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Seismological Monitoring of Mount Vesuvius (Italy): More than a Century of Observations
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
4/81(2010)
Publisher
SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
Pages (printed)
625-634
Issued date
July 2010
Abstract
Mt. Vesuvius (southern Italy) is one of the volcanoes that poses
the greatest risk in the world because of its highly explosive
eruptive style and its proximity to densely populated areas. The
urbanization around Mt. Vesuvius began in ancient times, and
the impact of eruptions on human activities has been severe.
This is testified to by the ruins of Pompeii, which are covered
by the products of the plinian eruption that took place in A.D.
79 (Sigurdsson et al. 1985), and more recently by the published
reports of the eruptions that occurred from 1631 to 1944. For
these reasons, Mt. Vesuvius was also one of the first volcanoes
to be equipped with monitoring instruments.
Pioneering instrumental observations began just before
the second half of the 1800s, when the Vesuvius Observatory
was founded in 1841 (Imbò 1949). At that time, Vesuvius was
very active (Ricciardi 2009), and its effusive and explosive eruptions
often caused damage to the surrounding areas. At the
same time, it was a famous tourist attraction that drew travelers
from all over the world (Gasparini and Musella 1991). Since
the middle of the 1800s, at least 12 eruptions have occurred
that have been superimposed on persistent intra-crater activity
that has been characterized by Strombolian explosions and by
the formation of small lava lakes. The last eruption occurred
on 18 March 1944 and marked a change in the status of Mt.
Vesuvius, as it entered a closed-conduit phase that persists
today. Following this last eruption, a change occurred in the
1960s, as documented by an increase in the occurrence rate of
earthquakes. Since 1972, the monitoring of Mt. Vesuvius has
improved over time and become more systematic, so that there
is a remarkable dataset relating to the current phase of quiescence.
Over more than a century and a half of observations, many
monitoring instruments have been used for Mt. Vesuvius,
including early seismometers, several of which are now kept in
the Museum of Volcanology of the Vesuvius Observatory. The
present monitoring system is based on seismological, geodetical geodetical,
and geochemical observations performed using an instrumental
network that was designed on the basis of the current
state of the volcano while also taking into account the likely
scenario of future unrest.
the greatest risk in the world because of its highly explosive
eruptive style and its proximity to densely populated areas. The
urbanization around Mt. Vesuvius began in ancient times, and
the impact of eruptions on human activities has been severe.
This is testified to by the ruins of Pompeii, which are covered
by the products of the plinian eruption that took place in A.D.
79 (Sigurdsson et al. 1985), and more recently by the published
reports of the eruptions that occurred from 1631 to 1944. For
these reasons, Mt. Vesuvius was also one of the first volcanoes
to be equipped with monitoring instruments.
Pioneering instrumental observations began just before
the second half of the 1800s, when the Vesuvius Observatory
was founded in 1841 (Imbò 1949). At that time, Vesuvius was
very active (Ricciardi 2009), and its effusive and explosive eruptions
often caused damage to the surrounding areas. At the
same time, it was a famous tourist attraction that drew travelers
from all over the world (Gasparini and Musella 1991). Since
the middle of the 1800s, at least 12 eruptions have occurred
that have been superimposed on persistent intra-crater activity
that has been characterized by Strombolian explosions and by
the formation of small lava lakes. The last eruption occurred
on 18 March 1944 and marked a change in the status of Mt.
Vesuvius, as it entered a closed-conduit phase that persists
today. Following this last eruption, a change occurred in the
1960s, as documented by an increase in the occurrence rate of
earthquakes. Since 1972, the monitoring of Mt. Vesuvius has
improved over time and become more systematic, so that there
is a remarkable dataset relating to the current phase of quiescence.
Over more than a century and a half of observations, many
monitoring instruments have been used for Mt. Vesuvius,
including early seismometers, several of which are now kept in
the Museum of Volcanology of the Vesuvius Observatory. The
present monitoring system is based on seismological, geodetical geodetical,
and geochemical observations performed using an instrumental
network that was designed on the basis of the current
state of the volcano while also taking into account the likely
scenario of future unrest.
References
Agustsson, K., R. Stefansson, A. T. Linde, P. Einarsson, I. S. Sacks, G. B.
Gudmundsson, and B. Thorbjarndottir (2000). Successful prediction
and warning of the 2000 eruption of Hekla based on seismicity
and strain changes. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union
81 (48), Fall Meeting Supplement.
Capello, M., C. Buonocunto, A. Caputo, W. De Cesare, M. Martini,
M. Orazi, and R. Peluso (2008). New geophysical instrumentation
realized at SMRS laboratory (INGV, Sezione di Napoli,
Osservatorio Vesuviano). European Geosciences Union General
Assembly 2008 (EGU2008), April 13–18, 2008, Vienna, Austria,
Geophysical Research Abstracts 10, EGU2008-A-10013, SRef-ID:
1607-7962/gra/EGU2008-A-10013.
Casertano, L. (1956a). I sismi vesuviani (9 Aprile 1944–31 Dicembre
1956). Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano VI serie, 2, 190–204.
Casertano, L. (1956b). Su analisi di registrazioni di sismi vesuviani.
Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano VI serie, 2, 180–189.
Casertano, L. (1968). I sismi vesuviani dal 1° Gennaio 1957 al 31
Dicembre 1964. Napoli: Associazione Geofisica Italiana.
D’Auria, L., M. Martini, A. Esposito, P. Ricciolino, and F. Giudicepietro
(2008). A unified 3D velocity model for the Neapolitan volcanic
areas. In Conception, Verification, and Application of Innovative
Techniques to Study Active Volcanoes, ed. W. Marzocchi and A. Zollo,
375–390. Rome: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
De Cesare, W., M. Orazi, R. Peluso, G. Scarpato, A. Caputo, L. D’Auria,
F. Giudicepietro, M. Martini, C. Buonocunto, M. Capello, and A.
M. Esposito (2009). The broadband seismic network of Stromboli
volcano, Italy. Seismological Research Letters 80 (3), 435–439; doi:
10.1785/gssrl.81.4.435.
De Natale, G., S. M. Petrazzuoli, C. Troise, F. Pingue, and P. Capuano
(2000). Internal stress field at Mount Vesuvius: A model for background
seismicity at a central volcano. Journal of Geophysical
Research 105, 16,207–16,214.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Saraò, C. Troise,
and G. Panza (2004). Three decades of seismic activity at Mt.
Vesuvius: 1972–2000. Pure and Applied Geophysics 161, 123–144.
Gasparini, P. and S. Musella (1991). Un viaggio al Vesuvio. Il Vesuvio visto
attraverso diari, lettere e resoconti di viaggiatori. Naples: Liguori
Editore, 308 pps.
Iannaccone, G., G. Alessio, G. Borriello, P. Cusano, S. Petrosino, P.
Ricciolino, G. Talarico, and V. Torello (2001). Characteristics of
the seismicity of Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei during the year 2000.
Annali di Geofisica 44, 1,075–1,091.
Imbò, G. (1930). Sismogrammi di esplosioni vesuviane. Bulletin
Volcanologique Septième Année Nos 23–26, 129–134.
Imbò, G. (1931–33). Agitazione armonica vesuviana. Annali Osservatorio
Vesuviano IV serie, volume III, 163–171.
Imbò G. (1949). L’Osservatorio Vesuviano e la sua attività nel primo secolo
di vita. Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano , V serie, volume unico,
9–64.
Imbò G. (1954). Sismicità del parossismo Vesuviano del marzo 1944.
Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano, VI serie, volume I, 1–211.
Imbò, G. (1964). Recenti manifestazioni dell’attività vesuviana. Atti
dell’Accademia Pontaniana 13, 3–6.
Imbò, G., L. Casertano, and V. Bonasia (1964a). Considerazioni sismogravimetriche
sulle manifestazioni vesuviane del Maggio 1964.
Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano, Serie VI, 6, 177–188.
Imbò, G., L. Casertano, and V. Bonasia (1964b). Attività vesuviana negli
ultimi anni dell’attuale periodo di riposo. Annali Osservatorio
Vesuviano, Serie VI, 6, 189–204.
Imbó, G., L. Casertano, and G. Napoleone (1968). Seismicity of Vesuvius
on its present state of activity. Bulletin of Volcanology 32 (2), 425–
435; doi 10.1007/BF02599782.
Johnson, C. E., A. Bittenbinder, B. Bogaert, L. Dietz, and W. Kohler
(1995). Earthworm: A flexible approach to seismic network processing Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Newsletter
4 (2), 1–4.
Lomax, A., A. Zollo, P. Capuano, and J. Virieux (2001). Precise, absolute
earthquake location under Somma-Vesuvius volcano using
a new three-dimensional velocity model. Geophysical Journal
International 146 (2), 313–331.
Nazzaro, A. (1997). Il Vesuvio. Storia eruttiva e teorie vulcanologiche.
Naples: Liguori Editore.
Orazi, M., M. Martini, and R. Peluso (2006). Data acquisition for volcano
monitoring. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union
87, 38; doi:10.1029/2006EO380002.
Orazi, M., R. Peluso, A. Caputo, M. Capello, C. Buonocunto, and
M. Martini (2008). A multiparametric low-power digitizer:
Project and results. In Conception, Verification, and Application of
Innovative Techniques to Study Active Volcanoes, ed. W. Marzocchi
and A. Zollo, 435–460. Rome: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia.
Palmieri, L. (1859). Origine e presenti condizioni dell’Osservatorio.
Capitolo Primo, Annali del Reale Osservatorio Meteorologico
Vesuviano anno I. Napoli: Capitolo, 9–23.
Palmieri, L. (1862). Catalogo delle scosse di terremoto segnate dal sismografo
elettro-magnetico all’Osservatorio Vesuviano durante i
mesi di Dicembre 1861, e Gennaio 1862, in occasione dell’eruzione
del Vesuvio cominciata il dì 8 Dicembre, col riscontro di alcune
osservazioni meteorologiche contemporanee. Cronaca del Vesuvio,
Annali del Reale Osservatorio Meteorologico Vesuviano anno II, volume
2, 1–20.
Palmieri, L. (1873). Relazione del grande incendio del 26 Aprile del
1872. Annali del Reale Osservatorio Meteorologico Vesuviano, nuovo
serie, anno I, Napoli, 5–91.
Ricciardi, G. P. (2009). Diario del Monte Vesuvio: Venti secoli di immagini
e cronache di un vulcano nella città. Naples: Edizioni Scientifiche
e Artistiche.
Salvaterra, L., S. Pintore, and L. Badiali (2008). Rete sismologica basata su
stazioni GAIA. Rapporti Tecnici INGV 68.
Scarpetta, S., F. Giudicepietro, C. Ezin, S. Petrosino, E. Del Pezzo, M.
Martini, and M. Marinaro (2005). Automatic classification of seismic
signals at Mt. Vesuvius volcano, Italy, using neural networks.
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95, 185–196; doi:
10.1785/0120030075.
Sigurdsson, H., S. Carey, W. Cornell, and T. Pescatore (1985). The eruption
of Vesuvius in A.D. 79. National Geographic Research 1(3),
332–387.
Vilardo, G., G. De Natale, G. Milano, and U. Coppa (1996). The seismicity
of Mt. Vesuvius. Tectonophysics 261, 127–138.
Vittozzi, P. (1952). Il periodo eruttivo Vesuviano 1913–1944 attraverso
le registrazioni sismiche. Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano VI serie,
volume I, 7–58.
Zollo, A., W. Marzocchi, P. Captano, A. Lomax, and G. Iannaccone
(2002a). Space and time behavior of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius
volcano, southern Italy. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of
America 92, 625–640; doi:10.1785/0120000287.
Zollo, A., L. D’Auria, R. De Matteis, A. Herrero, and P. Gasparini
(2002b). Bayesian estimation of 2-D p-velocity models from active
seismic arrival time data: imaging of the shallow structure of Mt.
Vesuvius (southern Italy). Geophysical Journal International 151,
566–582.
Gudmundsson, and B. Thorbjarndottir (2000). Successful prediction
and warning of the 2000 eruption of Hekla based on seismicity
and strain changes. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union
81 (48), Fall Meeting Supplement.
Capello, M., C. Buonocunto, A. Caputo, W. De Cesare, M. Martini,
M. Orazi, and R. Peluso (2008). New geophysical instrumentation
realized at SMRS laboratory (INGV, Sezione di Napoli,
Osservatorio Vesuviano). European Geosciences Union General
Assembly 2008 (EGU2008), April 13–18, 2008, Vienna, Austria,
Geophysical Research Abstracts 10, EGU2008-A-10013, SRef-ID:
1607-7962/gra/EGU2008-A-10013.
Casertano, L. (1956a). I sismi vesuviani (9 Aprile 1944–31 Dicembre
1956). Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano VI serie, 2, 190–204.
Casertano, L. (1956b). Su analisi di registrazioni di sismi vesuviani.
Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano VI serie, 2, 180–189.
Casertano, L. (1968). I sismi vesuviani dal 1° Gennaio 1957 al 31
Dicembre 1964. Napoli: Associazione Geofisica Italiana.
D’Auria, L., M. Martini, A. Esposito, P. Ricciolino, and F. Giudicepietro
(2008). A unified 3D velocity model for the Neapolitan volcanic
areas. In Conception, Verification, and Application of Innovative
Techniques to Study Active Volcanoes, ed. W. Marzocchi and A. Zollo,
375–390. Rome: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
De Cesare, W., M. Orazi, R. Peluso, G. Scarpato, A. Caputo, L. D’Auria,
F. Giudicepietro, M. Martini, C. Buonocunto, M. Capello, and A.
M. Esposito (2009). The broadband seismic network of Stromboli
volcano, Italy. Seismological Research Letters 80 (3), 435–439; doi:
10.1785/gssrl.81.4.435.
De Natale, G., S. M. Petrazzuoli, C. Troise, F. Pingue, and P. Capuano
(2000). Internal stress field at Mount Vesuvius: A model for background
seismicity at a central volcano. Journal of Geophysical
Research 105, 16,207–16,214.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Saraò, C. Troise,
and G. Panza (2004). Three decades of seismic activity at Mt.
Vesuvius: 1972–2000. Pure and Applied Geophysics 161, 123–144.
Gasparini, P. and S. Musella (1991). Un viaggio al Vesuvio. Il Vesuvio visto
attraverso diari, lettere e resoconti di viaggiatori. Naples: Liguori
Editore, 308 pps.
Iannaccone, G., G. Alessio, G. Borriello, P. Cusano, S. Petrosino, P.
Ricciolino, G. Talarico, and V. Torello (2001). Characteristics of
the seismicity of Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei during the year 2000.
Annali di Geofisica 44, 1,075–1,091.
Imbò, G. (1930). Sismogrammi di esplosioni vesuviane. Bulletin
Volcanologique Septième Année Nos 23–26, 129–134.
Imbò, G. (1931–33). Agitazione armonica vesuviana. Annali Osservatorio
Vesuviano IV serie, volume III, 163–171.
Imbò G. (1949). L’Osservatorio Vesuviano e la sua attività nel primo secolo
di vita. Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano , V serie, volume unico,
9–64.
Imbò G. (1954). Sismicità del parossismo Vesuviano del marzo 1944.
Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano, VI serie, volume I, 1–211.
Imbò, G. (1964). Recenti manifestazioni dell’attività vesuviana. Atti
dell’Accademia Pontaniana 13, 3–6.
Imbò, G., L. Casertano, and V. Bonasia (1964a). Considerazioni sismogravimetriche
sulle manifestazioni vesuviane del Maggio 1964.
Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano, Serie VI, 6, 177–188.
Imbò, G., L. Casertano, and V. Bonasia (1964b). Attività vesuviana negli
ultimi anni dell’attuale periodo di riposo. Annali Osservatorio
Vesuviano, Serie VI, 6, 189–204.
Imbó, G., L. Casertano, and G. Napoleone (1968). Seismicity of Vesuvius
on its present state of activity. Bulletin of Volcanology 32 (2), 425–
435; doi 10.1007/BF02599782.
Johnson, C. E., A. Bittenbinder, B. Bogaert, L. Dietz, and W. Kohler
(1995). Earthworm: A flexible approach to seismic network processing Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Newsletter
4 (2), 1–4.
Lomax, A., A. Zollo, P. Capuano, and J. Virieux (2001). Precise, absolute
earthquake location under Somma-Vesuvius volcano using
a new three-dimensional velocity model. Geophysical Journal
International 146 (2), 313–331.
Nazzaro, A. (1997). Il Vesuvio. Storia eruttiva e teorie vulcanologiche.
Naples: Liguori Editore.
Orazi, M., M. Martini, and R. Peluso (2006). Data acquisition for volcano
monitoring. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union
87, 38; doi:10.1029/2006EO380002.
Orazi, M., R. Peluso, A. Caputo, M. Capello, C. Buonocunto, and
M. Martini (2008). A multiparametric low-power digitizer:
Project and results. In Conception, Verification, and Application of
Innovative Techniques to Study Active Volcanoes, ed. W. Marzocchi
and A. Zollo, 435–460. Rome: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia.
Palmieri, L. (1859). Origine e presenti condizioni dell’Osservatorio.
Capitolo Primo, Annali del Reale Osservatorio Meteorologico
Vesuviano anno I. Napoli: Capitolo, 9–23.
Palmieri, L. (1862). Catalogo delle scosse di terremoto segnate dal sismografo
elettro-magnetico all’Osservatorio Vesuviano durante i
mesi di Dicembre 1861, e Gennaio 1862, in occasione dell’eruzione
del Vesuvio cominciata il dì 8 Dicembre, col riscontro di alcune
osservazioni meteorologiche contemporanee. Cronaca del Vesuvio,
Annali del Reale Osservatorio Meteorologico Vesuviano anno II, volume
2, 1–20.
Palmieri, L. (1873). Relazione del grande incendio del 26 Aprile del
1872. Annali del Reale Osservatorio Meteorologico Vesuviano, nuovo
serie, anno I, Napoli, 5–91.
Ricciardi, G. P. (2009). Diario del Monte Vesuvio: Venti secoli di immagini
e cronache di un vulcano nella città. Naples: Edizioni Scientifiche
e Artistiche.
Salvaterra, L., S. Pintore, and L. Badiali (2008). Rete sismologica basata su
stazioni GAIA. Rapporti Tecnici INGV 68.
Scarpetta, S., F. Giudicepietro, C. Ezin, S. Petrosino, E. Del Pezzo, M.
Martini, and M. Marinaro (2005). Automatic classification of seismic
signals at Mt. Vesuvius volcano, Italy, using neural networks.
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95, 185–196; doi:
10.1785/0120030075.
Sigurdsson, H., S. Carey, W. Cornell, and T. Pescatore (1985). The eruption
of Vesuvius in A.D. 79. National Geographic Research 1(3),
332–387.
Vilardo, G., G. De Natale, G. Milano, and U. Coppa (1996). The seismicity
of Mt. Vesuvius. Tectonophysics 261, 127–138.
Vittozzi, P. (1952). Il periodo eruttivo Vesuviano 1913–1944 attraverso
le registrazioni sismiche. Annali Osservatorio Vesuviano VI serie,
volume I, 7–58.
Zollo, A., W. Marzocchi, P. Captano, A. Lomax, and G. Iannaccone
(2002a). Space and time behavior of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius
volcano, southern Italy. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of
America 92, 625–640; doi:10.1785/0120000287.
Zollo, A., L. D’Auria, R. De Matteis, A. Herrero, and P. Gasparini
(2002b). Bayesian estimation of 2-D p-velocity models from active
seismic arrival time data: imaging of the shallow structure of Mt.
Vesuvius (southern Italy). Geophysical Journal International 151,
566–582.
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