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Gravity ‘‘steps’’ at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Instrumental effects or evidences of earthquake-triggered magma density changes?
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/36 (2009)
Publisher
AGU
Pages (printed)
L02301
Issued date
January 6, 2009
Abstract
On two occasions, sudden gravity changes occurred simultaneously at two summit Etna’s stations, during local low-magnitude earthquakes. A systematic coupling between earthquakes inducing comparable maximum acceleration and displacement at the observation points and gravity steps is missing, implying (1) the non-instrumental nature of the steps and (2) the need for particular underlying conditions for the triggering mechanism(s) to activate. We review some of the volcanological processes that could induce fast underground mass redistributions, resulting in gravity changes at the surface. These processes involve bubbles and crystals present in the magma and require particular conditions in order to be effective as mass-redistributing processes. The gravity steps could be a geophysical evidence of the dynamical stress transfer between tectonic and magmatic systems at a local scale. Given the implications that these transfers may have on the volcanic activity, routine volcano monitoring should include the observation of fast gravity changes.
References
Brodsky, E. E., E. Roeloffs, D. Woodcock, I. Gall, and M. Manga (2003), A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B8), 2390, doi:10.1029/2002JB002321.
Carbone, D., L. Zuccarello, G. Saccorotti and F. Greco (2006), Analysis of simultaneous gravity and tremor anomalies observed during the 2002– 2003 Etna eruption, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 245, 616– 629.
Carbone, D., L. Zuccarello, and G. Saccorotti (2008), Geophysical indications of magma uprising at Mt Etna during the December 2005 to January 2006 non-eruptive period, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06305, doi:10.1029/2008GL033212.
Davis, M., M. A. Koenders, and N. Petford (2007), Vibro-agitation of chambered magma, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 167, 24–36, doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.012.
De Gori, P., C. Chiarabba, and D. Patanè (2005), Qp structure of Mount Etna: Constraints for the physics of the plumbing system, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B05303, doi:10.1029/2003JB002875.
Hill, D. P., et al. (1993), Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake, Science, 260, 1617-1623.
Hill, D. P., F. Pollitz, and C. Newhall (2002), Earthquake-volcano interactions, Physics Today, 55(11), 41-47.
Hurwitz S., and O. Navon (1994), Bubble nucleation in rhyolitic melts: Experiments at high pressure, temperature, and water content, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 122, 267–280.
Ichihara, M., and E. E. Brodsky (2006), A limit on the effect of rectified diffusion in volcanic systems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02316, doi:10.1029/2005GL024753.
Jousset, P., S. Dwipa, F. Beauducel, T. Duquesnoy, and M. Diament (2000), Temporal gravity at Merapi during the 1993–1995 crisis: an insight into the dynamical behaviour of volcanoes J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 100, 289–320.
Linde, A.T., Selwyn Sacks, I., Johnston, M. J. S., Hill, D. P., Bilham, R. G. (1994), Increased pressure from rising bubbles as a mechanism for remotely triggered seismicity, Nature, 371, 408–410.
Manga, M., and E. E. Brodsky (2006), Seismic triggering of eruptions in the far field: Volcanoes and geysers, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 34, 263–291.
Menand T. and J. Philipps, 2007. Gas Segregation in dykes and sills. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 159, 393-408.
Métrich, N., P. Allard, N. Spilliaert, D. Andronico, and M. Burton (2004), 2001 flank eruption of the alkali- and volatile-rich primitive basalt responsible for Mount Etna's evolution in the last three decades, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 228, 1–17.
Okubo, S. (1992), Gravity and potential changes due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7137–7144.
Pyle, D. M., and D. L. Pyle (1995), Bubble migration and the initiation of volcanic eruptions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 67, 227–232.
Torge, W. (1989), Gravimetry, W. de Gruyter, Berlin, 465 pp.
Trasatti, E., C. Giunchi, and N. Piana Agostinetti (2008), Numerical inversion of deformation caused by pressure sources: application to Mount Etna (Italy), Geophys. J. Int, 172, 873–884, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03677.x.
Wilson, L. and J. W. Head (1981), Ascent and eruption of basaltic magma on the Earth and Moon, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2971–3001.
Carbone, D., L. Zuccarello, G. Saccorotti and F. Greco (2006), Analysis of simultaneous gravity and tremor anomalies observed during the 2002– 2003 Etna eruption, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 245, 616– 629.
Carbone, D., L. Zuccarello, and G. Saccorotti (2008), Geophysical indications of magma uprising at Mt Etna during the December 2005 to January 2006 non-eruptive period, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06305, doi:10.1029/2008GL033212.
Davis, M., M. A. Koenders, and N. Petford (2007), Vibro-agitation of chambered magma, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 167, 24–36, doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.012.
De Gori, P., C. Chiarabba, and D. Patanè (2005), Qp structure of Mount Etna: Constraints for the physics of the plumbing system, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B05303, doi:10.1029/2003JB002875.
Hill, D. P., et al. (1993), Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake, Science, 260, 1617-1623.
Hill, D. P., F. Pollitz, and C. Newhall (2002), Earthquake-volcano interactions, Physics Today, 55(11), 41-47.
Hurwitz S., and O. Navon (1994), Bubble nucleation in rhyolitic melts: Experiments at high pressure, temperature, and water content, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 122, 267–280.
Ichihara, M., and E. E. Brodsky (2006), A limit on the effect of rectified diffusion in volcanic systems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02316, doi:10.1029/2005GL024753.
Jousset, P., S. Dwipa, F. Beauducel, T. Duquesnoy, and M. Diament (2000), Temporal gravity at Merapi during the 1993–1995 crisis: an insight into the dynamical behaviour of volcanoes J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 100, 289–320.
Linde, A.T., Selwyn Sacks, I., Johnston, M. J. S., Hill, D. P., Bilham, R. G. (1994), Increased pressure from rising bubbles as a mechanism for remotely triggered seismicity, Nature, 371, 408–410.
Manga, M., and E. E. Brodsky (2006), Seismic triggering of eruptions in the far field: Volcanoes and geysers, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 34, 263–291.
Menand T. and J. Philipps, 2007. Gas Segregation in dykes and sills. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 159, 393-408.
Métrich, N., P. Allard, N. Spilliaert, D. Andronico, and M. Burton (2004), 2001 flank eruption of the alkali- and volatile-rich primitive basalt responsible for Mount Etna's evolution in the last three decades, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 228, 1–17.
Okubo, S. (1992), Gravity and potential changes due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7137–7144.
Pyle, D. M., and D. L. Pyle (1995), Bubble migration and the initiation of volcanic eruptions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 67, 227–232.
Torge, W. (1989), Gravimetry, W. de Gruyter, Berlin, 465 pp.
Trasatti, E., C. Giunchi, and N. Piana Agostinetti (2008), Numerical inversion of deformation caused by pressure sources: application to Mount Etna (Italy), Geophys. J. Int, 172, 873–884, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03677.x.
Wilson, L. and J. W. Head (1981), Ascent and eruption of basaltic magma on the Earth and Moon, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2971–3001.
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