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Deep geometry and rheology of an orogenic wedge developing above a continental subduction zone: Seismological evidence from the northern-central Apennines (Italy)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
3.2. Tettonica attiva
3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
Status
Published
JCR Journal
N/A or not JCR
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
2 / 1 (2009)
Publisher
Geological Society of America
Pages (printed)
95-104
Issued date
April 2009
Subjects
Abstract
Data from high-density seismic networks deployed between 2000 and 2007 in the north-central Apennines (Italy) yield unprecedented
images of an active orogenic wedge. Earthquake foci from the northern Apennines define a Benioff zone deepening westward from the
Adriatic foreland down to ~60 km depth below the chain. The seismicity shows that only the lowermost ~10 km of the Adriatic foreland
crust is subducted, whereas the uppermost ~20 km is incorporated into the orogenic wedge. Farther west, an aseismic mantle with markedly
negative P-wave-velocity (Vp) anomalies is interpreted as asthenosphere flowing toward an Adriatic slab in retrograde motion. Three
crustal layers with different Vp and seismicity characteristics are imaged below the northern Apennines: an uppermost 10-km-thick fast
layer affected by extensional faulting, a slow layer with diffuse seismicity down to ~15 km depth, and a lowermost fast and aseismic layer
resting directly above the asthenosphere. We interpret the latter layer as having formed by anhydrous crust undergoing granulitization,
whereas trapped CO2 (either from the underlying granulites or from the subducting Adriatic crust) is inferred to have been responsible
for both low Vp and diffuse seismicity in the middle crust. Trapped CO2 is released along the easternmost normal fault systems breaking
the Apennine upper crust, consistent with geochemical and seismotectonic evidence. Compressive earthquakes at 20–25 km depth along
the external front suggest offscraping of the subducting foreland crust and show that asthenospheric flow represents the primary source
of ongoing shortening along the belt front.
images of an active orogenic wedge. Earthquake foci from the northern Apennines define a Benioff zone deepening westward from the
Adriatic foreland down to ~60 km depth below the chain. The seismicity shows that only the lowermost ~10 km of the Adriatic foreland
crust is subducted, whereas the uppermost ~20 km is incorporated into the orogenic wedge. Farther west, an aseismic mantle with markedly
negative P-wave-velocity (Vp) anomalies is interpreted as asthenosphere flowing toward an Adriatic slab in retrograde motion. Three
crustal layers with different Vp and seismicity characteristics are imaged below the northern Apennines: an uppermost 10-km-thick fast
layer affected by extensional faulting, a slow layer with diffuse seismicity down to ~15 km depth, and a lowermost fast and aseismic layer
resting directly above the asthenosphere. We interpret the latter layer as having formed by anhydrous crust undergoing granulitization,
whereas trapped CO2 (either from the underlying granulites or from the subducting Adriatic crust) is inferred to have been responsible
for both low Vp and diffuse seismicity in the middle crust. Trapped CO2 is released along the easternmost normal fault systems breaking
the Apennine upper crust, consistent with geochemical and seismotectonic evidence. Compressive earthquakes at 20–25 km depth along
the external front suggest offscraping of the subducting foreland crust and show that asthenospheric flow represents the primary source
of ongoing shortening along the belt front.
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slab in retrograde motion: Geology, v. 27, p. 955–958,
doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0955:EBITTB>2.3.CO;2.
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and intraplate earthquakes and their implications
for the thermal and mechanical properties of the
lithosphere: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 88,
p. 4183–4214, doi: 10.1029/JB088iB05p04183.
Chiarabba, C., and Amato, A., 2003, Vp and Vp/Vs images in
the Mw 6.0 Colfi orito fault region (central Italy): A contribution
to the understanding of seismotectonic and seismogenic
processes: Journal of Geophysical Research,
v. 108, no. B5, 2248, doi: 10.1029/2001JB001665.
Chiarabba, C., Jovane, L., and Di Stefano, R., 2005, A new
view of Italian seismicity using 20 years of instrumental
recording: Tectonophysics, v. 395, p. 251–268, doi:
10.1016/j.tecto.2004.09.013.
Chiaraluce, L., Amato, A., Cocco, M., Chiarabba, C., Selvaggi,
G., Di Bona, M., Piccinini, D., Deschamps, A.,
Margheriti, L., Courboulex, F., and Ripepe, M., 2004,
Complex normal faulting in the Apennines thrust-andfold
belt; the 1997 seismic sequence in central Italy:
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94,
p. 99–116, doi: 10.1785/0120020052.
Chiaraluce, L., Chiarabba, C., Collettini, C., Piccinini, D.,
and Cocco, M., 2007, Architecture and mechanics of
an active low-angle normal fault: Alto Tiberina Fault,
northern Apennines, Italy: Journal of Geophysical
Research, v. 112, B10310, doi: 10.1029/2007JB005015.
Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., Cardellini, C., Parello, F., and
Peruzzi, L., 2000, Rate of diffuse carbon dioxide earth
degassing estimated from carbon balance of regional
aquifers: The case of central Apennine, Italy: Journal
of Geophysical Research, v. 105, no. B4, p. 8423–8434,
doi: 10.1029/1999JB900355.
Chiodini, G., Cardellini, C., Amato, A., Boschi, E., Caliro,
S., Frondini, F., and Ventura, G., 2004, Carbon dioxide
earth degassing and seismogenesis in central and
southern Italy: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31,
L07615, doi: 10.1029/2004GL019480.
Collettini, C., De Paola, N., Holdsworth, R.E., and Barchi,
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