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Gas hazard assessment in a densely inhabited area of Colli Albani Volcano (Cava dei Selci, Roma)
Author(s)
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
123(2003)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
81^94
Issued date
2003
Alternative Location
Subjects
Abstract
The northwestern flank of the Colli Albani, a Quaternary volcanic complex near Rome, is characterised by high CO2 values and Rn activities in the groundwater and by the presence of zones with strong emission of gas from the soil. The most significant of these zones is Cava dei Selci where many houses are located very near to the gas emission site. The emitted gas consists mainly of CO2 (up to 98 vol) with an appreciable content of H2S (0.8). The He and C isotopic composition indicates, as for all fluids associated with the Quaternary Roman and Tuscany volcanic provinces, the presence of an upper mantle component contaminated by crustal fluids associated with subducted sediments and carbonates. An advective CO2 flux of 37 tons/day has been estimated from the gas bubbles rising to the surface in a small drainage ditch and through a stagnant water pool, present in the rainy season in a topographically low central part of the area. A CO2 soil flux survey with an accumulation chamber, carried out in February-March 2000 over a 12 000 m2 surface with 242 measurement points, gave a total (mostly conductive) flux of 61 tons/day. CO2 soil flux values vary by four orders of magnitude over a 160-m distance and by one order of magnitude over several metres. A fixed network of 114 points over 6350 m2 has been installed in order to investigate temporal flux variations. Six surveys carried out from May 2000 to June 2001 have shown large variations of the total CO2 soil flux (8/25 tons/day). The strong emission of CO2 and H2S, which are gases denser than air, produces dangerous accumulations in low areas which have caused a series of lethal accidents to animals and one to a man. The gas hazard near the houses has been assessed by continuously monitoring the CO2 and H2S concentration in the air at 75 cm from the ground by means of two automatic stations. Certain environmental parameters (wind direction and speed; atm P, T, humidity and rainfall) were also continuously recorded. At both stations, H2S and CO2 exceeded by several times the recommended concentration thresholds. The highest CO2 and H2S values were recorded always with wind speeds less than 1.5 m/s, mostly in the night hours. Our results indicate that there is a severe gas hazard for people living near the gas emission site of Cava dei Selci, and appropriate precautionary and prevention measures have been recommended both to residents and local authorities.
Sponsors
- GNV funded research project Gas Hazard of Colli Albani
References
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Amato, A., Chiarabba, C., 1995. Earthquake occurrence and crustal structure. In: Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Albans Hills, Rome, pp. 193-211.
Badalamenti, B., Liotta, M., Valenza, M., 2001. An automatic system for continuous monitoring of CO2, H2S, SO2 and metereological parameters in the atmosphere of volcanic areas. Geochem. Trans., 5.
Baldi, P., Ferrara, G.C., 1974. Studio idrogeochimico delle manifestazioni dei Colli Albani. Relazione T3/103-ENEL Centro di Ricerca Geotermica, 25 pp.
Barberi, F., Carapezza, M.L., 1994. Helium and CO2 soil gas emission from Santorini (Greece). Bull. Volcanol. 56, 335-342.
Bergfeld, D., Go¡, F., Jaik, C.J., 2001. Elevated carbon dioxide at the Dixie Valley geothermal Celd, Nevada: relations between surface phenomena and the geothermal reservoir.
Chem. Geol. 177, 43-66.
Boni, C., Bono, P., Lombardi, S., Mastrorillo, L., Percolo, C.,1995. Hydrogeology, fluid geochemistry and thermalism. In:Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills, Rome, pp.
221-242.
Capelli, G., Mazza, R., Giordano, G., Cecili, A., de Rita, D.,Salvati, R., 2001. The Colli Albani Volcano (Rome, Italy):breakdown of the equilibrium of a hydrogeological unit as a
result of unplanned and uncontrolled over-exploitation. Hydroge Geologie, special volume (in press).
Carapezza, M.L., 1996. Soil gas investigation in volcanic areas. In: Barberi, F., Casale, R. (Eds.), The Mitigation of Volcanic Hazard, EUR 16804, pp. 403-432.
Carapezza, M.L., Federico, C., 2000. The contribution of fluid geochemistry to the volcano monitoring of Stromboli. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 95, 227-245.
Carapezza, M.L., Cavarra, L., Scalzo, A., 2000a. Misura dell'emanazione gassosa in localita' Cava dei Selci (Comune di Marino). Report to INGV and Dipartimento della protezione civile, 31 pp.
Carapezza, M.L., Cavarra, L., Pizzino, L., Quattrocchi, F.,Scalzo, A., 2000 Rischio da emanazioni gassose nei comuni di Marino e Ciampino. DPC Informa 30, 15 pp.
Carapezza, M.L., Inguaggiato, S., 2001. Continuous and automatic geochemical monitoring at the Stromboli natural laboratory (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Geophys. Res. Abstr., EGS 26th General Assembly, Nice, March 2001.
Carapezza, M.L., 2001. Relazione sul sopralluogo effettuato in Via Marsala (Cava dei Selci) del 16 Gennaio 2001. Report to Dipartimento della protezione civile.
Carr, J.R., 1995. Numerical Analysis for the Geological Sciences. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NY, 592 pp.
Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., Delaney, P.T., 1997. Crustal structure,evolution and volcanic unrest of the Alban Hills, Central Italy. Bull. Volcanol. 59, 161-170.
Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., Raco, B., 1996. Diuse emission of CO2 from the Fossa crater, Vulcano Island. Bull. Volcanol. 58, 41-50.
Chiodini, G., Cioni, R., Guidi, M., Raco, B., Marini, L., 1998. Soil CO2 flux measurements in volcanic and geothermal areas. Appl. Geochem. 13, 543-552.
Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., 2001. Carbon dioxide degassing from the Albani Hills volcanic region, Central Italy. Chem. Geol. 177, 67-83.
Cioni, R., Guidi, M., Lelli, M., Raco, B., 2001. Geostatistic techniques applied to the evaluation of errors: calculation of the total estimation variance of CO2 flux. GNV
annual assembly, poster section, 9-11 October 2001,Rome, 7.
Cressie, N.A.C., 1991. Statistics for Spatial Data. Wiley, New York, 900 pp.
De Jong, E., Schappert, H.J.V., 1972. Calculation of soil respiration and activity from CO2 profiles in the soil. Soil Sci. 113, 328-333.
De Rita, D., Facenna, C., Funiciello, R., Rosa, C., 1995. Stratigraphy and volcano-tectonics. In: Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills. Rome, pp. 33-71.
Di Filippo, M., Toro, B., 1995. Gravity features. Stratigraphy and volcano-tectonics. In: Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills, Rome, pp. 213-219.
Funiciello, R., Giordano, G., De Rita, D., Carapezza, M.L.,Barberi, F., 2002. L'attivita' recente del Lago Albano di Castelgandolfo. Rend. Acc. Naz. Lincei (in press).
Funiciello, R., Giordano, G., De Rita, D., 2003. The Albano Maar Lake (Colli Albani Volcano, Italy): recent volcanic activity and evidence of pre-Roman Age catastrophic lahar events. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 123, this issue (10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00027-1).
Gerlach, T.M., Doukas, M.P., Mc Gee, K.A., Kessler, R.,2001. Soil efflux and total emission rates of magmatic CO2 at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill, Mammoth Mountain, California,1995-1999. Chem. Geol. 177, 101-116.
Giggenbach, W.F., 1983. Second report on the isotopic and chemical composition of water and gas samples collected during mission to Italy from 12 to 17 July 1982. Report to ENEL, 15 pp.
Giggenbach, W., Minissale, A.A., Scandiffio, G., 1988. Isotopic and chemical assessment of geothermal potential of Colli Albani area, Latium Region, Italy. Appl. Geochem.3, 475-486.
Gilbert, O.R., 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. Wiley, New York, 319 pp.
Hooker, P.J., Bertrami, R., Lombardi, S., O'Nions, R.K., Oxburgh,E.R., Jr., 1985. Helium-3 anomalies and crust-mantle interaction in Italy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 2505-2513.
Lombardi, S., Nolasco, F., 2000. Studio delle emanazioni gassose nocive della fascia ovest dei Colli Albani-Tor Caldara. Report to Regione Lazio, 24 pp.
NIOSH, 1997. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. DHHS (NIOSH), Publ. 97-140, U.S. Gov. Print Office,Washington, DC.
Parello, F., Allard, P., D'Alessandro, W., Federico, C., Jean-Baptiste, P., Catani, O., 2000. Isotope Geochemistry of Pantelleria
volcanic fluids, Sicily Channel rift: a mantle volatile end-member for volcanism in Southern Europe. Earth Planet.Sci. Lett. 180, 325-339.
Pizzino, L., Quattrocchi, F., 1999. Studio delle emanazioni gassose diffuse (CO2 and radon) nei territori dei Comuni di Marino e Ciampino (Roma). ING Report, 27 pp.
Quattrocchi, F., Calcara, M., 1995. Emanazioni gassose nell'area di Ciampino (2/11/95) ed evento sismico dei Colli Albani (3/11/95). ING Report.
Sano, Y., Marty, B., 1995. Origin of carbon in fumarolic gas from island arc. Chem. Geol. 119, 265-274.
Tedesco, D., 1997. Systematic variations in the 3He/4He ratio and carbon of fumarolic fluids from active volcanic areas in Italy: evidence for radiogenic 4He and crustal carbon addition
by the subducting African plate? Earth Planet. Sci.Lett. 151, 255-269.
Trigila, R., Agosta, E., Currado, C., De Benedetti, A.A., Freda,C., Gaeta, M., Pallafino, D.M., Rosa, C., 1995. Petrology. In: Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills.
Rome, pp. 95-165.
Voltaggio, M., Barbieri, M., 1995. Geochronology. In: Trigila,R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills. Rome, pp. 167-192.
Werner, C., Brantley, S.L., Boomer, K., 2000. CO2 emission related to the Yellowstone volcanic system, USA: II. Statistical sampling, total degassing, and transport mechanisms.
J. Geophys. Res. 105 (B5), 10831-10846.
Wyatt, D.E., Richers, D.M., Pirkle, R.J., 1995. Barometric pumping effects on soil gas studies for geological and environmental characterization. Env. Geol. 25, 243-250.
emissions of CO2 from Mt. Etna. Nature 351, 387-391.
Amato, A., Chiarabba, C., 1995. Earthquake occurrence and crustal structure. In: Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Albans Hills, Rome, pp. 193-211.
Badalamenti, B., Liotta, M., Valenza, M., 2001. An automatic system for continuous monitoring of CO2, H2S, SO2 and metereological parameters in the atmosphere of volcanic areas. Geochem. Trans., 5.
Baldi, P., Ferrara, G.C., 1974. Studio idrogeochimico delle manifestazioni dei Colli Albani. Relazione T3/103-ENEL Centro di Ricerca Geotermica, 25 pp.
Barberi, F., Carapezza, M.L., 1994. Helium and CO2 soil gas emission from Santorini (Greece). Bull. Volcanol. 56, 335-342.
Bergfeld, D., Go¡, F., Jaik, C.J., 2001. Elevated carbon dioxide at the Dixie Valley geothermal Celd, Nevada: relations between surface phenomena and the geothermal reservoir.
Chem. Geol. 177, 43-66.
Boni, C., Bono, P., Lombardi, S., Mastrorillo, L., Percolo, C.,1995. Hydrogeology, fluid geochemistry and thermalism. In:Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills, Rome, pp.
221-242.
Capelli, G., Mazza, R., Giordano, G., Cecili, A., de Rita, D.,Salvati, R., 2001. The Colli Albani Volcano (Rome, Italy):breakdown of the equilibrium of a hydrogeological unit as a
result of unplanned and uncontrolled over-exploitation. Hydroge Geologie, special volume (in press).
Carapezza, M.L., 1996. Soil gas investigation in volcanic areas. In: Barberi, F., Casale, R. (Eds.), The Mitigation of Volcanic Hazard, EUR 16804, pp. 403-432.
Carapezza, M.L., Federico, C., 2000. The contribution of fluid geochemistry to the volcano monitoring of Stromboli. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 95, 227-245.
Carapezza, M.L., Cavarra, L., Scalzo, A., 2000a. Misura dell'emanazione gassosa in localita' Cava dei Selci (Comune di Marino). Report to INGV and Dipartimento della protezione civile, 31 pp.
Carapezza, M.L., Cavarra, L., Pizzino, L., Quattrocchi, F.,Scalzo, A., 2000 Rischio da emanazioni gassose nei comuni di Marino e Ciampino. DPC Informa 30, 15 pp.
Carapezza, M.L., Inguaggiato, S., 2001. Continuous and automatic geochemical monitoring at the Stromboli natural laboratory (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Geophys. Res. Abstr., EGS 26th General Assembly, Nice, March 2001.
Carapezza, M.L., 2001. Relazione sul sopralluogo effettuato in Via Marsala (Cava dei Selci) del 16 Gennaio 2001. Report to Dipartimento della protezione civile.
Carr, J.R., 1995. Numerical Analysis for the Geological Sciences. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NY, 592 pp.
Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., Delaney, P.T., 1997. Crustal structure,evolution and volcanic unrest of the Alban Hills, Central Italy. Bull. Volcanol. 59, 161-170.
Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., Raco, B., 1996. Diuse emission of CO2 from the Fossa crater, Vulcano Island. Bull. Volcanol. 58, 41-50.
Chiodini, G., Cioni, R., Guidi, M., Raco, B., Marini, L., 1998. Soil CO2 flux measurements in volcanic and geothermal areas. Appl. Geochem. 13, 543-552.
Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., 2001. Carbon dioxide degassing from the Albani Hills volcanic region, Central Italy. Chem. Geol. 177, 67-83.
Cioni, R., Guidi, M., Lelli, M., Raco, B., 2001. Geostatistic techniques applied to the evaluation of errors: calculation of the total estimation variance of CO2 flux. GNV
annual assembly, poster section, 9-11 October 2001,Rome, 7.
Cressie, N.A.C., 1991. Statistics for Spatial Data. Wiley, New York, 900 pp.
De Jong, E., Schappert, H.J.V., 1972. Calculation of soil respiration and activity from CO2 profiles in the soil. Soil Sci. 113, 328-333.
De Rita, D., Facenna, C., Funiciello, R., Rosa, C., 1995. Stratigraphy and volcano-tectonics. In: Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills. Rome, pp. 33-71.
Di Filippo, M., Toro, B., 1995. Gravity features. Stratigraphy and volcano-tectonics. In: Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills, Rome, pp. 213-219.
Funiciello, R., Giordano, G., De Rita, D., Carapezza, M.L.,Barberi, F., 2002. L'attivita' recente del Lago Albano di Castelgandolfo. Rend. Acc. Naz. Lincei (in press).
Funiciello, R., Giordano, G., De Rita, D., 2003. The Albano Maar Lake (Colli Albani Volcano, Italy): recent volcanic activity and evidence of pre-Roman Age catastrophic lahar events. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 123, this issue (10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00027-1).
Gerlach, T.M., Doukas, M.P., Mc Gee, K.A., Kessler, R.,2001. Soil efflux and total emission rates of magmatic CO2 at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill, Mammoth Mountain, California,1995-1999. Chem. Geol. 177, 101-116.
Giggenbach, W.F., 1983. Second report on the isotopic and chemical composition of water and gas samples collected during mission to Italy from 12 to 17 July 1982. Report to ENEL, 15 pp.
Giggenbach, W., Minissale, A.A., Scandiffio, G., 1988. Isotopic and chemical assessment of geothermal potential of Colli Albani area, Latium Region, Italy. Appl. Geochem.3, 475-486.
Gilbert, O.R., 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. Wiley, New York, 319 pp.
Hooker, P.J., Bertrami, R., Lombardi, S., O'Nions, R.K., Oxburgh,E.R., Jr., 1985. Helium-3 anomalies and crust-mantle interaction in Italy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 2505-2513.
Lombardi, S., Nolasco, F., 2000. Studio delle emanazioni gassose nocive della fascia ovest dei Colli Albani-Tor Caldara. Report to Regione Lazio, 24 pp.
NIOSH, 1997. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. DHHS (NIOSH), Publ. 97-140, U.S. Gov. Print Office,Washington, DC.
Parello, F., Allard, P., D'Alessandro, W., Federico, C., Jean-Baptiste, P., Catani, O., 2000. Isotope Geochemistry of Pantelleria
volcanic fluids, Sicily Channel rift: a mantle volatile end-member for volcanism in Southern Europe. Earth Planet.Sci. Lett. 180, 325-339.
Pizzino, L., Quattrocchi, F., 1999. Studio delle emanazioni gassose diffuse (CO2 and radon) nei territori dei Comuni di Marino e Ciampino (Roma). ING Report, 27 pp.
Quattrocchi, F., Calcara, M., 1995. Emanazioni gassose nell'area di Ciampino (2/11/95) ed evento sismico dei Colli Albani (3/11/95). ING Report.
Sano, Y., Marty, B., 1995. Origin of carbon in fumarolic gas from island arc. Chem. Geol. 119, 265-274.
Tedesco, D., 1997. Systematic variations in the 3He/4He ratio and carbon of fumarolic fluids from active volcanic areas in Italy: evidence for radiogenic 4He and crustal carbon addition
by the subducting African plate? Earth Planet. Sci.Lett. 151, 255-269.
Trigila, R., Agosta, E., Currado, C., De Benedetti, A.A., Freda,C., Gaeta, M., Pallafino, D.M., Rosa, C., 1995. Petrology. In: Trigila, R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills.
Rome, pp. 95-165.
Voltaggio, M., Barbieri, M., 1995. Geochronology. In: Trigila,R. (Ed.), The Volcano of the Alban Hills. Rome, pp. 167-192.
Werner, C., Brantley, S.L., Boomer, K., 2000. CO2 emission related to the Yellowstone volcanic system, USA: II. Statistical sampling, total degassing, and transport mechanisms.
J. Geophys. Res. 105 (B5), 10831-10846.
Wyatt, D.E., Richers, D.M., Pirkle, R.J., 1995. Barometric pumping effects on soil gas studies for geological and environmental characterization. Env. Geol. 25, 243-250.
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