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Intrusive Mechanisms at Mt. Etna Forerunning the July-August 2001 Eruption from Seismic and Ground Deformation Data
Author(s)
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
7/161(2004)
Publisher
Springer
Pages (printed)
1469-1487
Issued date
July 2004
Abstract
In this work we present seismological and ground deformation evidence for the phase
preparing the July 18 to August 9, 2001 flank eruption at Etna. The analysis performed, through data from
the permanent seismic and ground deformation networks, highlighted a strong relationship between
seismic strain release at depth and surface deformation. This joint analysis provided strong constraints on
the magma rising mechanisms. We show that in the last ten years, after the 1991–1993 eruption, an overall
accumulation of tension has affected the volcano. Then we investigate the months preceding the 2001
eruption. In particular, we analyse the strong seismic swarm on April 20–24, 2001, comprising more than
200 events (Mmax = 3.6) with prevalent dextral shear fault mechanisms in the western flank. The swarm
showed a ca. NE-SW earthquake alignment which, in agreement with previous cases, can be interpreted as
the response of the medium to an intrusive process along the approximately NNW-SSE volcano-genetic
trend. These mechanisms, leading to the July 18 to August 9, 2001 flank eruption, are analogous to ones
observed some months before the 1991–1993 flank eruption and, more recently, in January 1998 before the
February-November 1999 summit eruption.
preparing the July 18 to August 9, 2001 flank eruption at Etna. The analysis performed, through data from
the permanent seismic and ground deformation networks, highlighted a strong relationship between
seismic strain release at depth and surface deformation. This joint analysis provided strong constraints on
the magma rising mechanisms. We show that in the last ten years, after the 1991–1993 eruption, an overall
accumulation of tension has affected the volcano. Then we investigate the months preceding the 2001
eruption. In particular, we analyse the strong seismic swarm on April 20–24, 2001, comprising more than
200 events (Mmax = 3.6) with prevalent dextral shear fault mechanisms in the western flank. The swarm
showed a ca. NE-SW earthquake alignment which, in agreement with previous cases, can be interpreted as
the response of the medium to an intrusive process along the approximately NNW-SSE volcano-genetic
trend. These mechanisms, leading to the July 18 to August 9, 2001 flank eruption, are analogous to ones
observed some months before the 1991–1993 flank eruption and, more recently, in January 1998 before the
February-November 1999 summit eruption.
References
AMORE, M., BONACCORSO, A., FERRARI, F., and MATTIA, M. (2002), EOLO: Software for the Automatic On-line Treatment and Analysis of GPS Data for Environmental Monitoring, Computer and Geosciences 28, 2, 271–280 APPLIED GEOMECHANICS INCORPORATED (1993), Notes on Temperature Coe.cients and Long-term Drift of Applied Geomechanics Tiltmeters, Report no. A-93-1001, AGI, Santa Cruz, California.
BARBERI, G., COCINA, O., NERI, G., PRIVITERA, E., and SPAMPINATO, S. (2000), Volcanological Inferences From Seismic Strain Tensor Computation at Mt. Etna Volcano, Sicily, Bull. Volcanol. 62, 318–330.
BONACCORSO, A., FALZONE, G., RAIA, G., and VILLARI, L. (1998), Application for New Technology for Ground Deformation Continuous Detection, Acta Vulcanol. 10 (1), 7–12.
BONACCORSO, A., FALZONE, G., and GAMBINO S. (1999), An Investigation into Shallow Borehole Tiltmeters, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1637–1640.
BONACCORSO, A., FERRUCCI, F., PATANE` , D., and VILLARI, L. (1996), Fast Deformation Processes and Eruptive Activity at Mt. Etna (Italy), J. Geophys. Res. 101, 17,467—17,480.
BONACCORSO, A. (1996), A Dynamic Inversion for Modelling Volcanic Sources through Ground Deformation Data (Etna 1991–1992), Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 451–454.
BONACCORSO, A. and GAMBINO, S. (1997), Impulsive Tilt Variations at Mount Etna Volcano (1990–1993), Tectonophysics 270, 115–125
BONACCORSO, A. (2001), Mt Etna Volcano: Modelling of Ground Deformation Patterns of Recent Eruptions and Considerations on the Associated Precursors, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 109, 99–108.
BONACCORSO, A. and PATANE` , D. (2001), Shear Response to an Intrusive Episode at Mt. Etna Volcano (January 1998) Inferred through Seismic and Tilt Data, Tectonophysics, 334, 61–75.
CAYOL, V. and CORNET F. H. (1998), E.ects of Topography on the Interpretation of the Deformation Field of Prominent Volcanoes – Application to Etna, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 1979–1982.
COCINA, O., NERI, G., PRIVITERA, E., and SPAMPINATO, S. (1998), Seismogenic Stress Filed beneath Mt. Etna (South Italy) and Possible Relationships with Volcano-tectonic Features, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 83, 335–348.
FERNA´ NDEZ, J., CHARCO, M., TIAMPO, K. F., JENTZSCH, G., and RUNDLE, J. B. (2001a), Joint Interpretation of Displacement and Gravity in Volcanic Areas. A Test Example: Long Valley Caldera, California, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 1063–1066.
FERNA´ NDEZ, J., TIAMPO, K. F., JENTZSCH, G, CHARCO, M., and RUNDLE, J. B. (2001b), In.ation or De.ation?: New Results for Mayon Volcano Applying Elastic-gravitational Modeling, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 2349–2352.
FRAZZETTA, G. and VILLARI, L. (1981), The Feeding of the Eruptive Activity of Etna Volcano: The Regional Stress Field as a Constraint to Magma Uprising and Eruption, Bull. Volcanol. 44, 269–282.
GRESTA, S., PERUZZA, L., SLEJKO, D., and DI STEFANO, G. (1998), Inferences on the Main Volcano-tectonic Structures at Mt. Etna (Sicily) from a Probabilistic Seismological Approach, J. Seismol. 2, 105–116. GVN (1998), Global Volcanism Network, Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, vol. 23. GVN (2000), Global Volcanism Network, Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, vol. 3.
HIRN, A., NERCESSIAN, A., SAPIN, M., FERRUCCI, F., andWITTLINGER, G. (1991), Seismic Heterogeneity of Mt. Etna: Structure and Activity, Geophys. J. Int. 105, 139–153.
LA DELFA, S., PATANE` , G., CLOCCHIATTI, R., JORON, J. L., and TANGUY, J. C. (2001), Activity Preceding the February 1999 Fissure Eruption: Inferred Mechanism from Seismological and Geochemical data, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 105, 121–139.
LAHR, J. C. (1989), HYPOELLIPSE/VERSION 2.0* : A Computer Program for Determining Local Earthquake Hypocentral Parameters, Magnitude, and First-motion Pattern, U. S. Geol. Survey, Open- File Report 89/116, 81 pp.
LO GIUDICE, E. and RASA` , R. (1986), The Role of the NNW Structural Trend in the Recent Geodynamic Evolution of Northeastern Sicily and its Volcanic Implications in the Etnean Area, J. Geodyn. 5, 309–330.
PATANE` , D., PRIVITERA, E., FERRUCCI, F., and GRESTA, S. (1994), Seismic Activity Leading to the 1991–93 Eruption of Mt. Etna and its Tectonic Implications, Acta Vulcanol. 4, 47–56.
PATANE` , D., FERRARI, F., and FERRUCCI, F. (1999), First Application of ASDP Software: A Case Study at Mt. Etna Volcano and in the Acri Region (Southern Italy), Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 113, 75–88.
PATANE` , D. and PRIVITERA, E. (2001), Seismicity Related to 1989 and 1991–93 Mt. Etna (Italy) Eruptions: Kinematic Constraints by FPS Analysis, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 109, 77–98.
PATANE` , D., PRIVITERA, E., GRESTA, S., ALPARONE, S., AKINCI, A., BARBERI, G., CHIARALUCE, L., COCINA, O., D’AMICO, S., DE GORI, P., DI GRAZIA, G., FALSAPERLA, S., FERRARI, F., GAMBINO, S., GIAMPICCOLO, E., LANGER, H.,MAIOLINO, V.,MORETTI,M.,MOSTACCIO, A.,MUSUMECI, C., PICCININI, D., REITANO, D., SCARFI` , L., SPAMPINATO, S., URSINO, A., and ZUCCARELLO, L. (2003a), Seismological Features and Kinematic Constrains for the July-August 2001 Lateral Eruption at Mt. Etna Volcano, Italy,
Annali di Geo.sica, in press.
PATANE` , D., DE GORI, P., CHIARABBA, C., and BONACCORSO, A. (2003b), Magma Ascent and the Pressurization of Mount Etna’s Volcanic System, Science, 299, 2061–2063.
PUGLISI, G., BONFORTE, A., and MAUGERI, S. R. (2001), Ground Deformation Patterns on Mt. Etna, between 1992 and 1994, Inferred from GPS Data, Bull. Volcanol. 62, 371–384.
REASENBERG, P. and Oppenheimer, D. (1985), FPFIT, FPPLOT, and FPPAGE: FORTRAN Computer Programs for Calculating and Displaying Fault Plane Solutions, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 85/739, 109 pp. RESEARCH STAFF OF INGV-CT (2001), Multidisciplinary Approach yields Insight into Mt. Etna Eruption, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Uni. 82, 653–656.
WILLIAMS, C. A. and WADGE, G. (1998), The E.ects of Topography on Magma Chamber Deformation Models: Application to Mt. Etna and Radar Interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1549–1552.
BARBERI, G., COCINA, O., NERI, G., PRIVITERA, E., and SPAMPINATO, S. (2000), Volcanological Inferences From Seismic Strain Tensor Computation at Mt. Etna Volcano, Sicily, Bull. Volcanol. 62, 318–330.
BONACCORSO, A., FALZONE, G., RAIA, G., and VILLARI, L. (1998), Application for New Technology for Ground Deformation Continuous Detection, Acta Vulcanol. 10 (1), 7–12.
BONACCORSO, A., FALZONE, G., and GAMBINO S. (1999), An Investigation into Shallow Borehole Tiltmeters, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1637–1640.
BONACCORSO, A., FERRUCCI, F., PATANE` , D., and VILLARI, L. (1996), Fast Deformation Processes and Eruptive Activity at Mt. Etna (Italy), J. Geophys. Res. 101, 17,467—17,480.
BONACCORSO, A. (1996), A Dynamic Inversion for Modelling Volcanic Sources through Ground Deformation Data (Etna 1991–1992), Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 451–454.
BONACCORSO, A. and GAMBINO, S. (1997), Impulsive Tilt Variations at Mount Etna Volcano (1990–1993), Tectonophysics 270, 115–125
BONACCORSO, A. (2001), Mt Etna Volcano: Modelling of Ground Deformation Patterns of Recent Eruptions and Considerations on the Associated Precursors, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 109, 99–108.
BONACCORSO, A. and PATANE` , D. (2001), Shear Response to an Intrusive Episode at Mt. Etna Volcano (January 1998) Inferred through Seismic and Tilt Data, Tectonophysics, 334, 61–75.
CAYOL, V. and CORNET F. H. (1998), E.ects of Topography on the Interpretation of the Deformation Field of Prominent Volcanoes – Application to Etna, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 1979–1982.
COCINA, O., NERI, G., PRIVITERA, E., and SPAMPINATO, S. (1998), Seismogenic Stress Filed beneath Mt. Etna (South Italy) and Possible Relationships with Volcano-tectonic Features, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 83, 335–348.
FERNA´ NDEZ, J., CHARCO, M., TIAMPO, K. F., JENTZSCH, G., and RUNDLE, J. B. (2001a), Joint Interpretation of Displacement and Gravity in Volcanic Areas. A Test Example: Long Valley Caldera, California, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 1063–1066.
FERNA´ NDEZ, J., TIAMPO, K. F., JENTZSCH, G, CHARCO, M., and RUNDLE, J. B. (2001b), In.ation or De.ation?: New Results for Mayon Volcano Applying Elastic-gravitational Modeling, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 2349–2352.
FRAZZETTA, G. and VILLARI, L. (1981), The Feeding of the Eruptive Activity of Etna Volcano: The Regional Stress Field as a Constraint to Magma Uprising and Eruption, Bull. Volcanol. 44, 269–282.
GRESTA, S., PERUZZA, L., SLEJKO, D., and DI STEFANO, G. (1998), Inferences on the Main Volcano-tectonic Structures at Mt. Etna (Sicily) from a Probabilistic Seismological Approach, J. Seismol. 2, 105–116. GVN (1998), Global Volcanism Network, Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, vol. 23. GVN (2000), Global Volcanism Network, Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, vol. 3.
HIRN, A., NERCESSIAN, A., SAPIN, M., FERRUCCI, F., andWITTLINGER, G. (1991), Seismic Heterogeneity of Mt. Etna: Structure and Activity, Geophys. J. Int. 105, 139–153.
LA DELFA, S., PATANE` , G., CLOCCHIATTI, R., JORON, J. L., and TANGUY, J. C. (2001), Activity Preceding the February 1999 Fissure Eruption: Inferred Mechanism from Seismological and Geochemical data, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 105, 121–139.
LAHR, J. C. (1989), HYPOELLIPSE/VERSION 2.0* : A Computer Program for Determining Local Earthquake Hypocentral Parameters, Magnitude, and First-motion Pattern, U. S. Geol. Survey, Open- File Report 89/116, 81 pp.
LO GIUDICE, E. and RASA` , R. (1986), The Role of the NNW Structural Trend in the Recent Geodynamic Evolution of Northeastern Sicily and its Volcanic Implications in the Etnean Area, J. Geodyn. 5, 309–330.
PATANE` , D., PRIVITERA, E., FERRUCCI, F., and GRESTA, S. (1994), Seismic Activity Leading to the 1991–93 Eruption of Mt. Etna and its Tectonic Implications, Acta Vulcanol. 4, 47–56.
PATANE` , D., FERRARI, F., and FERRUCCI, F. (1999), First Application of ASDP Software: A Case Study at Mt. Etna Volcano and in the Acri Region (Southern Italy), Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 113, 75–88.
PATANE` , D. and PRIVITERA, E. (2001), Seismicity Related to 1989 and 1991–93 Mt. Etna (Italy) Eruptions: Kinematic Constraints by FPS Analysis, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 109, 77–98.
PATANE` , D., PRIVITERA, E., GRESTA, S., ALPARONE, S., AKINCI, A., BARBERI, G., CHIARALUCE, L., COCINA, O., D’AMICO, S., DE GORI, P., DI GRAZIA, G., FALSAPERLA, S., FERRARI, F., GAMBINO, S., GIAMPICCOLO, E., LANGER, H.,MAIOLINO, V.,MORETTI,M.,MOSTACCIO, A.,MUSUMECI, C., PICCININI, D., REITANO, D., SCARFI` , L., SPAMPINATO, S., URSINO, A., and ZUCCARELLO, L. (2003a), Seismological Features and Kinematic Constrains for the July-August 2001 Lateral Eruption at Mt. Etna Volcano, Italy,
Annali di Geo.sica, in press.
PATANE` , D., DE GORI, P., CHIARABBA, C., and BONACCORSO, A. (2003b), Magma Ascent and the Pressurization of Mount Etna’s Volcanic System, Science, 299, 2061–2063.
PUGLISI, G., BONFORTE, A., and MAUGERI, S. R. (2001), Ground Deformation Patterns on Mt. Etna, between 1992 and 1994, Inferred from GPS Data, Bull. Volcanol. 62, 371–384.
REASENBERG, P. and Oppenheimer, D. (1985), FPFIT, FPPLOT, and FPPAGE: FORTRAN Computer Programs for Calculating and Displaying Fault Plane Solutions, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 85/739, 109 pp. RESEARCH STAFF OF INGV-CT (2001), Multidisciplinary Approach yields Insight into Mt. Etna Eruption, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Uni. 82, 653–656.
WILLIAMS, C. A. and WADGE, G. (1998), The E.ects of Topography on Magma Chamber Deformation Models: Application to Mt. Etna and Radar Interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1549–1552.
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