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Electrict and Electromagnetic signals emitted from rocks under stress up to fracture. Experimental results
Author(s)
Type
Conference paper
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
Status
Published
Issued date
February 23, 2008
Conference Location
Cambridge, UK
Abstract
The application of mechanical stress on rock sample can stimulate elecric and electromagnetic signal emission. Such emissions can be detected experimentally. In this work, experiments that show up Electric and Electromagnetic signal emissions during the application of mechanical stress with various modes, are described. The experimental results manifest that such Electric and Electromagnetic signals can be used as precursors of the upcoming failure.
References
[1] M. Hayakawa, (Editor) Electromagnetic phenomena related to earthquake prediction, Terra Scientific Publishing, 1999.
[2] M. Hayakawa and Y. Fujinawa, (Editors), Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction, Terra Scientific Publishing, Company, Tokyo, 1994.
[3] M. Hayakawa and O.A. Molchanov (Editors), Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 2002.
[4] D.A. Fiffolt, V.F. Petrenko,. and E.M.. Schulson, Preliminary study of electromagnetic emissions from cracks in ice, Philosophical Magazine B, 67, 1993, pp. 289.
[5] S.G. O'Keefe and D.V. Thiel, A mechanism for the production of electromagnetic radiation during fracture of Brittle materials, Phys. Earth Plane. Inter., 89, 1995, pp. 127-135.
[6] V. Frid, A. Rabinovitch and D. Bahat, Fracture induced electromagnetic radiation, Journal of physics D: applied physics, 36, 2003, 1620-1628.
[7] G.O. Cress, B.T., Brady, and G.A. Rowell, Sources of electromagnetic radiation from fracture of rock samples in laboratory, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 1987, pp. 331.
[8] J.W. Warwick, C. Stoker and T.R. Meyer, Radio emission associated with rock fracture : Possible application to the great Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1982, pp. 2851.
[9] T. Ogawa, K. Oike, and T. Miura, Electromagnetic radiation from rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1985, pp. 6245.
[10] S. Yoshida, M. Uyeshima, and M. Nakatani, Electric potential changes associated with a slip failure of granite : Preseismic and coseismic signals, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1997, 14883.
[11] V. Hadjicontis and C. Mavromatou, Transient electric signals prior to rock failure under uniaxial compression, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1994, pp. 1687.
[12] V. Hadjicontis and C. Mavromatou, Laboratory investigation of electric signals preceding earthquakes, in Sir J. Lighthill (ed.), A critical review of VAN, World Scientific, Singapore, 1996, pp. 105-117.
[13] C. Mavromatou and V. Hadjicontis, Laboratory investigation of transient electric signals detected by VAN network in Greece, Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction, Edited by M.Havakawa and Y.Fujinawa, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, Tokyo, 1994, pp 293-305.
[14] I. Stavrakas, D. Triantis, Z. Agioutantis, S. Maurigiannakis, V. Saltas, F. Vallianatos, and M. Clarke, Pressure stimulated currents in rocks and their correlation with mechanical properties, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 2004, pp. 563–567.
[15] Ι. Stavrakas, C. Anastasiadis, D. Triantis and F. Vallianatos, Piezo Stimulated currents in marble samples: Precursory and concurrent – with – failure signals, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 2003, pp. 243-247.
[16] C. Anastasiadis, D. Triantis, I. Stavrakas, F. Vallianatos, Pressure stimulated currents (PSC) in marble samples after the application of various stress modes before fracture, Annals of Geophysics, vol 47, No 1, 2004, pp. 21-28.
[17] F. Vallianatos, D. Triantis, A. Tzanis, C. Anastasiadis, I. Stavrakas, Electric Earthquake Precursors: From Laboratory Results to Field Observations, Phys. Chem. Earth, 29, 2004, pp. 339-351.
[18] D. Finkelstein, R.D. Hill and J.R. Powell, The piezoelectric theory of earthquake lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 1973, pp. 992-993.
[19] D.A. Lockner, M.J.S. Johnson., and J.D. Byerlee, A mechanism to explain the generation of earthquake lights, Nature, 302, 1983, pp. 28-33.
[20] U. Nitsan, Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 1977, pp. 333-337.
[21] S. Yoshida, M. Uyeshima and M. Nakatani, Electric potential changes associated with a slip failure of granite : Preseismic and coseismic signals, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1997, pp. 14883-14897.
[22] H. Mizutani, T. Ishido, T. Yokokura and S. Ohnishi, Electrokinetic phenomena associated with earthquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 1976, pp. 365-368.
[23] L. Jouniaux and J.P. Pozzi, Permeability dependencs of streaming potential in rocks for various fluid conductivities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1995, pp.485-488.
[24] R.W. Whitworth, Charged dislocations in ionic crystals, Advances in Physics, 24, 1975, pp. 203-304.
[25] L. Slifkin, Seismic electric signals from displacement of charged dislocations. Tectonophysics, 224, 1993, pp. 149-152.
[26] F. Vallianatos and A. Tzanis, A model for the generation of precursory electric and magnetic fields associated with the deformation rate of the earthquake focus, in M. Hayakawa (ed.), Atmospheric and Ionospheric electromagnetic phenomena associated with Earthquakes, Terra Scientific Publishing Co, 287-305, 1999a.
[27] F. Vallianatos, and A. Tzanis, On possible scaling laws between Electric Earthquake Precursors (EEP) and Earthquake Magnitude, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 13, 1999b, pp. 2013-2016.
[28] Z. Agioutantis, Elements of Geomechanics - Rock Mechanics, Ion Publishing, in Greek., 2002
[29] Nardi A., Caputo M.; 2006, A perspective electric earthquake precursor observed in the Apennines, Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Vol. 47, n. 1-2, pp. 3-12; March – June 2006.
[30] Nardi A., Caputo M. and Chiarabba C.; 2007, Possible electromagnetic earthquake precursors in two years of ELF-VLF monitoring in the atmosphere, Vol. 48, n. 2, pp. 205-212; June 2007.
[31] Nardi A. (2001), Emissioni elettromagnetiche in rocce sottoposte a sollecitazione meccanica. Un possibile precursore sismico? – Master Thesis, University of Rome "La Sapienza".
[32] Nardi A. (2005): Emissioni elettro-magnetiche naturali come precursori di fenomeni sismici, PHD thesis, University of Rome "La Sapienza"
[2] M. Hayakawa and Y. Fujinawa, (Editors), Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction, Terra Scientific Publishing, Company, Tokyo, 1994.
[3] M. Hayakawa and O.A. Molchanov (Editors), Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 2002.
[4] D.A. Fiffolt, V.F. Petrenko,. and E.M.. Schulson, Preliminary study of electromagnetic emissions from cracks in ice, Philosophical Magazine B, 67, 1993, pp. 289.
[5] S.G. O'Keefe and D.V. Thiel, A mechanism for the production of electromagnetic radiation during fracture of Brittle materials, Phys. Earth Plane. Inter., 89, 1995, pp. 127-135.
[6] V. Frid, A. Rabinovitch and D. Bahat, Fracture induced electromagnetic radiation, Journal of physics D: applied physics, 36, 2003, 1620-1628.
[7] G.O. Cress, B.T., Brady, and G.A. Rowell, Sources of electromagnetic radiation from fracture of rock samples in laboratory, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 1987, pp. 331.
[8] J.W. Warwick, C. Stoker and T.R. Meyer, Radio emission associated with rock fracture : Possible application to the great Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1982, pp. 2851.
[9] T. Ogawa, K. Oike, and T. Miura, Electromagnetic radiation from rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1985, pp. 6245.
[10] S. Yoshida, M. Uyeshima, and M. Nakatani, Electric potential changes associated with a slip failure of granite : Preseismic and coseismic signals, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1997, 14883.
[11] V. Hadjicontis and C. Mavromatou, Transient electric signals prior to rock failure under uniaxial compression, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1994, pp. 1687.
[12] V. Hadjicontis and C. Mavromatou, Laboratory investigation of electric signals preceding earthquakes, in Sir J. Lighthill (ed.), A critical review of VAN, World Scientific, Singapore, 1996, pp. 105-117.
[13] C. Mavromatou and V. Hadjicontis, Laboratory investigation of transient electric signals detected by VAN network in Greece, Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction, Edited by M.Havakawa and Y.Fujinawa, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, Tokyo, 1994, pp 293-305.
[14] I. Stavrakas, D. Triantis, Z. Agioutantis, S. Maurigiannakis, V. Saltas, F. Vallianatos, and M. Clarke, Pressure stimulated currents in rocks and their correlation with mechanical properties, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 2004, pp. 563–567.
[15] Ι. Stavrakas, C. Anastasiadis, D. Triantis and F. Vallianatos, Piezo Stimulated currents in marble samples: Precursory and concurrent – with – failure signals, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 2003, pp. 243-247.
[16] C. Anastasiadis, D. Triantis, I. Stavrakas, F. Vallianatos, Pressure stimulated currents (PSC) in marble samples after the application of various stress modes before fracture, Annals of Geophysics, vol 47, No 1, 2004, pp. 21-28.
[17] F. Vallianatos, D. Triantis, A. Tzanis, C. Anastasiadis, I. Stavrakas, Electric Earthquake Precursors: From Laboratory Results to Field Observations, Phys. Chem. Earth, 29, 2004, pp. 339-351.
[18] D. Finkelstein, R.D. Hill and J.R. Powell, The piezoelectric theory of earthquake lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 1973, pp. 992-993.
[19] D.A. Lockner, M.J.S. Johnson., and J.D. Byerlee, A mechanism to explain the generation of earthquake lights, Nature, 302, 1983, pp. 28-33.
[20] U. Nitsan, Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 1977, pp. 333-337.
[21] S. Yoshida, M. Uyeshima and M. Nakatani, Electric potential changes associated with a slip failure of granite : Preseismic and coseismic signals, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1997, pp. 14883-14897.
[22] H. Mizutani, T. Ishido, T. Yokokura and S. Ohnishi, Electrokinetic phenomena associated with earthquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 1976, pp. 365-368.
[23] L. Jouniaux and J.P. Pozzi, Permeability dependencs of streaming potential in rocks for various fluid conductivities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1995, pp.485-488.
[24] R.W. Whitworth, Charged dislocations in ionic crystals, Advances in Physics, 24, 1975, pp. 203-304.
[25] L. Slifkin, Seismic electric signals from displacement of charged dislocations. Tectonophysics, 224, 1993, pp. 149-152.
[26] F. Vallianatos and A. Tzanis, A model for the generation of precursory electric and magnetic fields associated with the deformation rate of the earthquake focus, in M. Hayakawa (ed.), Atmospheric and Ionospheric electromagnetic phenomena associated with Earthquakes, Terra Scientific Publishing Co, 287-305, 1999a.
[27] F. Vallianatos, and A. Tzanis, On possible scaling laws between Electric Earthquake Precursors (EEP) and Earthquake Magnitude, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 13, 1999b, pp. 2013-2016.
[28] Z. Agioutantis, Elements of Geomechanics - Rock Mechanics, Ion Publishing, in Greek., 2002
[29] Nardi A., Caputo M.; 2006, A perspective electric earthquake precursor observed in the Apennines, Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Vol. 47, n. 1-2, pp. 3-12; March – June 2006.
[30] Nardi A., Caputo M. and Chiarabba C.; 2007, Possible electromagnetic earthquake precursors in two years of ELF-VLF monitoring in the atmosphere, Vol. 48, n. 2, pp. 205-212; June 2007.
[31] Nardi A. (2001), Emissioni elettromagnetiche in rocce sottoposte a sollecitazione meccanica. Un possibile precursore sismico? – Master Thesis, University of Rome "La Sapienza".
[32] Nardi A. (2005): Emissioni elettro-magnetiche naturali come precursori di fenomeni sismici, PHD thesis, University of Rome "La Sapienza"
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