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A late Cretaceous contamination episode of the European–Mediterranean mantle
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
1-2 / 268 (2008)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
15–27
Issued date
January 10, 2008
Alternative Location
Abstract
One of the most challenging issues about the Tertiary–Quaternary alkaline magmatism spreading across the Euro-Mediterranean region is the
assessment of both the nature of its mantle source and the mechanism responsible for the common HIMU-like (High μ=high 238U/204Pb)
character of erupted lavas, enduring over about 100 million years in diverse tectonic environments. In this paper we try to reconcile geochemical
and geophysical data through a multidisciplinary investigation on geochemistry, timing and locations of the main Na-rich alkaline volcanic
centers, seismic tomographic images and plate kinematics. We propose that the common component of the Euro-Mediterranean mantle derives
from a contamination episode triggered by the rise of the Central Atlantic Plume (CAP) head. Plate reconstruction shows that at late Cretaceous-
Paleocene time the oldest magmatic centers of the Euro-Mediterranean region were located more than 2000 km SW of their present day position,
in proximity of the CAP hot spot location, where seismic tomography detects a broad low seismic velocity region in the lower mantle. The northeastward
migration of the Eurasian and African plates could have involved also part of the CAP contaminated mantle, which moved in the same
direction being coupled to the lithospheric plates, thus explaining the presence of geochemically-uniform material spread in the sub-lithospheric
Euro-Mediterranean mantle. During the Tertiary, regional-scale convection and related processes such as rifting, back-arc spreading, slab
detachment/windows, may have favored upwelling and partial melting of the frayed plume head material via adiabatic decompression, shaping the
spatial and temporal distribution of HIMU-like volcanics. The growing supply of subducted lithosphere may explain as well the increase of crustal
isotopic signatures of alkaline magmas with time. In our opinion, the Euro-Mediterranean upper mantle contamination can be eventually related to
a global event occurred during the Cretaceous as a consequence of a mantle avalanche caused by the Tethys closure.
assessment of both the nature of its mantle source and the mechanism responsible for the common HIMU-like (High μ=high 238U/204Pb)
character of erupted lavas, enduring over about 100 million years in diverse tectonic environments. In this paper we try to reconcile geochemical
and geophysical data through a multidisciplinary investigation on geochemistry, timing and locations of the main Na-rich alkaline volcanic
centers, seismic tomographic images and plate kinematics. We propose that the common component of the Euro-Mediterranean mantle derives
from a contamination episode triggered by the rise of the Central Atlantic Plume (CAP) head. Plate reconstruction shows that at late Cretaceous-
Paleocene time the oldest magmatic centers of the Euro-Mediterranean region were located more than 2000 km SW of their present day position,
in proximity of the CAP hot spot location, where seismic tomography detects a broad low seismic velocity region in the lower mantle. The northeastward
migration of the Eurasian and African plates could have involved also part of the CAP contaminated mantle, which moved in the same
direction being coupled to the lithospheric plates, thus explaining the presence of geochemically-uniform material spread in the sub-lithospheric
Euro-Mediterranean mantle. During the Tertiary, regional-scale convection and related processes such as rifting, back-arc spreading, slab
detachment/windows, may have favored upwelling and partial melting of the frayed plume head material via adiabatic decompression, shaping the
spatial and temporal distribution of HIMU-like volcanics. The growing supply of subducted lithosphere may explain as well the increase of crustal
isotopic signatures of alkaline magmas with time. In our opinion, the Euro-Mediterranean upper mantle contamination can be eventually related to
a global event occurred during the Cretaceous as a consequence of a mantle avalanche caused by the Tethys closure.
Sponsors
MIUR 2005-2007, prot. n. 2005055415_002, Poli G.
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mantle plume below Italy? EOS 85, 541–547.
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models and seismic images. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 8, Q10006.
doi:10.1029/2007GC001733.
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mantle source for Southern Italy volcanics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 259,
227–238. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04.001.
Carminati, E.,Wortel, M.J.R., Spakman,W., Sabadini, R., 1998. The role of slab
detachment processes in the opening of the western-central Mediterranean
basins: some geological and geophysical evidence. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
160, 651–665.
Cebria, J.M., Lopez-Ruiz, J., 1995. Alkali basalts and leucitites in an extensional
intracontinental plate setting: the late Cenozoic Calatrava Volcanic Province
(central Spain). Lithos 35, 27–46.
Cebria, J.M., Wilson, M., 1995. Cenozoic mafic magmatism in Western/Central
Europe: a common European astenospheric reservoir. Terra Nova 7, 162
abstract Suppl.
Cebria, J.M., Lopez-Ruiz, J., Doblas, M., Oyarzun, R., Hertogen, J., Benito, R.,
2000. Geochemistry of the Quaternary alkali basalts of Garrotxa (NE
Volcanic Province, Spain): a case of double enrichment of the mantle
lithosphere. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 102, 217–235.
Cebria, J.M., Lopez-Ruiz, J.,Wilson, M., 2006. Towards a coherent geodynamic
model for Cenozoic European volcanism, paper presented at 1st Plume
Workshop. Mt St. Odile, France. 3-6th July.
Conrad, C.P., Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., 2002. How mantle slabs drive plate
tectonics. Science 298, 207–209.
Conrad, C.P., Gurnis, M., 2003. Seismic tomography, surface uplift, and the
breakup of Gondwanaland: integrating mantle convection backwards in time.
Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 4 (3), 1031. doi:10.1029/2001GC000299.
Corti, G., Bonini, M., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P., Piccardo, G.B., Ranalli, G.,
2007. Experimental models of extension of continental lithosphere
weakened by percolation of asthenospheric melts. J. Geodyn. 43, 465–483.
Coulon, C., Megartsi, M., Fourcade, S., Maury, R.C., Bellon, H., Louni-Hacini,
A., Cotten, J., Coutelle, A., Hermitte, D., 2002. Post-collisional transition
from calc-alkaline to alcaline volcanism during the Neogene in Oranie
(Algeria): magmatic expression of a slab breakoff. Lithos 62, 87–110.
Courtillot, V., Davaille, A., Besse, J., Stock, J., 2003. Three distinct types of
hotspots in the Earth's mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 205, 295–308.
Dal Piaz, G.V., Venturelli, G., 1983. Brevi riflessioni sul magmatismo postofiolitico
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