.006, 2005.
Kim, V. P., Khegai, V. V., and Illich-Svitych, P. V.: Probability
of formation of a metallic ion layer in the nighttime midlatitude
ionospheric E-region before strong earthquakes, Geomag.
Aeronom., 33, 114–119, 1993 (in Russian).
Kim, V. P., Khegai, V. V., and Illich-Svitych, P. V.: On one possible
ionospheric precursor of earthquakes, Phys. Solid Earth, 30,
223–226, 1994 (in Russian).
Korsunova, L. P.: Precursor effects in the sporadic Es for crustal
earthquakes in Japan and Middle Asia, in: Solar-Terrestrial relationships
and electromagnetic precursors of the earthquakes, III International Conference, Paratunka, 16–21 August 2004, pp.
65–70, 2004 (in Russian).
Korsunova, L. P. and Khegai, V. V.: Medium-term ionospheric
precursors to strong earthquakes, Int. J. Geomagn. Aeron., 6,
GI3005, doi:10.1029/2005GI000122, 2006.
Korsunova, L. P. and Khegai, V. V.: Analysis of seismo-ionospheric
disturbances at the chain of Japanese stations for vertical sounding
of the ionosphere, Geomagn. Aeronom., 48, 392–399, 2008.
Liu, J. Y., Chen, Y. I., Chuo,Y. J., and Chen, C. S.: A statistical investigation
of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomaly, J. Geophys.
Res., 111, A05304, doi:10.1029/2005JA011333, 2006.
Maekawa, S., Horie, T., Yamauchi, T., Sawaya, T., Ishikawa, M.,
Hayakawa, M., and Sasaki, H.: A statistical study on the effect
of earthquakes on the ionosphere, based on the subionospheric
LF propagation data in Japan, Ann. Geophys., 24, 2219–2225,
2006,
http://www.ann-geophys.net/24/2219/2006/.
Maksyutin, S. V., Fahrutdinova, A. N., and Sherstyukov, O. N.: Es
layer and dynamics of neutral atmosphere during the periods of
geomagnetic disturbances, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 63, 545–
549, 2001.
Maksyutin, S. V. and Sherstyukov, O. N.: Dependence of Esporadic
layer response on solar and geomagnetic activity variations
from its ion composition, Adv. Space Res., 35, 1496–1499,
2005.
Mazzarella, A. and Palumbo, A.: Solar, geomagnetic and seismic
activity, Il Nuovo Cimento, Ser. 11C, 353–364, 1988.
Mikhailov, A. V., Depueva, A. Kh., and Leschinskaya, T. Yu.:
Morphology of quiet time F2-layer disturbances: High and
lower latitudes, Int. J.Geomag. Aeronom, 5, 1–14, GI1006,
doi:10.1029/2003GI000058, 2004.
Ondoh, T.: Ionospheric disturbances associated with great earthquake
of Hokkaido southwest coast, Japan of July 12, 1993,
Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors, 105, 261–269, 1998.
Ondoh, T.: Seismo-ionospheric phenomena, Adv. Space Res.,
26(N8), 1267–1272, 2000.
Ondoh, T.: Anomalous sporadic-E layers observed before M 7.2
Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake; Terrestrial gas emanation model,
Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res., 17, 96–108, 2003.
Ondoh, T.: Investigation of precursory phenomena in the ionosphere,
atmosphere and groundwater before large earthquakes of
M>6.5, Adv. Space Res., 43, 214–223, 2009.
Ondoh, T. and Hayakawa, M.: Synthetic study of precursory phenomena
of the M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, Phys. Chem.
Earth, 31, 378–388, 2006.
Pulinets, S. A., Khegai, V. V., Boyarchuk, K. A., and Lomonosov,
A. M.: Atmospheric electric field as a source of ionospheric variability,
Physics-Uspekhi, 41, 515–522, 1998.
Sharma, D. K., Israil, M., Chand, R., Rai, J., Subrahmanyam, P.,
and Garg, S. C.: Signature of seismic activities in the F2 region
ionospheric electron temperature, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.,
68, 691–696, 2006.
Silina, A. S., Liperovskaya, E. V., Liperovsky, V. A., and Meister,
C.-V.: Ionospheric phenomena before strong earthquakes, Nat.
Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 1, 113–118, 2001,
http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/1/113/2001/.
Sidorin, A. Ya.: Earthquake precursors, Nauka, M., 1992 (in Russian).
Sorokin, V. M., Yaschenko, A. K., and Hayakawa, M.: Formation
mechanism of the lower ionospheric disturbances by the atmospheric
electric current over a seismic region, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr.
Phys., 68, 1260–1268, 2006.
Strakhov, V. N. and Liperovsky, V. A. (Eds.): Short-term forecast of
catastrophic earthquakes using radiophysical ground-based and
space methods, Inst. Earth Phys., Moscow, 1999 (in Russian).
Trigunait, A., Parrot, M., Pulinets, S., and Li, F.: Variations of the
ionospheric electron density during the Bhuj seismic event, Ann.
Geophys., 22, 4123–4131, 2004,
http://www.ann-geophys.net/22/4123/2004/.
Yanben, H., Zengjian, G., Jinbing,W., and Lihua, M.: Possible triggering
of solar activity to big earthquakes (Ms 8) in faults with
near west-east strike in China, Science in China, Ser. G Physics,
Mech. Astron., 47, 173–181, 2004.
York, 1999.
Bortnik, J., Cutler, J.W., Dunson, C., and Bleier, T. E.: The possible
statistical relation of Pc1 pulsations to Earthquake occurrence at
low latitudes, Ann. Geophys., 26, 2825–2836, 2008,
http://www.ann-geophys.net/26/2825/2008/.
Catalogo della Sismicita’ Italiana CSI 1.1, CNR, INGV, CSTI 1.0
Working Group, 2005.
Dabas, R. S., Das, R. M., Sharma, K., and Pillai, K. G. M.: Ionospheric
precursors observed over low latitudes during some of
the recent major earthquakes, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 69,
1813–1824, 2007.
Depueva, A. Kh., Mikhailov, A. V., and Depuev, V. Kh.: Quiet time
F2-layer disturbances at geomagnetic equator, Int. J. Geomag.
Aeronom, 5, 1–11, GI3001, doi:10.1029/2004GI000071, 2005.
Dobrovolsky, I. R., Zubkov, S. I., and Myachkin, V. I.: Estimation
of the size of earthquake preparation zones, Pageoph., 1025–
1044, 1979.
Footitt, R. J., Bailey, G. J., and Moffett, R. J.: Ion transport in the
mid-latitude F1-region, Planet Space Sci., 31, 671–687, 1983.
Freund, F.: Time resolved study of charge generation and propagation
in igneous rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11001–11019,
2000.
Gufeld, I. L. and Gusev, G. A.: Recent state of earthquake predictions
(Is there any way out of the impasse?), in: Short-term
prediction of catastrophic earthquakes using radar ground-space
methods, edited by: Strakhov, V. N. and Liperovsky, V. A.,
Moscow , 7–25, 1998.
Hao, J., Tianming, T., and Li, D.: Progress in the research of atmospheric
electric field anomaly as an index for short-impending
prediction of earthquakes, J. Earthquake Prediction Res., 8, 241–
255, 2000.
Hayakawa, M.: Atmospheric and ionospheric electromagnetic phenomena
with earthquakes, Terra Science Publishing Co., Tokyo,
1999.
Hayakawa, M. and Molchanov, O. A.: Seismo electromagnetic,
lithospheric-atmospheric-ionospheric coupling, Terra Science
Publishing Co., Tokyo, 2002.
Hayakawa, M., Pulinets, S., Parrot, S., and Molchanov, O. A.: Recent
progress in seismo-electromagnetics and related phenomena,
Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C/, 31(4–9), 129–496, 2006.
Hobara, Y. and Parrot, M.: Ionospheric perturbations linked to a
very powerful seismic event, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 67,
677–685, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.02.006, 2005.
Kim, V. P., Khegai, V. V., and Illich-Svitych, P. V.: Probability
of formation of a metallic ion layer in the nighttime midlatitude
ionospheric E-region before strong earthquakes, Geomag.
Aeronom., 33, 114–119, 1993 (in Russian).
Kim, V. P., Khegai, V. V., and Illich-Svitych, P. V.: On one possible
ionospheric precursor of earthquakes, Phys. Solid Earth, 30,
223–226, 1994 (in Russian).
Korsunova, L. P.: Precursor effects in the sporadic Es for crustal
earthquakes in Japan and Middle Asia, in: Solar-Terrestrial relationships
and electromagnetic precursors of the earthquakes, III International Conference, Paratunka, 16–21 August 2004, pp.
65–70, 2004 (in Russian).
Korsunova, L. P. and Khegai, V. V.: Medium-term ionospheric
precursors to strong earthquakes, Int. J. Geomagn. Aeron., 6,
GI3005, doi:10.1029/2005GI000122, 2006.
Korsunova, L. P. and Khegai, V. V.: Analysis of seismo-ionospheric
disturbances at the chain of Japanese stations for vertical sounding
of the ionosphere, Geomagn. Aeronom., 48, 392–399, 2008.
Liu, J. Y., Chen, Y. I., Chuo,Y. J., and Chen, C. S.: A statistical investigation
of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomaly, J. Geophys.
Res., 111, A05304, doi:10.1029/2005JA011333, 2006.
Maekawa, S., Horie, T., Yamauchi, T., Sawaya, T., Ishikawa, M.,
Hayakawa, M., and Sasaki, H.: A statistical study on the effect
of earthquakes on the ionosphere, based on the subionospheric
LF propagation data in Japan, Ann. Geophys., 24, 2219–2225,
2006,
http://www.ann-geophys.net/24/2219/2006/.
Maksyutin, S. V., Fahrutdinova, A. N., and Sherstyukov, O. N.: Es
layer and dynamics of neutral atmosphere during the periods of
geomagnetic disturbances, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 63, 545–
549, 2001.
Maksyutin, S. V. and Sherstyukov, O. N.: Dependence of Esporadic
layer response on solar and geomagnetic activity variations
from its ion composition, Adv. Space Res., 35, 1496–1499,
2005.
Mazzarella, A. and Palumbo, A.: Solar, geomagnetic and seismic
activity, Il Nuovo Cimento, Ser. 11C, 353–364, 1988.
Mikhailov, A. V., Depueva, A. Kh., and Leschinskaya, T. Yu.:
Morphology of quiet time F2-layer disturbances: High and
lower latitudes, Int. J.Geomag. Aeronom, 5, 1–14, GI1006,
doi:10.1029/2003GI000058, 2004.
Ondoh, T.: Ionospheric disturbances associated with great earthquake
of Hokkaido southwest coast, Japan of July 12, 1993,
Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors, 105, 261–269, 1998.
Ondoh, T.: Seismo-ionospheric phenomena, Adv. Space Res.,
26(N8), 1267–1272, 2000.
Ondoh, T.: Anomalous sporadic-E layers observed before M 7.2
Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake; Terrestrial gas emanation model,
Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res., 17, 96–108, 2003.
Ondoh, T.: Investigation of precursory phenomena in the ionosphere,
atmosphere and groundwater before large earthquakes of
M>6.5, Adv. Space Res., 43, 214–223, 2009.
Ondoh, T. and Hayakawa, M.: Synthetic study of precursory phenomena
of the M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, Phys. Chem.
Earth, 31, 378–388, 2006.
Pulinets, S. A., Khegai, V. V., Boyarchuk, K. A., and Lomonosov,
A. M.: Atmospheric electric field as a source of ionospheric variability,
Physics-Uspekhi, 41, 515–522, 1998.
Sharma, D. K., Israil, M., Chand, R., Rai, J., Subrahmanyam, P.,
and Garg, S. C.: Signature of seismic activities in the F2 region
ionospheric electron temperature, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.,
68, 691–696, 2006.
Silina, A. S., Liperovskaya, E. V., Liperovsky, V. A., and Meister,
C.-V.: Ionospheric phenomena before strong earthquakes, Nat.
Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 1, 113–118, 2001,
http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/1/113/2001/.
Sidorin, A. Ya.: Earthquake precursors, Nauka, M., 1992 (in Russian).
Sorokin, V. M., Yaschenko, A. K., and Hayakawa, M.: Formation
mechanism of the lower ionospheric disturbances by the atmospheric
electric current over a seismic region, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr.
Phys., 68, 1260–1268, 2006.
Strakhov, V. N. and Liperovsky, V. A. (Eds.): Short-term forecast of
catastrophic earthquakes using radiophysical ground-based and
space methods, Inst. Earth Phys., Moscow, 1999 (in Russian).
Trigunait, A., Parrot, M., Pulinets, S., and Li, F.: Variations of the
ionospheric electron density during the Bhuj seismic event, Ann.
Geophys., 22, 4123–4131, 2004,
http://www.ann-geophys.net/22/4123/2004/.
Yanben, H., Zengjian, G., Jinbing,W., and Lihua, M.: Possible triggering
of solar activity to big earthquakes (Ms 8) in faults with
near west-east strike in China, Science in China, Ser. G Physics,
Mech. Astron., 47, 173–181, 2004.
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