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Propagation of dikes at Vesuvio (Italy) and the effect of Mt. Somma
Author(s)
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/33 (2006)
Publisher
AGU
Pages (printed)
L08301
Issued date
2006
Keywords
Abstract
Dikes provide crucial information on how magma
propagates within volcanoes. Somma-Vesuvio (Italy)
consists of the active Vesuvio cone, partly bordered by the
older Mt. Somma edifice. Historical chronicles on the
fissure eruptions in 1694–1944 are matched with an
analytical solution to define the propagation path of the
related dikes and to study any control of the Mt. Somma
relief. The fissures always consisted of the downslope
migration of vents from an open summit conduit, indicating
lateral propagation as the predominant mechanism for
shallow dike emplacement. No fissure emplaced beyond
Mt. Somma, suggesting that its buttressing hinders the
propagation of the radial dikes. An analytical solution is
defined to describe the mechanism of formation of the
laterally propagating dikes and to evaluate the effect of
topography. The application to Somma-Vesuvio suggests
that, under ordinary excess magmatic pressures, the dikes
should not propagate laterally at depths >240–480 m below
the surface, as the increased lithostatic pressure requires
magmatic pressures higher than average. This implies that,
when the conduit is open, the lateral emplacement of dikes
is expectable on the S, Wand E slopes. The lack of fissures
N of Mt. Somma is explained by its buttressing, which
hinders dike propagation. Citation: Acocella, V., M. Porreca,
M. Neri, E. Massimi, and M. Mattei (2006), Propagation of dikes
at Vesuvio (Italy) and the effect of Mt. Somma, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 33, L08301, doi:10.1029/2005GL025590.
propagates within volcanoes. Somma-Vesuvio (Italy)
consists of the active Vesuvio cone, partly bordered by the
older Mt. Somma edifice. Historical chronicles on the
fissure eruptions in 1694–1944 are matched with an
analytical solution to define the propagation path of the
related dikes and to study any control of the Mt. Somma
relief. The fissures always consisted of the downslope
migration of vents from an open summit conduit, indicating
lateral propagation as the predominant mechanism for
shallow dike emplacement. No fissure emplaced beyond
Mt. Somma, suggesting that its buttressing hinders the
propagation of the radial dikes. An analytical solution is
defined to describe the mechanism of formation of the
laterally propagating dikes and to evaluate the effect of
topography. The application to Somma-Vesuvio suggests
that, under ordinary excess magmatic pressures, the dikes
should not propagate laterally at depths >240–480 m below
the surface, as the increased lithostatic pressure requires
magmatic pressures higher than average. This implies that,
when the conduit is open, the lateral emplacement of dikes
is expectable on the S, Wand E slopes. The lack of fissures
N of Mt. Somma is explained by its buttressing, which
hinders dike propagation. Citation: Acocella, V., M. Porreca,
M. Neri, E. Massimi, and M. Mattei (2006), Propagation of dikes
at Vesuvio (Italy) and the effect of Mt. Somma, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 33, L08301, doi:10.1029/2005GL025590.
References
Acocella, V., and M. Neri (2003), What makes flank eruptions? The
2001 Mount Etna eruption and its possible triggering mechanisms, Bull.
Volcanol., 65, 517– 529.
Bousquet, J. C., and G. Lanzafame (2001), Nouvelle interpre´tation des
fractures des e´ruptions late´rales de l’Etna: Conse´quences pour son cadre
tectonique, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 172, 455– 467.
Chadwick, W. W., and J. H. Dieterich (1995), Mechanical modeling of
circumferential and radial dike intrusion on Galapagos volcanoes,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 66, 37– 52.
Cioni, R., R. Santacroce, and A. Sbrana (1999), Pyroclastic deposits as a
guide for reconstructing the multi-stage evolution of the Somma-
Vesuvius caldera, Bull. Volcanol., 60, 207– 222.
Cortini, M., and R. Scandone (1982), The feeding system of Vesuvius
between 1754 and 1944, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 12, 393–400.
Fiske, R. S., and E. D. Jackson (1972), Orientation and growth of Hawaiian
volcanic rifts, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 329, 299– 326.
Gasparini, P., and S. Musella (1991), Un Viaggio al Vesuvio, Liguori Ed.,
307 pp., Naples.
Gudmundsson, A. (2002), Emplacement and arrest of sheets and dikes in
central volcanoes, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 116, 279– 298.
Krassilnikov, A. S., and J. W. Head (2003), Novae on Venus: Geology,
classification, and evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 108(E9), 5108,
doi:10.1029/2002JE001983.
McGuire, W. J., and A. D. Pullen (1989), Location and orientation of
eruptive fissures and feeder-dykes at Mount Etna: Influence of gravitational
and regional stress regimes, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 38, 325–
344.
Pinel, V., and C. Jaupart (2003), Magma chamber behavior beneath a
volcanic edifice, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B2), 2072, doi:10.1029/
2002JB001751.
Pinel, V., and C. Jaupart (2004), Magma storage and horizontal dike injection
beneath a volcanic edifice, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 245– 262.
Poland, M. P., J. H. Fink, and L. Tauxe (2004), Patterns of magma flow in
segmented silicic dikes at Summer Coon volcano, Colorado: AMS and
thin section analysis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 219, 155– 169.
Roman, D., S. C. Moran, J. A. Power, and K. V. Cashman (2004), Temporal
and spatial variation of local stress fields before and after the 1992 eruptions
of Crater Peak Vent, Mount Spurr volcano, Alaska, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am., 94, 2366– 2379.
Santacroce, R. (1987), Somma Vesuvius, 251 pp., Cons. Naz. delle Ric.,
Rome.
Scandone, R., L. Giacomelli, and P. Gasparini (1993), Mount Vesuvius:
2000 years of volcanological observations, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 58, 4 – 25.
V. Acocella, M. Porreca, E. Massimi, and M. Mattei, Dipartimento di
Scienze Geologiche, Universita` Roma Tre, Largo S. L. Murialdo, 1,
I-00146 Rome, Italy. (acocella@uniroma3.it)
M. Neri, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Piazza Roma, 2,
I-95123 Catania, Italy.
2001 Mount Etna eruption and its possible triggering mechanisms, Bull.
Volcanol., 65, 517– 529.
Bousquet, J. C., and G. Lanzafame (2001), Nouvelle interpre´tation des
fractures des e´ruptions late´rales de l’Etna: Conse´quences pour son cadre
tectonique, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 172, 455– 467.
Chadwick, W. W., and J. H. Dieterich (1995), Mechanical modeling of
circumferential and radial dike intrusion on Galapagos volcanoes,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 66, 37– 52.
Cioni, R., R. Santacroce, and A. Sbrana (1999), Pyroclastic deposits as a
guide for reconstructing the multi-stage evolution of the Somma-
Vesuvius caldera, Bull. Volcanol., 60, 207– 222.
Cortini, M., and R. Scandone (1982), The feeding system of Vesuvius
between 1754 and 1944, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 12, 393–400.
Fiske, R. S., and E. D. Jackson (1972), Orientation and growth of Hawaiian
volcanic rifts, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 329, 299– 326.
Gasparini, P., and S. Musella (1991), Un Viaggio al Vesuvio, Liguori Ed.,
307 pp., Naples.
Gudmundsson, A. (2002), Emplacement and arrest of sheets and dikes in
central volcanoes, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 116, 279– 298.
Krassilnikov, A. S., and J. W. Head (2003), Novae on Venus: Geology,
classification, and evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 108(E9), 5108,
doi:10.1029/2002JE001983.
McGuire, W. J., and A. D. Pullen (1989), Location and orientation of
eruptive fissures and feeder-dykes at Mount Etna: Influence of gravitational
and regional stress regimes, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 38, 325–
344.
Pinel, V., and C. Jaupart (2003), Magma chamber behavior beneath a
volcanic edifice, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B2), 2072, doi:10.1029/
2002JB001751.
Pinel, V., and C. Jaupart (2004), Magma storage and horizontal dike injection
beneath a volcanic edifice, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 245– 262.
Poland, M. P., J. H. Fink, and L. Tauxe (2004), Patterns of magma flow in
segmented silicic dikes at Summer Coon volcano, Colorado: AMS and
thin section analysis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 219, 155– 169.
Roman, D., S. C. Moran, J. A. Power, and K. V. Cashman (2004), Temporal
and spatial variation of local stress fields before and after the 1992 eruptions
of Crater Peak Vent, Mount Spurr volcano, Alaska, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am., 94, 2366– 2379.
Santacroce, R. (1987), Somma Vesuvius, 251 pp., Cons. Naz. delle Ric.,
Rome.
Scandone, R., L. Giacomelli, and P. Gasparini (1993), Mount Vesuvius:
2000 years of volcanological observations, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 58, 4 – 25.
V. Acocella, M. Porreca, E. Massimi, and M. Mattei, Dipartimento di
Scienze Geologiche, Universita` Roma Tre, Largo S. L. Murialdo, 1,
I-00146 Rome, Italy. (acocella@uniroma3.it)
M. Neri, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Piazza Roma, 2,
I-95123 Catania, Italy.
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