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Estimation of SO2 abundance in the eruption plume of Mt. Etna using two MIVIS thermal infrared channels: a case study from the Sicily-1997 Campaign
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/64 (2002)
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Pages (printed)
328–337
Issued date
2002
Abstract
In this paper, an algorithm is developed based on the split-window technique, to estimate the SO2 abundance in the plume of Mt. Etna volcano using the multispectral
infrared and visible imaging spectrometer
(MIVIS). The MIVIS data were remotely sensed in the thermal infrared (TIR) during the Sicily-1997 Campaign.
In this study, the MODTRAN 3.5 code has been used to simulate the radiance at the sensor; the radiative transfer model was input along with the data of radio-sounding performed simultaneously with the MIVIS flight using a
mobile radio-theodolite. From the SO2 map, derived from the MIVIS image, the SO2 flux along the axis of the plume was computed knowing the wind speed at the plume altitude. The SO2 flux is variable along the plume
axis. The average SO2 flux (about 45 kg s–1 on 12 June and about 30 kg s–1 on 16 June) emitted from the vents is compared with the correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) measurements carried out by other teams (from the ground and from a light aircraft flying under the plume) during the MIVIS flight. Finally, by means of this algorithm it should be easier, with respect to the previously
described procedure to monitor the SO2 flux of a specific volcano such as Mt. Etna.
infrared and visible imaging spectrometer
(MIVIS). The MIVIS data were remotely sensed in the thermal infrared (TIR) during the Sicily-1997 Campaign.
In this study, the MODTRAN 3.5 code has been used to simulate the radiance at the sensor; the radiative transfer model was input along with the data of radio-sounding performed simultaneously with the MIVIS flight using a
mobile radio-theodolite. From the SO2 map, derived from the MIVIS image, the SO2 flux along the axis of the plume was computed knowing the wind speed at the plume altitude. The SO2 flux is variable along the plume
axis. The average SO2 flux (about 45 kg s–1 on 12 June and about 30 kg s–1 on 16 June) emitted from the vents is compared with the correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) measurements carried out by other teams (from the ground and from a light aircraft flying under the plume) during the MIVIS flight. Finally, by means of this algorithm it should be easier, with respect to the previously
described procedure to monitor the SO2 flux of a specific volcano such as Mt. Etna.
References
Abrams M (2000) The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and
reflection radiometer (ASTER): data products for the high
spatial resolution imager on NASA’s Terra platform. Int J
Remote Sensing 21(5):847–859
Allard P, Carbonelle J, Dajlevic D, Le Bronec J, Morel P, Robe
MC, Maurenas JM, Faivre Pierret R, Martin D, Sabrouk JC,
Zeltwoag P (1991) Eruptive and diffuse emissions of CO2
from Mount Etna. Nature 351:387–391
Andersen HS (1996) Estimation of precipitable water from NOAA
AVHRR data during the Hapex Sahel experiment. Int J
Remote Sensing 17(14):2783–2801
Anding D, Kauth R (1970) Estimation of sea surface temperature
from space. Remote Sensing Environ 1:217
Becker F, Li ZL (1990a) Temperature independent spectral indices
in thermal infrared bands. Remote Sensing Environ 32:17–33
Becker F, Li ZL (1990b) Towards a local split window method
over land surfaces. Int J Remote Sensing 11:369–393
Becker F, Li ZL (1995) Surface temperature and emissivity at
various scales: definition, measurement and related problems.
Remote Sensing Rev 12:225–253
Bhartia PK, Herman J, McPeters RD (1993) Effect of Mount Pinatubo
aerosols on total ozone measurements from backscatter ultraviolet
(BUV) experiments. J Geophys Res 98:18547–18554
Bianchi R, Cavalli RM, Fiumi L, Marino CM, Pignatti S (1996)
Airborne remote sensing: results of two years of imaging
spectrometry for the study of the environmental problems. In:
Spitterieds (ed) Remote sensing. Balkema, Rotterdam,
pp 269–273
Buongiorno MF, Bogliolo MP, Caltabiano T, Carrere V, Corradini
S, Merucci L, Pugnaghi S, Salvi S, Sterni A, Teggi S (1999)
MVRRS Campaign: MIVIS mission on Sicilian volcanoes and
ground measurements. Ist Naz Geofisica, Rome, Italy, Pub
no 7, pp 1–90
Caltabiano T, Romano R (1988) Messa a punto di metodologie di
misura con apparecchiatura COSPEC del flusso di SO2 da
vulcani attivi italiani. Boll Gruppo Nazionale Vulcanol 4:
133–145
Caltabiano T, Romano R, Buretta G (1994) SO2 flux measurements
at Mt Etna. J Geophys Res 99(D6):809–819
Corradini S (1998) Stima del Flusso di SO2 dell’Etna da Immagini
Telerilevate nell’Infrarosso termico e Misure Atmosferiche
(Campagna di Misure MVRRS ’Sicily ‘97’). Thesis, Modena
and Reggio Emilia University, Modena
Deschamps PY, Phulpin T (1980) Atmospheric correction of infrared
measurements of sea surface temperature using channels at
3, 7, 11 and 12 μm. Boundary Layer Meteorol 18:131–143
Duuton EG, Christy JR (1992) Solar radiative forcing at selected
locations and evidence for global lower tropospheric cooling
following the eruptions of El Chichon and Pinatubo. Geophys
Res Lett 19:2313–2316
Edner H, Ragnarson P, Svanberg S, Wallinder E, Ferrara R, Cioni R,
Raco B, Taddeucci G (1994) Total fluxes of sulfur dioxide from
the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli and Vulcano measured by
differential absorption Lidar and passive differential optical
absorption spectroscopy. J Geophys Res 99(D9):18827–18838
Ferrara R, Mazzolai B, Lanzillotta E, Nucaro E, Pirrone N (2000)
Volcanoes as emission source of atmospheric mercury in the
Mediterranean basin. Sci Total Environ 259(1–3):115–121
Francis P, Burton MR, Oppenheimer C (1998) Remote measurements
of volcanic gas compositions by solar occultation spectroscopy.
Nature 396(6711):567–570
Gillespie A, Rokugava S, Matsunaga T, Cothern JS, Hook S,
Kahle A (1998) A temperature and emissivity separation
algorithm for advanced spaceborne thermal emission and
reflection radiometer (ASTER) images. IEEE Trans Geosci
Remote Sensing 36(4):1113–1126
Hoffman DJ, Oltmans SJ (1993) Anomalous Arctic ozone during
1992: evidence for Pinatubo volcanic aerosol effects. J Geophys
Res 98(D10):18555–18561
Horrocks L, Burton M, Francis P, Oppenheimer C (1999) Stable
gas plume composition measured by OP FTIR spectroscopy at
Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua 1998. Geophys Res Lett 26:
3497–3500
Kidder SQ, Vonder Haar TH (1995) Satellite meteorology: an
introduction. Academic Press, New York
Langmann B, Herzog M, Graf HF (1998) Radiative forcing of
climate by sulfate aerosols as determined by a regional circulation
chemistry transport model. Atmos Environ 32(16):
2757–2768
Leckner B (1978) The spectral distribution of solar radiation at the
Earth’s surface – element of a model. Solar Energy 20(2):
143–150
McClain EP, Pichhel WG, Walton CC (1985) Comparative performance
of AVHRR Based multichannel sea surface temperature.
J Geophys Res 90:11587–11601
McCormick PM, Thomason LW, Trepte CR (1995) Atmospheric
effects of the Mt Pinatubo eruption. Nature 373:399–404
McMillin LM (1975) Estimation of sea surface temperature from
two infrared window measurements with different absorption.
J Geophys Res 80:5113–5117
Medici P (2000) Stima del Contenuto Colonnare di SO2 del Plume
dell’Etna da Immagini Telerilevate nell’Infrarosso Termico dal
Radiometro ASTER a Bordo del Satellite Terra. Thesis, Modena
and Reggio Emilia University, Modena
Ottle C, Outalha S, Francois C, LeMaguer S (1997) Estimation of
total atmospheric water vapor from split window radiance
measurements. Remote Sensing Environ 61(3):410–418
Prabhakara C, Dalu G, Kunde VG (1974) Estimation of sea
surface temperature from remote sensing in the 11 to 13 μm
window region. J Geophys Res 79:5033–5044
Prata AJ (1993) Land surface temperature derived from the AVHRR
and ATSR. 1: Theory. J Geophys Res 89(D9):16689–16702
Price JC (1984) Land surface temperature measurements from the
split window channels of the NOAA7 AVHRR. J Geophys Res
89:7231–7237
Realmuto VJ (1990) Separating the effects of temperature and
emissivity: emissivity spectrum normalization – 2nd thermal
infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) workshop. In: Abbot
EA (ed) Proceedings of the Second TIMS Workshop. JPL
Publication 90-55, Pasadena, pp 310–316
Realmuto VJ, Abrams MJ, Buongiorno MF, Pieri DC (1994) The
use of multispectral thermal infrared image data to estimate
the sulfur dioxide flux from volcanoes: a case study from
Mount Etna, Sicily, July 29 1986. J Geophys Res 99:481–488
Realmuto VJ, Sutton AJ, Elias T (1997) Multispectral thermal
infrared mapping of sulfur dioxide plumes: a case study form
the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. J Geophys Res
102:15057–15072
Rose WI (1977) Scavenging of volcanic aerosol by ash: atmospheric
and volcanological implications. Geology 5:621–624
Saunders PM (1967) Aerial measurements of sea surface temperature
in the infrared. J Geophys Res 72:4109–4117
Schmugge TJ, Becker F, Li ZL (1991) Spectral emissivity variations
observed in the airborne surface temperature measurements.
Remote Sensing Environ 35:95–104
Sobrino JA, Coll C, Caselles V (1991) Atmospheric correction for
land surface temperature using NOAA 11 AVHRR channel 4
and 5. Remote Sensing Environ 38:19–34
Sterni A (1996) Misure atmosferiche e modelli di trasferimento
radiativo in atmosfera per lo studio dei plumes vulcanici
mediante telerilevamento. Thesis, Modena and Reggio Emilia
University, Modena
Stoiber RE, Williams SN, Huebert B (1987) Annual contribution
of Sulphur dioxide to the atmosphere by volcanoes. J Volcanol
Geotherm Res 33:1–8
Teggi S, Pugnaghi S, Buongiorno MF, Bogliolo MP, Realmuto VJ
(1996) Modeling local atmospheric effects by MODTRAN 3
code and vertical profiles in the area of Mt Etna Volcano,
Sicily. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference on Atmospheric
and Transfer Modeling, Hanscom, MA, 6–8 June 1995
PL TR 96-2080, Spec Rep no 278, pp 340–344
Teggi S, Bogliolo MP, Buongiorno MF, Pugnaghi S (1998)
Influence of non representative atmospheric profiles on
estimates of land surface temperature by MIVIS data using
radiative transfer models. J Atmos Solar Terrest Phys 60:
1059–1070
Teggi S, Bogliolo MP, Buongiorno MF, Pugnaghi S, Sterni A
(1999) Evaluation of SO2 emission from Mt Etna using diurnal
and nocturnal MIVIS TIR remote sensing images and radiative
transfer models. J Geophys Res 104(B9):20069–20079
Yamaguchi Y, Kahle A, Tsu H, Kawakami T, Pniel M (1998)
Overview of advanced spaceborne thermal emission reflection
radiometer (ASTER). IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sensing 36:
1062–1071
Wan Z, Li ZL (1997) A physics based algorithm for retrieving
Land surface emissivity and temperature from EOS/MODIS
data. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sensing 35(4):980–996
Weibring P, Edner H, Svanberg S, Cecchi G, Pantani L, Ferrara R,
Caltabiano T (1998) Monitoring of volcanic sulphur dioxide
emissions using differential absorption lidar (DIAL), differential
optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), and correlation
spectroscopy (COSPEC). Applied Phys Lasers Optics 67:1–8
reflection radiometer (ASTER): data products for the high
spatial resolution imager on NASA’s Terra platform. Int J
Remote Sensing 21(5):847–859
Allard P, Carbonelle J, Dajlevic D, Le Bronec J, Morel P, Robe
MC, Maurenas JM, Faivre Pierret R, Martin D, Sabrouk JC,
Zeltwoag P (1991) Eruptive and diffuse emissions of CO2
from Mount Etna. Nature 351:387–391
Andersen HS (1996) Estimation of precipitable water from NOAA
AVHRR data during the Hapex Sahel experiment. Int J
Remote Sensing 17(14):2783–2801
Anding D, Kauth R (1970) Estimation of sea surface temperature
from space. Remote Sensing Environ 1:217
Becker F, Li ZL (1990a) Temperature independent spectral indices
in thermal infrared bands. Remote Sensing Environ 32:17–33
Becker F, Li ZL (1990b) Towards a local split window method
over land surfaces. Int J Remote Sensing 11:369–393
Becker F, Li ZL (1995) Surface temperature and emissivity at
various scales: definition, measurement and related problems.
Remote Sensing Rev 12:225–253
Bhartia PK, Herman J, McPeters RD (1993) Effect of Mount Pinatubo
aerosols on total ozone measurements from backscatter ultraviolet
(BUV) experiments. J Geophys Res 98:18547–18554
Bianchi R, Cavalli RM, Fiumi L, Marino CM, Pignatti S (1996)
Airborne remote sensing: results of two years of imaging
spectrometry for the study of the environmental problems. In:
Spitterieds (ed) Remote sensing. Balkema, Rotterdam,
pp 269–273
Buongiorno MF, Bogliolo MP, Caltabiano T, Carrere V, Corradini
S, Merucci L, Pugnaghi S, Salvi S, Sterni A, Teggi S (1999)
MVRRS Campaign: MIVIS mission on Sicilian volcanoes and
ground measurements. Ist Naz Geofisica, Rome, Italy, Pub
no 7, pp 1–90
Caltabiano T, Romano R (1988) Messa a punto di metodologie di
misura con apparecchiatura COSPEC del flusso di SO2 da
vulcani attivi italiani. Boll Gruppo Nazionale Vulcanol 4:
133–145
Caltabiano T, Romano R, Buretta G (1994) SO2 flux measurements
at Mt Etna. J Geophys Res 99(D6):809–819
Corradini S (1998) Stima del Flusso di SO2 dell’Etna da Immagini
Telerilevate nell’Infrarosso termico e Misure Atmosferiche
(Campagna di Misure MVRRS ’Sicily ‘97’). Thesis, Modena
and Reggio Emilia University, Modena
Deschamps PY, Phulpin T (1980) Atmospheric correction of infrared
measurements of sea surface temperature using channels at
3, 7, 11 and 12 μm. Boundary Layer Meteorol 18:131–143
Duuton EG, Christy JR (1992) Solar radiative forcing at selected
locations and evidence for global lower tropospheric cooling
following the eruptions of El Chichon and Pinatubo. Geophys
Res Lett 19:2313–2316
Edner H, Ragnarson P, Svanberg S, Wallinder E, Ferrara R, Cioni R,
Raco B, Taddeucci G (1994) Total fluxes of sulfur dioxide from
the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli and Vulcano measured by
differential absorption Lidar and passive differential optical
absorption spectroscopy. J Geophys Res 99(D9):18827–18838
Ferrara R, Mazzolai B, Lanzillotta E, Nucaro E, Pirrone N (2000)
Volcanoes as emission source of atmospheric mercury in the
Mediterranean basin. Sci Total Environ 259(1–3):115–121
Francis P, Burton MR, Oppenheimer C (1998) Remote measurements
of volcanic gas compositions by solar occultation spectroscopy.
Nature 396(6711):567–570
Gillespie A, Rokugava S, Matsunaga T, Cothern JS, Hook S,
Kahle A (1998) A temperature and emissivity separation
algorithm for advanced spaceborne thermal emission and
reflection radiometer (ASTER) images. IEEE Trans Geosci
Remote Sensing 36(4):1113–1126
Hoffman DJ, Oltmans SJ (1993) Anomalous Arctic ozone during
1992: evidence for Pinatubo volcanic aerosol effects. J Geophys
Res 98(D10):18555–18561
Horrocks L, Burton M, Francis P, Oppenheimer C (1999) Stable
gas plume composition measured by OP FTIR spectroscopy at
Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua 1998. Geophys Res Lett 26:
3497–3500
Kidder SQ, Vonder Haar TH (1995) Satellite meteorology: an
introduction. Academic Press, New York
Langmann B, Herzog M, Graf HF (1998) Radiative forcing of
climate by sulfate aerosols as determined by a regional circulation
chemistry transport model. Atmos Environ 32(16):
2757–2768
Leckner B (1978) The spectral distribution of solar radiation at the
Earth’s surface – element of a model. Solar Energy 20(2):
143–150
McClain EP, Pichhel WG, Walton CC (1985) Comparative performance
of AVHRR Based multichannel sea surface temperature.
J Geophys Res 90:11587–11601
McCormick PM, Thomason LW, Trepte CR (1995) Atmospheric
effects of the Mt Pinatubo eruption. Nature 373:399–404
McMillin LM (1975) Estimation of sea surface temperature from
two infrared window measurements with different absorption.
J Geophys Res 80:5113–5117
Medici P (2000) Stima del Contenuto Colonnare di SO2 del Plume
dell’Etna da Immagini Telerilevate nell’Infrarosso Termico dal
Radiometro ASTER a Bordo del Satellite Terra. Thesis, Modena
and Reggio Emilia University, Modena
Ottle C, Outalha S, Francois C, LeMaguer S (1997) Estimation of
total atmospheric water vapor from split window radiance
measurements. Remote Sensing Environ 61(3):410–418
Prabhakara C, Dalu G, Kunde VG (1974) Estimation of sea
surface temperature from remote sensing in the 11 to 13 μm
window region. J Geophys Res 79:5033–5044
Prata AJ (1993) Land surface temperature derived from the AVHRR
and ATSR. 1: Theory. J Geophys Res 89(D9):16689–16702
Price JC (1984) Land surface temperature measurements from the
split window channels of the NOAA7 AVHRR. J Geophys Res
89:7231–7237
Realmuto VJ (1990) Separating the effects of temperature and
emissivity: emissivity spectrum normalization – 2nd thermal
infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) workshop. In: Abbot
EA (ed) Proceedings of the Second TIMS Workshop. JPL
Publication 90-55, Pasadena, pp 310–316
Realmuto VJ, Abrams MJ, Buongiorno MF, Pieri DC (1994) The
use of multispectral thermal infrared image data to estimate
the sulfur dioxide flux from volcanoes: a case study from
Mount Etna, Sicily, July 29 1986. J Geophys Res 99:481–488
Realmuto VJ, Sutton AJ, Elias T (1997) Multispectral thermal
infrared mapping of sulfur dioxide plumes: a case study form
the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. J Geophys Res
102:15057–15072
Rose WI (1977) Scavenging of volcanic aerosol by ash: atmospheric
and volcanological implications. Geology 5:621–624
Saunders PM (1967) Aerial measurements of sea surface temperature
in the infrared. J Geophys Res 72:4109–4117
Schmugge TJ, Becker F, Li ZL (1991) Spectral emissivity variations
observed in the airborne surface temperature measurements.
Remote Sensing Environ 35:95–104
Sobrino JA, Coll C, Caselles V (1991) Atmospheric correction for
land surface temperature using NOAA 11 AVHRR channel 4
and 5. Remote Sensing Environ 38:19–34
Sterni A (1996) Misure atmosferiche e modelli di trasferimento
radiativo in atmosfera per lo studio dei plumes vulcanici
mediante telerilevamento. Thesis, Modena and Reggio Emilia
University, Modena
Stoiber RE, Williams SN, Huebert B (1987) Annual contribution
of Sulphur dioxide to the atmosphere by volcanoes. J Volcanol
Geotherm Res 33:1–8
Teggi S, Pugnaghi S, Buongiorno MF, Bogliolo MP, Realmuto VJ
(1996) Modeling local atmospheric effects by MODTRAN 3
code and vertical profiles in the area of Mt Etna Volcano,
Sicily. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference on Atmospheric
and Transfer Modeling, Hanscom, MA, 6–8 June 1995
PL TR 96-2080, Spec Rep no 278, pp 340–344
Teggi S, Bogliolo MP, Buongiorno MF, Pugnaghi S (1998)
Influence of non representative atmospheric profiles on
estimates of land surface temperature by MIVIS data using
radiative transfer models. J Atmos Solar Terrest Phys 60:
1059–1070
Teggi S, Bogliolo MP, Buongiorno MF, Pugnaghi S, Sterni A
(1999) Evaluation of SO2 emission from Mt Etna using diurnal
and nocturnal MIVIS TIR remote sensing images and radiative
transfer models. J Geophys Res 104(B9):20069–20079
Yamaguchi Y, Kahle A, Tsu H, Kawakami T, Pniel M (1998)
Overview of advanced spaceborne thermal emission reflection
radiometer (ASTER). IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sensing 36:
1062–1071
Wan Z, Li ZL (1997) A physics based algorithm for retrieving
Land surface emissivity and temperature from EOS/MODIS
data. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sensing 35(4):980–996
Weibring P, Edner H, Svanberg S, Cecchi G, Pantani L, Ferrara R,
Caltabiano T (1998) Monitoring of volcanic sulphur dioxide
emissions using differential absorption lidar (DIAL), differential
optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), and correlation
spectroscopy (COSPEC). Applied Phys Lasers Optics 67:1–8
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