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High precision locations of LP events on Mt. Etna: reconstruction of the fluid-filled volume
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
4/50 (2006)
Publisher
Springer
Pages (printed)
663-674
Issued date
2006
Abstract
During 1991−93 at Mount Etna, long-period (LP) events occurring in swarms characterized the evolution of the eruption. The presence of multiplets i.e. groups of events with similar waveform signatures, has been recognized within this activity.
Traditional techniques for locating LP events do not allow obtaining reliable hypocenters, which have only succeeded in placing earthquakes in a roughly 1 km2 area slightly east of the Mt. Etna Northeast Crater.
Hypocenters have been relocated in two steps: the absolute location has been improved using Thurber’s code and a complex 3D velocity model; a highly precise relative location has been applied on multiplets to define the source geometry.
3D locations and high precision analysis suggest that during the 1991−93 eruption the resonator producing LP events was a part of the uppermost Northeast Crater conduit, measuring 210 meters in height and 45−50 meters in diameter.
Traditional techniques for locating LP events do not allow obtaining reliable hypocenters, which have only succeeded in placing earthquakes in a roughly 1 km2 area slightly east of the Mt. Etna Northeast Crater.
Hypocenters have been relocated in two steps: the absolute location has been improved using Thurber’s code and a complex 3D velocity model; a highly precise relative location has been applied on multiplets to define the source geometry.
3D locations and high precision analysis suggest that during the 1991−93 eruption the resonator producing LP events was a part of the uppermost Northeast Crater conduit, measuring 210 meters in height and 45−50 meters in diameter.
References
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Aki K. and Richards P.G., 1980. Quantitative Seismology, Theory and Methods. W H Freeman, San Francisco.
Aloisi M., Cocina O., Neri G., Orecchio B. and Privitera E., 2002. Seismic tomography of the crust underneath the Etna volcano, Sicily. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 134, 139−155.
Alparone S. and Gambino S., 2003. High precision locations of multiplets on south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna (Italy): reconstruction of fault plan geometry. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 135, 281−289.
Barberi F., Carapezza M.L., Valenza M. and Villari L., 1993. The control of lava flow during 1991−1992 eruption of Mount Etna. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 56, 1−34.
Battaglia J., Got J.L. and Okubo P., 2003. Location of long-period events below Kilauea Volcano using seismic amplitudes and accurate relative relocation. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2553, doi:101029/2003JB002517.
Battaglia J., Thurber C.L., Got J.L., Rowe C.A. and White R.A., 2004. Precise relocation of earthquakes following the June 15, 1991 explosion of Mount Pinatubo (Philippines). J. Geophys. Res., 109, B07302, doi:10.1029/2003JB002883.
Baher S., Thurber C., Roberts K. and Rowe C., 2003. Relocation of seismicity preceding the 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii: Delineation of a possible failed rift. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 128, 327−339.
Bonaccorso A. and Davis P.M., 1999. Models of round deformation from vertical volcanic conduicts with application to eruptions of Mount St. Helens and Mount Etna. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 10531−10542.
Brancato A. and Gresta S., 2003. High precision relocation of microearthquakes at Mt. Etna (1991−1993 eruption onset): a tool for better understanding the volcano seismicity. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 124, 219−239.
Calvari S., Coltelli M., Pompilio M. and Neri M., 1994. 1991−1993 Etna eruption: geological observation and chronology of eruptive events. Acta Vulcanol., 4, 1−14.
Cattaneo M., Augliera P., Spallarossa D. and Eva C., 1997. Reconstruction of seismogenetic structures by multiplet analysis: an example of Western Liguria, Italy. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 87, 971−986.
Chouet B.A., 1985. Excitation of buried magmatic pipe: a seismic source model for volcanic tremor. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1881−1893.
Chouet B.A., 1988. Resonance of a fluid-driven crack: radiation properties and implications for the source of long-period events and harmonic tremor. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 4375−4400.
Chouet B.A., 1992. A seismic model for the source of long period events and harmonic tremor. In: P. Gasparini, R. Scarpa and K. Aki (Eds,), Volcanic Seismology, IAVCEI Proc. in Volcanology, 3, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 133−156.
Chouet B.A., Dawson P.B., Falsaperla S. and Privitera E., 1994. A characterization of long-period events recorded during the eruptive activity of Mount Etna, Italy, in 1992. Acta Vulcanol., 4, 81−86.
Chouet B.A., 1996. Long-period volcano seismicity: its source and use in eruption forecasting. Nature, 300, 309−316.
Coltelli M., Pompilio M., Del Carlo P., Calvari S., Pannucci S. and Scribano V., 1998. Etna: eruptive activity. Acta Vulcanol., 10, 141−149.
Falsaperla S., Privitera E., Chouet B. and Dawson P., 2002. Analysis of long period events recorded at Mount Etna (Italy) in 1992 and their relationship to eruptive activity. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 114, 419−440.
Ferrucci F. and Patanè D., 1993. Seismic activity accompanying the outbreak of the 1991−1993 eruption of Mount Etna (Italy). J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 57, 125−135.
Frèmont M.J. and Malone S.D., 1987. High precision relative locations of earthquake at Mount St. Helens, Washington. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10223−10236.
Got J.L., Fréchet J. and Klein F.W., 1994. Deep fault plane geometry inferred from multiplet relative relocation beneath the south flank of Kilauea. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15375−15386.
Haase J.S., Shearer P.M. and Aster R.C., 1995. Constraints on temporal variations in velocity near Anza, California, from analysis of similar event pairs. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 85, 194−206.
Hirn A., Nercessian A., Sapin M., Ferrucci F. and Wittlinger G., 1991. Seismic heterogeneity of Mt. Etna: structure and activity. Geophys. J. Int., 105, 139−153.
Jones J.P., Thurber C.H. and Lutter W.J., 2001. High precision location of pre eruption seismicity at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, 30 May−3 June, 1991. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 123, 221−232.
Julian B.R., 1994. Volcanic tremor: nonlinear excitation by fluid flow. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11859−11877.
Kazahaya K., Shinobara H. and Saito G., 1994. Excessive degassing of Izu-Oshima volcano: magma convection in a conduict. Bull. Volcanol., 56, 207−216.
La Delfa S., Innocente V., Patanè G. and Tanguy J.C., 2003. Correlation between local stress field and summit eruption of Mount Etna: the 27 March 1998 event. Geol. Carpath., 54, 251−260.
Lahr J.C., 1989. Hypoellipse Version 20*: a Computer Program for Determining Local Earthquake Hypocentral Parameters, Magnitude, and First Motion Pattern. United States Department of the Survey, Menlo Park, California, Open File Report 89-116.
Lo Giudice E., Patanè G., Rasà R. and Romano R., 1982. The structural framework of Mt. Etna. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 23, 125−158.
Monaco C., Tapponnier P., Tortorici L. and Gillot P.Y., 1997. Late Quaternary slip rates on the Acireale-Piedimonte normal faults and tectonic origin of Mt. Etna (Sicily). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 147, 125−139.
Moriya H., Niitsuma H. and Baria R., 2003. Multiplet-clustering analysis reveals structural details within the seismic cloud at the Soultz geothermal field, France. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 93, 1606−1620.
Patanè D., Cocina O., Falsaperla S., Privitera E. and Spampinato S., 2004. Mt. Etna volcano: a seismological framework. In: S. Calvari, A. Bonaccorso, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro and S. Falsaperla (Eds.), The Mt. Etna Volcano. AGU, Washington, D.C., 147−165.
Patanè D., Chiarabba C., De Gori P. and Bonaccorso A., 2003. Magma ascent and the pressurization of Mt. Etna’s volcanic system. Science, 299, 2061−2063.
Pechmann J.C. and Kanamori H., 1982. Waveform and spectra of preshocks and aftershocks of the 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquake: evidence for fault heterogeneity? J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10579−10579.
Poupinet G., Ellsworth W.L. and Fréchet J., 1984. Monitoring velocity variation in the crust using earthquake doublets: an application to the Calaveras fault, California. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5719−5731.
Rowe C.A., Thurber C.H. and White R.A., 2004. Relocation of volcanic event swarms at Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, 1995−1996. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 134, 199−221.
Thurber C.H., 1993. Local earthquake tomography: velocity and VP/VS-theory. In: H.M. Iyer and K. Hirahara (Eds.), Seismic Tomography: Theory and Practice. Chapman and Hall, London, 563−583.
Wolfe C.J., Okubo P.G. and Shearer P.M., 2003. Mantle fault zone beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Science, 300, 478−480.
Aki K. and Richards P.G., 1980. Quantitative Seismology, Theory and Methods. W H Freeman, San Francisco.
Aloisi M., Cocina O., Neri G., Orecchio B. and Privitera E., 2002. Seismic tomography of the crust underneath the Etna volcano, Sicily. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 134, 139−155.
Alparone S. and Gambino S., 2003. High precision locations of multiplets on south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna (Italy): reconstruction of fault plan geometry. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 135, 281−289.
Barberi F., Carapezza M.L., Valenza M. and Villari L., 1993. The control of lava flow during 1991−1992 eruption of Mount Etna. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 56, 1−34.
Battaglia J., Got J.L. and Okubo P., 2003. Location of long-period events below Kilauea Volcano using seismic amplitudes and accurate relative relocation. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2553, doi:101029/2003JB002517.
Battaglia J., Thurber C.L., Got J.L., Rowe C.A. and White R.A., 2004. Precise relocation of earthquakes following the June 15, 1991 explosion of Mount Pinatubo (Philippines). J. Geophys. Res., 109, B07302, doi:10.1029/2003JB002883.
Baher S., Thurber C., Roberts K. and Rowe C., 2003. Relocation of seismicity preceding the 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii: Delineation of a possible failed rift. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 128, 327−339.
Bonaccorso A. and Davis P.M., 1999. Models of round deformation from vertical volcanic conduicts with application to eruptions of Mount St. Helens and Mount Etna. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 10531−10542.
Brancato A. and Gresta S., 2003. High precision relocation of microearthquakes at Mt. Etna (1991−1993 eruption onset): a tool for better understanding the volcano seismicity. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 124, 219−239.
Calvari S., Coltelli M., Pompilio M. and Neri M., 1994. 1991−1993 Etna eruption: geological observation and chronology of eruptive events. Acta Vulcanol., 4, 1−14.
Cattaneo M., Augliera P., Spallarossa D. and Eva C., 1997. Reconstruction of seismogenetic structures by multiplet analysis: an example of Western Liguria, Italy. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 87, 971−986.
Chouet B.A., 1985. Excitation of buried magmatic pipe: a seismic source model for volcanic tremor. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1881−1893.
Chouet B.A., 1988. Resonance of a fluid-driven crack: radiation properties and implications for the source of long-period events and harmonic tremor. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 4375−4400.
Chouet B.A., 1992. A seismic model for the source of long period events and harmonic tremor. In: P. Gasparini, R. Scarpa and K. Aki (Eds,), Volcanic Seismology, IAVCEI Proc. in Volcanology, 3, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 133−156.
Chouet B.A., Dawson P.B., Falsaperla S. and Privitera E., 1994. A characterization of long-period events recorded during the eruptive activity of Mount Etna, Italy, in 1992. Acta Vulcanol., 4, 81−86.
Chouet B.A., 1996. Long-period volcano seismicity: its source and use in eruption forecasting. Nature, 300, 309−316.
Coltelli M., Pompilio M., Del Carlo P., Calvari S., Pannucci S. and Scribano V., 1998. Etna: eruptive activity. Acta Vulcanol., 10, 141−149.
Falsaperla S., Privitera E., Chouet B. and Dawson P., 2002. Analysis of long period events recorded at Mount Etna (Italy) in 1992 and their relationship to eruptive activity. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 114, 419−440.
Ferrucci F. and Patanè D., 1993. Seismic activity accompanying the outbreak of the 1991−1993 eruption of Mount Etna (Italy). J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 57, 125−135.
Frèmont M.J. and Malone S.D., 1987. High precision relative locations of earthquake at Mount St. Helens, Washington. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10223−10236.
Got J.L., Fréchet J. and Klein F.W., 1994. Deep fault plane geometry inferred from multiplet relative relocation beneath the south flank of Kilauea. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15375−15386.
Haase J.S., Shearer P.M. and Aster R.C., 1995. Constraints on temporal variations in velocity near Anza, California, from analysis of similar event pairs. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 85, 194−206.
Hirn A., Nercessian A., Sapin M., Ferrucci F. and Wittlinger G., 1991. Seismic heterogeneity of Mt. Etna: structure and activity. Geophys. J. Int., 105, 139−153.
Jones J.P., Thurber C.H. and Lutter W.J., 2001. High precision location of pre eruption seismicity at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, 30 May−3 June, 1991. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 123, 221−232.
Julian B.R., 1994. Volcanic tremor: nonlinear excitation by fluid flow. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11859−11877.
Kazahaya K., Shinobara H. and Saito G., 1994. Excessive degassing of Izu-Oshima volcano: magma convection in a conduict. Bull. Volcanol., 56, 207−216.
La Delfa S., Innocente V., Patanè G. and Tanguy J.C., 2003. Correlation between local stress field and summit eruption of Mount Etna: the 27 March 1998 event. Geol. Carpath., 54, 251−260.
Lahr J.C., 1989. Hypoellipse Version 20*: a Computer Program for Determining Local Earthquake Hypocentral Parameters, Magnitude, and First Motion Pattern. United States Department of the Survey, Menlo Park, California, Open File Report 89-116.
Lo Giudice E., Patanè G., Rasà R. and Romano R., 1982. The structural framework of Mt. Etna. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 23, 125−158.
Monaco C., Tapponnier P., Tortorici L. and Gillot P.Y., 1997. Late Quaternary slip rates on the Acireale-Piedimonte normal faults and tectonic origin of Mt. Etna (Sicily). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 147, 125−139.
Moriya H., Niitsuma H. and Baria R., 2003. Multiplet-clustering analysis reveals structural details within the seismic cloud at the Soultz geothermal field, France. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 93, 1606−1620.
Patanè D., Cocina O., Falsaperla S., Privitera E. and Spampinato S., 2004. Mt. Etna volcano: a seismological framework. In: S. Calvari, A. Bonaccorso, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro and S. Falsaperla (Eds.), The Mt. Etna Volcano. AGU, Washington, D.C., 147−165.
Patanè D., Chiarabba C., De Gori P. and Bonaccorso A., 2003. Magma ascent and the pressurization of Mt. Etna’s volcanic system. Science, 299, 2061−2063.
Pechmann J.C. and Kanamori H., 1982. Waveform and spectra of preshocks and aftershocks of the 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquake: evidence for fault heterogeneity? J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10579−10579.
Poupinet G., Ellsworth W.L. and Fréchet J., 1984. Monitoring velocity variation in the crust using earthquake doublets: an application to the Calaveras fault, California. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5719−5731.
Rowe C.A., Thurber C.H. and White R.A., 2004. Relocation of volcanic event swarms at Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, 1995−1996. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 134, 199−221.
Thurber C.H., 1993. Local earthquake tomography: velocity and VP/VS-theory. In: H.M. Iyer and K. Hirahara (Eds.), Seismic Tomography: Theory and Practice. Chapman and Hall, London, 563−583.
Wolfe C.J., Okubo P.G. and Shearer P.M., 2003. Mantle fault zone beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Science, 300, 478−480.
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