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Surface deformation of Long Valley caldera and Mono Basin, California investigated with the SBAS-InSAR approach
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
3.2. Tettonica attiva
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/108 (2007)
Publisher
elsevier
Pages (printed)
277–289
Issued date
2007
Abstract
We investigate the surface deformation of the eastern California area that includes Long Valley caldera and Mono Basin. We apply the SAR
Interferometry (InSAR) algorithm referred to as Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) approach that allows us to generate mean deformation velocity
maps and displacement time series for the investigated area. The results presented in this work represent an advancement of previous InSAR
studies of the area that are mostly focused on the deformation affecting the caldera. In particular, the proposed analysis is based on 21 SAR data
acquired by the ERS-1/2 sensors during the 1992–2000 time interval, and demonstrates the capability of the SBAS procedure to identify and
analyze displacement patterns at different spatial scales for the overall area spanning approximately 5000 km2. Two previously unreported
localized deformation effects have been detected at Paoha Island, located within the Mono Lake, and in the McGee Creek area within the Sierra
Nevada mountains, a zone to the south of the Long Valley caldera. In addition a spatially extended uplift effect, which strongly affects the caldera,
has been identified and analyzed in detail. The InSAR results clearly show that the displacement phenomena affecting the Long Valley caldera
have a maximum in correspondence of the resurgent dome and are characterized by the sequence of three different effects: a 1992–1997 uplift
background, a 1997–1998 unrest phenomenon and a 1998–2000 subsidence phase. Moreover, the analysis of the retrieved displacement time
series allows us to map the extent of the zone with a temporal deformation behavior highly correlated with the detected three-phases deformation
pattern: background uplift-unrest-subsidence. We show that the mapped area clearly extends outside the northern part of the caldera slopes;
accordingly, we suggest that future inversion models take this new evidence into account. The final discussion is dedicated to a comparison
between the retrieved InSAR measurements and a set of GPS and leveling data, confirming the validity of the results achieved through the SBASInSAR
analysis.
Interferometry (InSAR) algorithm referred to as Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) approach that allows us to generate mean deformation velocity
maps and displacement time series for the investigated area. The results presented in this work represent an advancement of previous InSAR
studies of the area that are mostly focused on the deformation affecting the caldera. In particular, the proposed analysis is based on 21 SAR data
acquired by the ERS-1/2 sensors during the 1992–2000 time interval, and demonstrates the capability of the SBAS procedure to identify and
analyze displacement patterns at different spatial scales for the overall area spanning approximately 5000 km2. Two previously unreported
localized deformation effects have been detected at Paoha Island, located within the Mono Lake, and in the McGee Creek area within the Sierra
Nevada mountains, a zone to the south of the Long Valley caldera. In addition a spatially extended uplift effect, which strongly affects the caldera,
has been identified and analyzed in detail. The InSAR results clearly show that the displacement phenomena affecting the Long Valley caldera
have a maximum in correspondence of the resurgent dome and are characterized by the sequence of three different effects: a 1992–1997 uplift
background, a 1997–1998 unrest phenomenon and a 1998–2000 subsidence phase. Moreover, the analysis of the retrieved displacement time
series allows us to map the extent of the zone with a temporal deformation behavior highly correlated with the detected three-phases deformation
pattern: background uplift-unrest-subsidence. We show that the mapped area clearly extends outside the northern part of the caldera slopes;
accordingly, we suggest that future inversion models take this new evidence into account. The final discussion is dedicated to a comparison
between the retrieved InSAR measurements and a set of GPS and leveling data, confirming the validity of the results achieved through the SBASInSAR
analysis.
References
Bailey, R. A. (1989). Geologic map of Long Valley caldera, Mono-Inyo craters
volcanic chain, and vicinity, Eastern California, to accompany map I-1993.
Department of Interior USGS.
Bailey, R. A. (2004). Eruptive history and chemical evolution of the precaldera
and postcaldera basalt-dacite sequences, Long Valley, California: Implications
for magma sources, current magmatic unrest, and future volcanism.
United States Geological Survey Professional Paper (pp. 1692).
Battaglia, M., Roberts, C., & Segall, P. (1999, September 24). Magma intrusion
beneath Long Valley caldera confirmed by temporal changes in gravity.
Science, 285.
Battaglia, M., Segall, P., Murray, J., Cervelli, P., & Langbein, J. (2003a). The
mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California: 1. Modeling the
geometry of the source using GPS, leveling and two-color EDM data.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 195−217.
Battaglia, M., Segall, P., & Roberts, C. (2003b). The mechanics of unrest at
Long Valley caldera, California. 2. Constraining the nature of the source
using geodetic and micro-gravity data. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 219−245.
Battaglia, M., Williams, M. J., Venezky, D. Y., Hill, D. P., Langbein, J. O.,
Farrar, C. D., Howle, J. F., Sneed, M., & Segall, P. (2003). The Long Valley
Caldera GIS Database. Available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-81/
Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R., & Sansosti, E. (2002). A new algorithm for
surface deformation monitoring based on Small Baseline Differential SAR
Interferograms. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,
40(11), 2375−2383.
Borgia, A., Tizzani, P., Solaro, G., Manzo, M., Casu, F., Luongo, G., Pepe, A.,
Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Sansosti, E., Ricciardi, G. P., Fusi, N., Di Donna,
G., & Lanari, R. (2005). Volcanic spreading of Vesuvius, a new paradigm for
interpreting its volcanic activity. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L03303.
doi:10.1029/2004GL022155
Bursik, M., & Sieh, K. (1989). Range-front faulting and volcanism in the Mono
Basin, Eastern California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94,
15587−15609.
288 P. Tizzani et al. / Remote Sensing of Environment 108 (2007) 277–289
Author's personal copy
Casu, F., Manzo, M., & Lanari, R. (2006). A quantitative assessment of the
SBAS algorithm performance for surface deformation retrieval from
DInSAR data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 102, 195−210.
doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.023
Costantini, M., & Rosen, P. A. (1999). A generalized phase unwrapping
approach for sparse data. IGARSS'99 Proceedings, June 1999, Hamburg,
Germany (pp. 267−269).
Delaunay, B. (1934). Sur la sphere vide. Bulletin of Academy of Sciences of the
USSR (pp. 793−800).
Desnos, Y. L., Laur, H., Lim, P., Meisl, P., & Gach, T. (1999). The ENVISAT-1
advanced synthetic aperture radar processor and data products. IGARSS'99
Proceedings, June 1999, Hamburg, Germany (pp. 1683−1685).
Ferretti, A., Prati, C., & Rocca, F. (2000). Non-linear subsidence rate estimation
using Permanent Scatterers in Differential SAR Interferometry. IEEE
Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 38(5), 2202−2212.
Fialko, Y., Simons, M., & Khazan, Y. (2001). Finite source modelling of
magmatic unrest in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California.
Geophysical Journal International, 146(1), 191−200.
Gabriel, A. K., Goldstein, R. M., & Zebker, H. A. (1989). Mapping small
elevation changes over large areas: Differential interferometry. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 94, 9183−9191.
Goldstein, R. M. (1995). Atmospheric limitations to repeat-track radar
interferometry. Geophysical Research Letter, 22, 2517−2520.
Hanssen, R. (2001). Radar Interferometry. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Hildreth, W. (2004). Volcanological perspectives on Long Valley, Mammoth
Mountain, and Mono Craters: Several contiguous but discrete systems.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 136, 169−198.
Hill, D. P., Johnston, M. J. S., Langbein, J. O., McNutt, S. R., Miller, C. D.,
Mortensen, C. E., Pitt, A., & Rojstaczer, S. (1991). Response plans for
volcanic hazards in the Long Valley caldera and Mono Craters area,
California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report (pp. 91−270). U.S.
Government Printing Office.
Hill, D. P., Langbein, J. O., & Prejean, S. (2003). Relations between seismicity
and deformation during unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, from 1995
through 1999. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 127(3–4),
175−193.
Hill, D. P., & Prejean, S. (2005). Magmatic unrest beneath Mammoth Mountain,
California. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 146(4),
257−283.
Hooper, A., Zebker, H., Segall, P., & Kampes, B. (2004). A new method for
measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR
persistent scatterers. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L23611.
doi:10.1029/2004GL0217372
Howle, J. F., Langbein, J. O., Farrar, C. D., & Wilkinson, S. K. (2003).
Deformation near the Casa Diablo geothermal well field and related
processes Long Valley caldera, Eastern California, 1993–2000. Journal of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 365−390.
IREA, http://www.irea.cnr.it/webgis/terra.html
Langbein, J. O. (2003). Deformation of the Long Valley Caldera, California:
inferences from measurements from 1988 to 2001. Journal of Volcanology
and Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 247−267.
Langbein, J. O., Dzurisin, D., Marshall, G., Stein, R., & Rundle, J. (1995).
Shallow and peripheral volcanic sources of inflation revealed by modeling
two-color geodimeter and leveling data from Long Valley caldera,
California, 1988–1992. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100,
12487−12495.
Langbein, J. O., Hill, D. P., Parker, T. N., &Wilkinson, S. K. (1993). An episode
of re-inflation of the Long Valley caldera, eastern California, 1989–1991.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 15851−15870.
Lundgren, P., Casu, F., Manzo, M., Pepe, A., Berardino, P., Sansosti, E., &
Lanari, R. (2004). Gravity and magma induced spreading of Mount Etna
volcano revealed by satellite radar interferometry. Geophysical Research
Letters, 31, L04602. doi:10.1029/2003GL018736
Manzo, M., Ricciardi, G. P., Casu, F., Ventura, G., Zeni, G., Borgström, S.,
Berardino, P., Del Gaudio, C., & Lanari, R. (2006). Surface deformation
analysis in the Ischia Island (Italy) based on spaceborne radar interferometry.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 151, 399−416.
Massonnet, D., Rossi, M., Carmona, C., Adragna, F., Peltzer, G., Feigl, K., &
Rabaute, T. (1993). The displacement field of the Landers earthquake
mapped by radar interferometry. Nature, 364, 138−142.
Newman, A. V., Dixon, T. H., & Gourmelen, N. (2006). A four-dimensional
viscoelastic deformation model for Long Valley Caldera, California,
between 1995 and 2000. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,
150(1–3), 244−269.
Peltzer, G., & Rosen, P. A. (1995). Surface displacement of the 17 May 1993
Eureka Valley, California, earthquake observed by SAR interferometry.
Science, 268, 1333−1336.
Rosen, P. A., Hensley, S., Gurrola, E., Rogez, F., Chan, S., & Martin, J. (2001).
SRTMC-band topographic data quality assessment and calibration activities.
IGARSS'01 Proceedings, July 2001, Sydney, Australia (pp. 739−741).
Rosen, P. A., Hensley, S., Joughin, I. R., Li, F. K., Madsen, S. N., Rodriguez, E.,
& Goldstein, R. (2000). Synthetic aperture radar interferometry. IEEE
Proceedings, 88, 333−376.
Sorey, M. L., Mc Connell, V. S., & Roeloffs, E. (2003). Summary of recent
research in Long Valley caldera, California. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 165−173.
Stanton, J. M. (2001). Galton, Pearson, and the Peas: a brief history of linear
regression for statistics instructors. Journal of Statistics Education, 9(3).
Stine, S. W. (1984). Late Holocene lake level fluctuations and island volcanism
at Mono Lake, California. Geological guide to Aspen Valley, Mono Lake,
Mono Craters, and Inyo Craters (pp. 21−49). Palo Alto, CA Genny Smith
Books.
Thatcher, W., & Massonnet, D. (1997). Crustal deformation at Long Valley
Caldera, eastern California, 1992–1996, inferred from satellite radar
interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 2519−2522.
USGS, http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/deformation/gps/auto/LongValley
Werner, C., Wegmuller, U., Strozzi, T., & Wiesmann, A. (2003). Interferometric
point target analysis for deformation mapping. IGARSS ‘03 Proceedings, 7,
July 2003, Toulouse, France (pp. 4362−4364).
Xu, W., & Cumming, I. (1999). A region-growing algorithm for InSAR phase
unwrapping. IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 37(1),
124−134.
Zebker, H. A., & Villasenor, J. (1992). Decorrelation in interferometric radar
echoes. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 30,
950−959.
volcanic chain, and vicinity, Eastern California, to accompany map I-1993.
Department of Interior USGS.
Bailey, R. A. (2004). Eruptive history and chemical evolution of the precaldera
and postcaldera basalt-dacite sequences, Long Valley, California: Implications
for magma sources, current magmatic unrest, and future volcanism.
United States Geological Survey Professional Paper (pp. 1692).
Battaglia, M., Roberts, C., & Segall, P. (1999, September 24). Magma intrusion
beneath Long Valley caldera confirmed by temporal changes in gravity.
Science, 285.
Battaglia, M., Segall, P., Murray, J., Cervelli, P., & Langbein, J. (2003a). The
mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California: 1. Modeling the
geometry of the source using GPS, leveling and two-color EDM data.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 195−217.
Battaglia, M., Segall, P., & Roberts, C. (2003b). The mechanics of unrest at
Long Valley caldera, California. 2. Constraining the nature of the source
using geodetic and micro-gravity data. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 219−245.
Battaglia, M., Williams, M. J., Venezky, D. Y., Hill, D. P., Langbein, J. O.,
Farrar, C. D., Howle, J. F., Sneed, M., & Segall, P. (2003). The Long Valley
Caldera GIS Database. Available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-81/
Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R., & Sansosti, E. (2002). A new algorithm for
surface deformation monitoring based on Small Baseline Differential SAR
Interferograms. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,
40(11), 2375−2383.
Borgia, A., Tizzani, P., Solaro, G., Manzo, M., Casu, F., Luongo, G., Pepe, A.,
Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Sansosti, E., Ricciardi, G. P., Fusi, N., Di Donna,
G., & Lanari, R. (2005). Volcanic spreading of Vesuvius, a new paradigm for
interpreting its volcanic activity. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L03303.
doi:10.1029/2004GL022155
Bursik, M., & Sieh, K. (1989). Range-front faulting and volcanism in the Mono
Basin, Eastern California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94,
15587−15609.
288 P. Tizzani et al. / Remote Sensing of Environment 108 (2007) 277–289
Author's personal copy
Casu, F., Manzo, M., & Lanari, R. (2006). A quantitative assessment of the
SBAS algorithm performance for surface deformation retrieval from
DInSAR data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 102, 195−210.
doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.023
Costantini, M., & Rosen, P. A. (1999). A generalized phase unwrapping
approach for sparse data. IGARSS'99 Proceedings, June 1999, Hamburg,
Germany (pp. 267−269).
Delaunay, B. (1934). Sur la sphere vide. Bulletin of Academy of Sciences of the
USSR (pp. 793−800).
Desnos, Y. L., Laur, H., Lim, P., Meisl, P., & Gach, T. (1999). The ENVISAT-1
advanced synthetic aperture radar processor and data products. IGARSS'99
Proceedings, June 1999, Hamburg, Germany (pp. 1683−1685).
Ferretti, A., Prati, C., & Rocca, F. (2000). Non-linear subsidence rate estimation
using Permanent Scatterers in Differential SAR Interferometry. IEEE
Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 38(5), 2202−2212.
Fialko, Y., Simons, M., & Khazan, Y. (2001). Finite source modelling of
magmatic unrest in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California.
Geophysical Journal International, 146(1), 191−200.
Gabriel, A. K., Goldstein, R. M., & Zebker, H. A. (1989). Mapping small
elevation changes over large areas: Differential interferometry. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 94, 9183−9191.
Goldstein, R. M. (1995). Atmospheric limitations to repeat-track radar
interferometry. Geophysical Research Letter, 22, 2517−2520.
Hanssen, R. (2001). Radar Interferometry. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Hildreth, W. (2004). Volcanological perspectives on Long Valley, Mammoth
Mountain, and Mono Craters: Several contiguous but discrete systems.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 136, 169−198.
Hill, D. P., Johnston, M. J. S., Langbein, J. O., McNutt, S. R., Miller, C. D.,
Mortensen, C. E., Pitt, A., & Rojstaczer, S. (1991). Response plans for
volcanic hazards in the Long Valley caldera and Mono Craters area,
California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report (pp. 91−270). U.S.
Government Printing Office.
Hill, D. P., Langbein, J. O., & Prejean, S. (2003). Relations between seismicity
and deformation during unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, from 1995
through 1999. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 127(3–4),
175−193.
Hill, D. P., & Prejean, S. (2005). Magmatic unrest beneath Mammoth Mountain,
California. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 146(4),
257−283.
Hooper, A., Zebker, H., Segall, P., & Kampes, B. (2004). A new method for
measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR
persistent scatterers. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L23611.
doi:10.1029/2004GL0217372
Howle, J. F., Langbein, J. O., Farrar, C. D., & Wilkinson, S. K. (2003).
Deformation near the Casa Diablo geothermal well field and related
processes Long Valley caldera, Eastern California, 1993–2000. Journal of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 365−390.
IREA, http://www.irea.cnr.it/webgis/terra.html
Langbein, J. O. (2003). Deformation of the Long Valley Caldera, California:
inferences from measurements from 1988 to 2001. Journal of Volcanology
and Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 247−267.
Langbein, J. O., Dzurisin, D., Marshall, G., Stein, R., & Rundle, J. (1995).
Shallow and peripheral volcanic sources of inflation revealed by modeling
two-color geodimeter and leveling data from Long Valley caldera,
California, 1988–1992. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100,
12487−12495.
Langbein, J. O., Hill, D. P., Parker, T. N., &Wilkinson, S. K. (1993). An episode
of re-inflation of the Long Valley caldera, eastern California, 1989–1991.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 15851−15870.
Lundgren, P., Casu, F., Manzo, M., Pepe, A., Berardino, P., Sansosti, E., &
Lanari, R. (2004). Gravity and magma induced spreading of Mount Etna
volcano revealed by satellite radar interferometry. Geophysical Research
Letters, 31, L04602. doi:10.1029/2003GL018736
Manzo, M., Ricciardi, G. P., Casu, F., Ventura, G., Zeni, G., Borgström, S.,
Berardino, P., Del Gaudio, C., & Lanari, R. (2006). Surface deformation
analysis in the Ischia Island (Italy) based on spaceborne radar interferometry.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 151, 399−416.
Massonnet, D., Rossi, M., Carmona, C., Adragna, F., Peltzer, G., Feigl, K., &
Rabaute, T. (1993). The displacement field of the Landers earthquake
mapped by radar interferometry. Nature, 364, 138−142.
Newman, A. V., Dixon, T. H., & Gourmelen, N. (2006). A four-dimensional
viscoelastic deformation model for Long Valley Caldera, California,
between 1995 and 2000. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,
150(1–3), 244−269.
Peltzer, G., & Rosen, P. A. (1995). Surface displacement of the 17 May 1993
Eureka Valley, California, earthquake observed by SAR interferometry.
Science, 268, 1333−1336.
Rosen, P. A., Hensley, S., Gurrola, E., Rogez, F., Chan, S., & Martin, J. (2001).
SRTMC-band topographic data quality assessment and calibration activities.
IGARSS'01 Proceedings, July 2001, Sydney, Australia (pp. 739−741).
Rosen, P. A., Hensley, S., Joughin, I. R., Li, F. K., Madsen, S. N., Rodriguez, E.,
& Goldstein, R. (2000). Synthetic aperture radar interferometry. IEEE
Proceedings, 88, 333−376.
Sorey, M. L., Mc Connell, V. S., & Roeloffs, E. (2003). Summary of recent
research in Long Valley caldera, California. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research, 127(3–4), 165−173.
Stanton, J. M. (2001). Galton, Pearson, and the Peas: a brief history of linear
regression for statistics instructors. Journal of Statistics Education, 9(3).
Stine, S. W. (1984). Late Holocene lake level fluctuations and island volcanism
at Mono Lake, California. Geological guide to Aspen Valley, Mono Lake,
Mono Craters, and Inyo Craters (pp. 21−49). Palo Alto, CA Genny Smith
Books.
Thatcher, W., & Massonnet, D. (1997). Crustal deformation at Long Valley
Caldera, eastern California, 1992–1996, inferred from satellite radar
interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 2519−2522.
USGS, http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/deformation/gps/auto/LongValley
Werner, C., Wegmuller, U., Strozzi, T., & Wiesmann, A. (2003). Interferometric
point target analysis for deformation mapping. IGARSS ‘03 Proceedings, 7,
July 2003, Toulouse, France (pp. 4362−4364).
Xu, W., & Cumming, I. (1999). A region-growing algorithm for InSAR phase
unwrapping. IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 37(1),
124−134.
Zebker, H. A., & Villasenor, J. (1992). Decorrelation in interferometric radar
echoes. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 30,
950−959.
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