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Volcanic risk perception of young people in the urban areas of Vesuvius: Comparisons with other volcanic areas and implications for emergency management
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
3-4/172(2008)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
229-243
Issued date
May 20, 2008
Abstract
More than 600000 people are exposed to volcanic risk in the urban areas near the volcano,Vesuvius, and may need to be evacuated if there is renewed
volcanic activity. The success of a future evacuation will strongly depend on the level of risk perception and preparedness of the at-risk communities
during the current period of quiescence. The volcanic risk perception and preparedness of young people is of particular importance because hazard
education programs in schools have been shown to increase the clarity of risk perception and students often share their knowledge with their
parents. In order to evaluate young people's risk perception and preparedness for a volcanic crisis, a multiple choice questionnaire was distributed to
400 high-school students in three municipalities located close to the volcano. The overall results suggest that despite a 60-year period of quiescence at
Vesuvius, the interviewed students have an accurate perception of the level of volcanic risk. On the other hand, the respondents demonstrate a clear lack
of understanding of volcanic processes and their related hazards.Also, the interviewed students show high levels of fear, poor perceived ability to protect
themselves from the effects of a future eruption, and insufficient knowledge of the National Emergency Plan for Vesuvian Area (NEPVA). The latter
result suggests that in comparisonwith volcanic crises in other regions, during a future eruption ofVesuvius, theremay not be enough time to educate the
large number of people living near the volcano about how to appropriately respond. The inadequate risk education and preparedness of respondents
implies that a strong effort is needed to improve communication strategies in order to facilitate successful evacuations. Therefore, it is important to take
advantage of the present period of quiescence at Vesuvius to improve the accuracy of risk perception of youth in local communities.
volcanic activity. The success of a future evacuation will strongly depend on the level of risk perception and preparedness of the at-risk communities
during the current period of quiescence. The volcanic risk perception and preparedness of young people is of particular importance because hazard
education programs in schools have been shown to increase the clarity of risk perception and students often share their knowledge with their
parents. In order to evaluate young people's risk perception and preparedness for a volcanic crisis, a multiple choice questionnaire was distributed to
400 high-school students in three municipalities located close to the volcano. The overall results suggest that despite a 60-year period of quiescence at
Vesuvius, the interviewed students have an accurate perception of the level of volcanic risk. On the other hand, the respondents demonstrate a clear lack
of understanding of volcanic processes and their related hazards.Also, the interviewed students show high levels of fear, poor perceived ability to protect
themselves from the effects of a future eruption, and insufficient knowledge of the National Emergency Plan for Vesuvian Area (NEPVA). The latter
result suggests that in comparisonwith volcanic crises in other regions, during a future eruption ofVesuvius, theremay not be enough time to educate the
large number of people living near the volcano about how to appropriately respond. The inadequate risk education and preparedness of respondents
implies that a strong effort is needed to improve communication strategies in order to facilitate successful evacuations. Therefore, it is important to take
advantage of the present period of quiescence at Vesuvius to improve the accuracy of risk perception of youth in local communities.
References
Arie, S., 2003. Italy ready to pay to clear slopes of volcano. Guardian unlimited:
Special Reports. URL:http://www.guardian.co.uk.
Alexander, D., 1990. Behaviour during earthquakes: a southern Italian example.
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 8 (1), 5–29.
Arnò, V., Principe, C., Rosi, M., Santacroce, R., Sbrana, A., Sheridan, M.F.,
1987. Eruptive history. In: Santacroce, R. (Ed.), Somma- Vesuvius. CNR,
vol. 114. Quaderni della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, pp. 53–103.
Aspinall, W.P., Loughlin, S.C., Michael, F.V., Miller, A.D., Norton, G.E.,
Rowley, K.C., Sparks, R.S., Young, S.R., 2002. The Montserrat
Volcano Observatory: its evolution, organization, role and activities.
In: Druitt, T.H., Kokelaar, B.P. (Eds.), The Eruption of Soufrière Hills
Volcano, Montserrat from 1995 to 1999. Geol. Soc. London, Memoirs,
vol. 21, pp. 71–91.
Barberi, F., Davis, M.S., Isaia, R., Macedonio, G., Nave, R., Ricci, T., 2006.
Volcanic risk perception at Vesuvius and Phlegrean Fields (Naples, Italy).
Abstract Cities on Volcanoes 4 23–27 January 2006 Quito Ecuador.
Becker, J., Smith, R., Hohnston, D., Munro, A., 2001. Effects of the 1995–1996
Ruapehu eruptions on communities in central North Island, New Zealand,
and people's perceptions of volcanic hazards after the event. Australasian
Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies vol. 2001-1. URL:http://www.
massey.ac.nz/~trauma/issues/2001-1/becker.htm.
Blong, R.J., 1984. Social aspect of volcanic eruptions. Volcanic Hazards, A
Sourcebook on the Effect of Eruptions. Academic Press, pp. 132–186.
Blong, R.J., 2000.Volcanic hazards and risk management. In: Sigurdsson,H. (Ed.),
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press, pp. 1215–1240.
Borgia, A., Solaro, G., Tizzani, P., Luongo, G., de Vries, B.V.W., Fusi, N., 2004.
Spreading of Somma-Vesuvio volcanic complex: is the hazard for plinian
eruption being reduced? Geophysical Research Abstracts 6, 01168.
Bryant, E., 2005. Personal and group response to hazards, Natural Hazards,
second ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 273–287.
Buffonge, C., 1999. Volcano! A Chronicle of Montserrat's Volcanic Experience
During 1995 and 1996. Books 1 and 2Combined edition. Published by the author.
Clay, E., Barrow, C., Benson, C., Dempster, J., Kokelaar, P., Pillai, N., Seaman,
J., 1999. An evaluation of HMG's response to the Montserrat volcanic
emergency. Department for International Development Report EV635
(2 vols) 1, 2 vol. 1–86, 1–182.
Cosenza, G., 1997. Area Vesuviana: metastasi di un territorio. In: Luongo, G.
(Ed.), Mons Vesuvius. Fiorentino Press, Napoli, pp. 337–353.
Davis, S.M., Ricci, T., Mitchell, L.M., 2005. Perception of risk for volcanic
hazards at Vesuvio and Etna, Italy. The Australasian Journal of Disaster and
Trauma Studies (ISSN: 1174-4707) 2005-1.
De La Cruz-Ryna, S., Meli, P.R., Quaas, W.R., 2000. Volcanic crises
management. In: Sigurdsson, H. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Volcanoes.
Academic Press, pp. 1199–1214.
De Natale, G., Troise, C., Pingue, F., De Gori, P., Chiarabba, C., 2001. Structure
and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex. Mineralogy and
Petrology 73, 5–22.
Dobran, F., 2006. Vesuvius 2000: toward security and prosperity under the
shadow of Vesuvius. In: Dobran, F. (Ed.), Vesuvius Education, Security and
Prosperity Educazione Sicurezza Prosperità. Elsevier, pp. 3–69.
Dominney-Hows, D., Minos-Minopoulos, D., 2004. Perception of hazard and
risk on Santorini. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 137,
285–310.
D'Ercole, R., Rancon, J.-P., Lesales, T., 1995. Living close to an active volcano:
popular hazard perception in three communities of North Martinique (F.W.I.),
IUGG XXI General Assembly Abstract, Boulder, Colorado, July 2–4th, p. B. 20.
Ewert, J.W., Newhall, C.N., 1991. Volcanic Crisis in the Philippines: The 1991
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo. USGS open file.
Gregg, C.E., Houghton, B.F., Johnston, D.M., Paton, D., Swanson, D.A., 2004.
The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and
Hualalai volcanoes, Hawai'i. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research 130, 179–196.
Goldenson, Robert M., 1984. Longman Dictionary of Psychology and Psychiatry.
Longman, New York.
ISTAT, 1991, 2001. Istituto Centrale di Statistica. Roma: URL: www.demo.istat.it.
Johnson, N.R., 1987. Panic and the breakdown of social order: popular myth,
social theory, experimental evidence. Sociological Focus 20 (3), 171–183.
Johnston, D.M., Bebbington, M.S., Lai, C.-D., Houghton, F.F., Paton, D., 1999.
Volcanic hazard perceptions: comparative shift in knowledge and risk.
Disaster Prevention and Management 8 (2), 118–126.
Johnston, D., Ronan, K., 2000. Risk education and intervention. In: Sigurdsson,
H. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press, pp. 1229–1240.
Kokelaar, B.P., 2002. Setting, chronology and consequence of the Soufrière
Hills Volcano, Montserrat (1995–1999). In: Druitt, T.H., Kokelaar, B.P.
(Eds.), The Eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 1995 to
1999. Geol. Soc. London, Memoirs, vol. 21, pp. 1–43.
Lane, R.L., Tobin, G.A., Whiteford, L.M., 2004. Volcanic hazard or economic
destitution: hard choice in Baños, Ecuador. Environmental Hazards: Human
and Policy Dimensions, Global Environmental Change, Part B 5, 23–34.
Lindell, M.K., 1994. Perceived characteristics of environmental hazards.
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 12 (3), 303–326.
Lirer, L., Munno, R., Postiglione, I., Vinci, A., Vitelli, L., 1997. The A.D. 79
eruption as a future explosive scenario in the Vesuvian area: evolution of
associate risk. Bulletin of Volcanology 59, 112–124.
Loughlin, S.C., Baxter, P.J., Aspinall, W.P., Darroux, B., Harford, C.L., Miller,
A.D., 2002. Eyewitness accounts of the 25 June 1997 pyroclastic flows and
surges at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, and implication for disaster
mitigation. In: Druitt, T.H., Kokelaar, B.P. (Eds.), The Eruption of Soufrière
Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 1995 to 1999. Geol. Soc. London, Memoirs,
vol. 21, pp. 211–230.
Luongo, G., Mazzarella, A., 2003. On the time-scale invariance of the eruptive
activity of Vesuvius. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 120,
311–313.
Luongo, G., Perrotta, A., Scarpati, C., De Carolis, E., Patricelli, G., Ciarallo, A.,
2003. Impact of the AD 79 explosive eruption on Pompeii, II. Causes of
death of the inhabitants inferred by stratigraphic analysis and aerial
distribution of the human casualties. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research 126, 169–200.
Mastrolorenzo, G., Petrone, P., Pappalardo, L., Sheridan, M.F., 2006. The
Avellino 3780-yr-B.P. catastrophe as a worst-case scenario for a future
eruption at Vesuvius. PNAS 103 (12), 4366–4370.
McGuire, B., 2003. In the shadow of the volcano. Guardian Unlimited: Special
Reports. URL:http://www.guardian.co.uku.
MESIMEX, 2006. Major Emergency SIMulation EXercise. URL: http://www.
protezionecivile.it.
Mileti, D.S., Sorensen, J.H., 1990. Communication of emergency public
warnings: a social science perspective and state-of-the-art assessment.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. 145 pp. Miller, M., Paton, D., Johnston, D., 1999. Community vulnerability to volcanic
hazard consequences. Disaster Prevention and Management 8 (4), 255–260.
Newhall, C.G., 2000. Volcano warnings. In: Sigurdsson, H. (Ed.), Encyclopedia
of Volcanoes. Academic Press, pp. 1185–1197.
Palumbo, A., 1999. The activity of Vesuvius in the next millennium. Journal of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research 88, 125–129.
Paton, D., Johnston, D.M., Bebbington, M.S., Lai, C.D., Houghton, B.F., 2001.
Direct and vicarious experience of volcanic hazards: implications for risk
perception and adjustment adoption. Australian Journal of Emergency
Management 15 (4), 58–63.
Pesce, A., Rolandi, G., 2000. Vesuvio 1944. L'ultima eruzione. Ed. Magma, 230 pp.
Perret, F.A., 1924. TheVesuvius eruption of 1906; study of volcanic cycles, vol. 339.
Carnegie Institute of Washington. Publication.
Perry, R.W., Green, M.R., 1983. Citizen Response to Volcanic Eruption: The
case of Mt. St. Helens. Irvington Publishers, New York.
Perry, R.W., 1990. Volcanic hazard perceptions at Mt. Shasta. Environmental
Professional 12, 312–318.
Perry, R.W., Lindell, M.K., 1990. Living with Mt. St. Helens: human adjustment
to volcano hazards.Washington Stat University Press, Pullman,Washington.
Perry, R.W., Hirose, H., 1991. Volcano Management in the United States and
Japan. Greenwich, CT, JAI Press.
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Dipartimento della Protezione Civile,
Pianificazione Nazionale d'emergenza dell'area vesuviana, 1995. pp. 1–157.
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Dipartimento della Protezione Civile,
Proposta di Aggiornamento. Aggiunte e varianti alle parti A3, B, C1,e
C2 della Pianificazione Nazionale d'emergenza dell'area vesuviana,
2001. pp. 1–55.
Principe, C., Tanguy, J.C., Arrighi, S., Paiotti, A., Le Goff, M., Zoppi, U., 2004.
Chronology of Vesuvius activity from A.D. 79 to 1631 based on
archeomagnetism of lavas and historical sources. Bulletin of Volcanology 66,
703–724.
Rolandi, G., Mastrolorenzo, G., Barrella, A.N., Borrelli, A., 1993. The Avellino
Plinian Eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (3760 y.B.P.): the progressive
evolution from magmatic to hydromagmatic style. Journal of Volcanology
and Geothermal Research 58, 67–88.
Ronan, K.R., Johnston, D.M., 2001. Correlates of hazard education programs
for youth. Risk Analysis 21, 1055–1063.
Saarinen, T.F., Sell, J.L., 1985. Warnings and Response to the Mt. St. Helens
Eruption. State University of New York Press, Albany. 240 pp.
Santacroce, R., Cioni, R., Marianelli, P., Sbrana, A., 2005. Understanding
Vesuvius and preparing for its next eruption in cultural responses to the
volcanic landscape. In: Balmuth, M.S., Chester, D.K., Johnston, P.A. (Eds.),
The Mediterranean and Beyon, pp. 27–55.
Scandone, R., Arganese, G., Galdi, F., 1993. The evaluation of volcanic risk in
the Vesuvian area. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 58,
261–273.
Slovic, P., 1987. Perception of risk. Science 236, 280–285.
Sparks, R.S.J., 2003. Forecasting volcanic eruptions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
210, 1–15.
Vesuvius 2000, URL: http://www.westnet.com/~dobran/.
VesuVia, 2003: La scelta possibile, URL: http://urp.regione.campania.it/urp/
vesuvia.php.
Yoshii, H., 1992. Disaster warning and social response: the eruption of Mt.
Unzen in Japan. Disaster Management 4, 207–214.
Wenger, D.E., Dykes, J.D., Sebok, T.D., Neff, J.L., 1975. It's a matter of myths:
an empirical examination of individual insight into disaster response. Mass
Emergencies 1, 33–46.
Special Reports. URL:http://www.guardian.co.uk.
Alexander, D., 1990. Behaviour during earthquakes: a southern Italian example.
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 8 (1), 5–29.
Arnò, V., Principe, C., Rosi, M., Santacroce, R., Sbrana, A., Sheridan, M.F.,
1987. Eruptive history. In: Santacroce, R. (Ed.), Somma- Vesuvius. CNR,
vol. 114. Quaderni della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, pp. 53–103.
Aspinall, W.P., Loughlin, S.C., Michael, F.V., Miller, A.D., Norton, G.E.,
Rowley, K.C., Sparks, R.S., Young, S.R., 2002. The Montserrat
Volcano Observatory: its evolution, organization, role and activities.
In: Druitt, T.H., Kokelaar, B.P. (Eds.), The Eruption of Soufrière Hills
Volcano, Montserrat from 1995 to 1999. Geol. Soc. London, Memoirs,
vol. 21, pp. 71–91.
Barberi, F., Davis, M.S., Isaia, R., Macedonio, G., Nave, R., Ricci, T., 2006.
Volcanic risk perception at Vesuvius and Phlegrean Fields (Naples, Italy).
Abstract Cities on Volcanoes 4 23–27 January 2006 Quito Ecuador.
Becker, J., Smith, R., Hohnston, D., Munro, A., 2001. Effects of the 1995–1996
Ruapehu eruptions on communities in central North Island, New Zealand,
and people's perceptions of volcanic hazards after the event. Australasian
Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies vol. 2001-1. URL:http://www.
massey.ac.nz/~trauma/issues/2001-1/becker.htm.
Blong, R.J., 1984. Social aspect of volcanic eruptions. Volcanic Hazards, A
Sourcebook on the Effect of Eruptions. Academic Press, pp. 132–186.
Blong, R.J., 2000.Volcanic hazards and risk management. In: Sigurdsson,H. (Ed.),
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press, pp. 1215–1240.
Borgia, A., Solaro, G., Tizzani, P., Luongo, G., de Vries, B.V.W., Fusi, N., 2004.
Spreading of Somma-Vesuvio volcanic complex: is the hazard for plinian
eruption being reduced? Geophysical Research Abstracts 6, 01168.
Bryant, E., 2005. Personal and group response to hazards, Natural Hazards,
second ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 273–287.
Buffonge, C., 1999. Volcano! A Chronicle of Montserrat's Volcanic Experience
During 1995 and 1996. Books 1 and 2Combined edition. Published by the author.
Clay, E., Barrow, C., Benson, C., Dempster, J., Kokelaar, P., Pillai, N., Seaman,
J., 1999. An evaluation of HMG's response to the Montserrat volcanic
emergency. Department for International Development Report EV635
(2 vols) 1, 2 vol. 1–86, 1–182.
Cosenza, G., 1997. Area Vesuviana: metastasi di un territorio. In: Luongo, G.
(Ed.), Mons Vesuvius. Fiorentino Press, Napoli, pp. 337–353.
Davis, S.M., Ricci, T., Mitchell, L.M., 2005. Perception of risk for volcanic
hazards at Vesuvio and Etna, Italy. The Australasian Journal of Disaster and
Trauma Studies (ISSN: 1174-4707) 2005-1.
De La Cruz-Ryna, S., Meli, P.R., Quaas, W.R., 2000. Volcanic crises
management. In: Sigurdsson, H. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Volcanoes.
Academic Press, pp. 1199–1214.
De Natale, G., Troise, C., Pingue, F., De Gori, P., Chiarabba, C., 2001. Structure
and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex. Mineralogy and
Petrology 73, 5–22.
Dobran, F., 2006. Vesuvius 2000: toward security and prosperity under the
shadow of Vesuvius. In: Dobran, F. (Ed.), Vesuvius Education, Security and
Prosperity Educazione Sicurezza Prosperità. Elsevier, pp. 3–69.
Dominney-Hows, D., Minos-Minopoulos, D., 2004. Perception of hazard and
risk on Santorini. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 137,
285–310.
D'Ercole, R., Rancon, J.-P., Lesales, T., 1995. Living close to an active volcano:
popular hazard perception in three communities of North Martinique (F.W.I.),
IUGG XXI General Assembly Abstract, Boulder, Colorado, July 2–4th, p. B. 20.
Ewert, J.W., Newhall, C.N., 1991. Volcanic Crisis in the Philippines: The 1991
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo. USGS open file.
Gregg, C.E., Houghton, B.F., Johnston, D.M., Paton, D., Swanson, D.A., 2004.
The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and
Hualalai volcanoes, Hawai'i. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research 130, 179–196.
Goldenson, Robert M., 1984. Longman Dictionary of Psychology and Psychiatry.
Longman, New York.
ISTAT, 1991, 2001. Istituto Centrale di Statistica. Roma: URL: www.demo.istat.it.
Johnson, N.R., 1987. Panic and the breakdown of social order: popular myth,
social theory, experimental evidence. Sociological Focus 20 (3), 171–183.
Johnston, D.M., Bebbington, M.S., Lai, C.-D., Houghton, F.F., Paton, D., 1999.
Volcanic hazard perceptions: comparative shift in knowledge and risk.
Disaster Prevention and Management 8 (2), 118–126.
Johnston, D., Ronan, K., 2000. Risk education and intervention. In: Sigurdsson,
H. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press, pp. 1229–1240.
Kokelaar, B.P., 2002. Setting, chronology and consequence of the Soufrière
Hills Volcano, Montserrat (1995–1999). In: Druitt, T.H., Kokelaar, B.P.
(Eds.), The Eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 1995 to
1999. Geol. Soc. London, Memoirs, vol. 21, pp. 1–43.
Lane, R.L., Tobin, G.A., Whiteford, L.M., 2004. Volcanic hazard or economic
destitution: hard choice in Baños, Ecuador. Environmental Hazards: Human
and Policy Dimensions, Global Environmental Change, Part B 5, 23–34.
Lindell, M.K., 1994. Perceived characteristics of environmental hazards.
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 12 (3), 303–326.
Lirer, L., Munno, R., Postiglione, I., Vinci, A., Vitelli, L., 1997. The A.D. 79
eruption as a future explosive scenario in the Vesuvian area: evolution of
associate risk. Bulletin of Volcanology 59, 112–124.
Loughlin, S.C., Baxter, P.J., Aspinall, W.P., Darroux, B., Harford, C.L., Miller,
A.D., 2002. Eyewitness accounts of the 25 June 1997 pyroclastic flows and
surges at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, and implication for disaster
mitigation. In: Druitt, T.H., Kokelaar, B.P. (Eds.), The Eruption of Soufrière
Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 1995 to 1999. Geol. Soc. London, Memoirs,
vol. 21, pp. 211–230.
Luongo, G., Mazzarella, A., 2003. On the time-scale invariance of the eruptive
activity of Vesuvius. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 120,
311–313.
Luongo, G., Perrotta, A., Scarpati, C., De Carolis, E., Patricelli, G., Ciarallo, A.,
2003. Impact of the AD 79 explosive eruption on Pompeii, II. Causes of
death of the inhabitants inferred by stratigraphic analysis and aerial
distribution of the human casualties. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research 126, 169–200.
Mastrolorenzo, G., Petrone, P., Pappalardo, L., Sheridan, M.F., 2006. The
Avellino 3780-yr-B.P. catastrophe as a worst-case scenario for a future
eruption at Vesuvius. PNAS 103 (12), 4366–4370.
McGuire, B., 2003. In the shadow of the volcano. Guardian Unlimited: Special
Reports. URL:http://www.guardian.co.uku.
MESIMEX, 2006. Major Emergency SIMulation EXercise. URL: http://www.
protezionecivile.it.
Mileti, D.S., Sorensen, J.H., 1990. Communication of emergency public
warnings: a social science perspective and state-of-the-art assessment.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. 145 pp. Miller, M., Paton, D., Johnston, D., 1999. Community vulnerability to volcanic
hazard consequences. Disaster Prevention and Management 8 (4), 255–260.
Newhall, C.G., 2000. Volcano warnings. In: Sigurdsson, H. (Ed.), Encyclopedia
of Volcanoes. Academic Press, pp. 1185–1197.
Palumbo, A., 1999. The activity of Vesuvius in the next millennium. Journal of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research 88, 125–129.
Paton, D., Johnston, D.M., Bebbington, M.S., Lai, C.D., Houghton, B.F., 2001.
Direct and vicarious experience of volcanic hazards: implications for risk
perception and adjustment adoption. Australian Journal of Emergency
Management 15 (4), 58–63.
Pesce, A., Rolandi, G., 2000. Vesuvio 1944. L'ultima eruzione. Ed. Magma, 230 pp.
Perret, F.A., 1924. TheVesuvius eruption of 1906; study of volcanic cycles, vol. 339.
Carnegie Institute of Washington. Publication.
Perry, R.W., Green, M.R., 1983. Citizen Response to Volcanic Eruption: The
case of Mt. St. Helens. Irvington Publishers, New York.
Perry, R.W., 1990. Volcanic hazard perceptions at Mt. Shasta. Environmental
Professional 12, 312–318.
Perry, R.W., Lindell, M.K., 1990. Living with Mt. St. Helens: human adjustment
to volcano hazards.Washington Stat University Press, Pullman,Washington.
Perry, R.W., Hirose, H., 1991. Volcano Management in the United States and
Japan. Greenwich, CT, JAI Press.
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Dipartimento della Protezione Civile,
Pianificazione Nazionale d'emergenza dell'area vesuviana, 1995. pp. 1–157.
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Dipartimento della Protezione Civile,
Proposta di Aggiornamento. Aggiunte e varianti alle parti A3, B, C1,e
C2 della Pianificazione Nazionale d'emergenza dell'area vesuviana,
2001. pp. 1–55.
Principe, C., Tanguy, J.C., Arrighi, S., Paiotti, A., Le Goff, M., Zoppi, U., 2004.
Chronology of Vesuvius activity from A.D. 79 to 1631 based on
archeomagnetism of lavas and historical sources. Bulletin of Volcanology 66,
703–724.
Rolandi, G., Mastrolorenzo, G., Barrella, A.N., Borrelli, A., 1993. The Avellino
Plinian Eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (3760 y.B.P.): the progressive
evolution from magmatic to hydromagmatic style. Journal of Volcanology
and Geothermal Research 58, 67–88.
Ronan, K.R., Johnston, D.M., 2001. Correlates of hazard education programs
for youth. Risk Analysis 21, 1055–1063.
Saarinen, T.F., Sell, J.L., 1985. Warnings and Response to the Mt. St. Helens
Eruption. State University of New York Press, Albany. 240 pp.
Santacroce, R., Cioni, R., Marianelli, P., Sbrana, A., 2005. Understanding
Vesuvius and preparing for its next eruption in cultural responses to the
volcanic landscape. In: Balmuth, M.S., Chester, D.K., Johnston, P.A. (Eds.),
The Mediterranean and Beyon, pp. 27–55.
Scandone, R., Arganese, G., Galdi, F., 1993. The evaluation of volcanic risk in
the Vesuvian area. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 58,
261–273.
Slovic, P., 1987. Perception of risk. Science 236, 280–285.
Sparks, R.S.J., 2003. Forecasting volcanic eruptions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
210, 1–15.
Vesuvius 2000, URL: http://www.westnet.com/~dobran/.
VesuVia, 2003: La scelta possibile, URL: http://urp.regione.campania.it/urp/
vesuvia.php.
Yoshii, H., 1992. Disaster warning and social response: the eruption of Mt.
Unzen in Japan. Disaster Management 4, 207–214.
Wenger, D.E., Dykes, J.D., Sebok, T.D., Neff, J.L., 1975. It's a matter of myths:
an empirical examination of individual insight into disaster response. Mass
Emergencies 1, 33–46.
Type
article