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A Multi-Sensor Satellite Approach to Characterize the Volcanic Deposits Emitted during Etna’s Lava Fountaining: The 2020–2022 Study Case
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/15 (2023)
ISSN
2072-4292
Publisher
MDPI
Pages (printed)
916
Issued date
February 7, 2023
Subjects
Abstract
Between December 2020 and February 2022, the South East Crater of Etna has been the source of numerous eruptions, mostly characterized by the emission of lava fountains, pyroclastic material and short-lasting lava flows. Here we estimate the volume and distribution of the lava deposits by elaborating multi-source satellite imagery. SEVIRI data have been elaborated using CL-HOTSAT to estimate the lava volume emitted during each event and calculate the cumulative volume; Pléiades and WorldView-1 data have been used to derive Digital Surface Models, whose differences provide thickness distributions and hence volumes of the volcanic deposits. We find a good agreement, with the total average lava volume obtained by SEVIRI reaching 73.2 × 106 m3 and the one from optical data amounting to 67.7 × 106 m3. This proves the robustness of both techniques and the accuracy of the volume estimates, which provide important information on the lava flooding history and evolution of the volcano.
Sponsors
This work was supported by the INGV project Pianeta Dinamico (CUP D53J19000170001) funded by MIUR (“Fondo finalizzato al rilancio degli investimenti delle amministrazioni centrali dello Stato e allo sviluppo del Paese,” legge 145/2018), Tema 8—PANACEA, Scientific Responsibility: A.C.). The research was also funded by “TUNE—Effusion rate estimates at Etna and Stromboli: constraints imposed by a variety of satellite remote sensing data” (Bando di Ricerca Libera 2019 of INGV; Scientific Responsibility: G.G.). This research was also supported by the Project FIRST—ForecastIng eRuptive activity at Stromboli volcano: timing, eruptive style, size, intensity, and duration, INGV-Progetto Strategico Dipartimento Vulcani 2019 (Delibera n. 144/2020; Scientific Responsibility: S.C.).
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[CrossRef]
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2. De Beni, E.; Cantarero, M.; Neri, M.; Messina, A. Lava flows of Mt Etna, Italy: The 2019 eruption within the context of the last two decades (1999–2019). J. Maps 2020, 17, 65–76. [CrossRef]
3. Andronico, D.; Cannata, A.; Di Grazia, G.; Ferrari, F. The 1986–2021 paroxysmal episodes at the summit craters of Mt. Etna: Insights into volcano dynamics and hazard. Earth-Sci. Rev. 2021, 220, 103686. [CrossRef]
4. Giuffrida, M.; Scandura, M.; Costa, G.; Zuccarello, F.; Sciotto, M.; Cannata, A.; Viccaro, M. Tracking the summit activity of Mt. Etna volcano between July 2019 and January 2020 by integrating petrological and geophysical data. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2021, 418, 107350. [CrossRef]
5. Behncke, B.; Branca, S.; Corsaro, R.A.; De Beni, E.; Miraglia, L.; Proietti, C. The 2011–2012 summit activity of Mount Etna: Birth, growth and products of the new SE crater. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2014, 270, 10–21. [CrossRef]
6. Giuffrida, M.; Viccaro, M. Three years (2011–2013) of eruptive activity at Mt. Etna: Working modes and timescales of the modern volcano plumbing system from microanalytical studies of crystals. Earth Sci. Rev. 2017, 171, 289–322. [CrossRef]
7. Calvari, S.; Cannavo’, F.; Bonaccorso, A.; Spampinato, L.; Pellegrino, A.G. Paroxysmal Explosions, Lava Fountains and Ash Plumes at Etna Volcano: Eruptive Processes and Hazard Implications. Front. Earth Sci. 2018, 6, 107. [CrossRef]
8. Bonaccorso, A.; Calvari, S. A new approach to investigate an eruptive paroxysmal sequence using camera and strainmeter networks: Lessons from the 3–5 December 2015 activity at Etna volcano. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2017, 475, 231–241. [CrossRef]
9. Corsaro, R.; Andronico, D.; Behncke, B.; Branca, S.; Caltabiano, T.; Ciancitto, F.; Cristaldi, A.; De Beni, E.; La Spina, A.; Lodato, L.; et al. Monitoring the December 2015 summit eruptions of Mt. Etna (Italy): Implications on eruptive dynamics. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2017, 341, 53–69. [CrossRef]
10. Cannata, A.; Di Grazia, G.; Giuffrida, M.; Gresta, S.; Palano, M.; Sciotto, M.; Viccaro, M.; Zuccarello, F. Space-Time Evolution of Magma Storage and Transfer at Mt. Etna Volcano (Italy): The 2015–2016 Reawakening of Voragine Crater. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2018, 19, 471–495. [CrossRef]
11. Borzi, A.M.; Giuffrida, M.; Zuccarello, F.; Palano, M.; Viccaro, M. The Christmas 2018 Eruption at Mount Etna: Enlightening How the Volcano Factory Works Through a Multiparametric Inspection. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2020, 21, 9226. [CrossRef]
12. Calvari, S.; Bilotta, G.; Bonaccorso, A.; Caltabiano, T.; Cappello, A.; Corradino, C.; Del Negro, C.; Ganci, G.; Neri, M.; Pecora, E.; et al. The VEI 2 Christmas 2018 Etna Eruption: A Small But Intense Eruptive Event or the Starting Phase of a Larger One? Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 905. [CrossRef]
13. Calvari, S.; Bonaccorso, A.; Ganci, G. Anatomy of a Paroxysmal Lava Fountain at Etna Volcano: The Case of the 12 March 2021, Episode. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 3052. [CrossRef]
14. Calvari, S.; Nunnari, G. Comparison between Automated and Manual Detection of Lava Fountains from Fixed Monitoring Thermal Cameras at Etna Volcano, Italy. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 2392. [CrossRef]
15. Corsaro, R.A.; Miraglia, L. Near Real-Time Petrologic Monitoring on Volcanic Glass to Infer Magmatic Processes During the February–April 2021 Paroxysms of the South-East Crater, Etna. Front. Earth Sci. 2022, 10, 828026. [CrossRef]
16. Calvari, S.; Biale, E.; Bonaccorso, A.; Cannata, A.; Carleo, L.; Currenti, G.; Di Grazia, G.; Ganci, G.; Iozzia, A.; Pecora, E.; et al. Explosive Paroxysmal Events at Etna Volcano of Different Magnitude and Intensity Explored through a Multidisciplinary Monitoring System. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 4006. [CrossRef]
17. Calvari, S.; Neri, M.; Pinkerton, H. Effusion rate estimations during the 1999 summit eruption on Mount Etna, and growth of two distinct lava flow fields. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2003, 119, 107–123. [CrossRef]
18. Burton, M.R.; Neri, M.; Andronico, D.; Branca, S.; Caltabiano, T.; Calvari, S.; Corsaro, R.A.; Del Carlo, P.; Lanzafame, G.; Lodato, L.; et al. Etna 2004–2005: An archetype for geodynamically-controlled effusive eruptions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32, 22527. [CrossRef]
19. Behncke, B.S.; Calvari, S.; Giammanco, M.; Pinkerton, N.H. Pyroclastic density currents resulting from the interac-tion of basaltic magma with hydrothermally altered rock: An example from the 2006 summit eruptions of Mount Etna, Italy. Bull. Volcanol. 2008, 70, 1249–1268. [CrossRef]
20. Andronico, D.; Di Roberto, A.; De Beni, E.; Behncke, B.; Bertagnini, A.; Del Carlo, P.; Pompilio, M. Pyroclastic den-sity currents at Etna volcano, Italy: The 11 February 2014 case study. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2018, 357, 92–105. [CrossRef]
21. Marzano, F.S. Remote Sensing of Volcanic Ash Cloud During Explosive Eruptions Using Ground-Based Weather RADAR Data Processing [In the Spotlight]. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 2011, 28, 128–126. [CrossRef]
22. Andronico, D.; Del Carlo, P. PM10 measurements in urban settlements after lava fountain episodes at Mt. Etna, Italy: Pilot test to assess volcanic ash hazard to human health. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2016, 16, 29–40.
Horwell, C.J.; Sargent, P.; Andronico, D.; Castro, M.D.L.; Tomatis, M.; Hillman, S.E.; Michnowicz, S.A.K.; Fubini, B. The iron- catalysed surface reactivity and health-pertinent physical characteristics of explosive volcanic ash from Mt. Etna, Italy. J. Appl. Volcanol. 2017, 6, 12. [CrossRef]
24. Cappello, A.; Ganci, G.; Bilotta, G.; Corradino, C.; Hérault, A.; Del Negro, C. Changing Eruptive Styles at the South-East Crater of Mount Etna: Implications for Assessing Lava Flow Hazards. Front. Earth Sci. 2019, 7, 213. [CrossRef]
25. Ganci, G.; Cappello, A.; Bilotta, G.; Del Negro, C. How the variety of satellite remote sensing data over volcanoes can assist hazard monitoring efforts: The 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano. Remote Sens. Environ. 2020, 236, 111426. [CrossRef]
26. Wadge, G.; Guest, J.E. Steady-state magma discharge at Etna 1971–1981. Nature 1981, 294, 548–550. [CrossRef]
27. Bonaccorso, A.; Calvari, S. Major effusive eruptions and recent lava fountains: Balance between expected and erupted magma
volumes at Etna volcano. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2013, 40, 6069–6073. [CrossRef]
28. Müller, D.; Walter, T.R.; Schöpa, A.; Witt, T.; Steinke, B.; Gudmundsson, M.T.; Dürig, T. High-resolution digital eleva-tion
modeling from TLS and UAV campaign reveals structural complexity at the 2014/2015 Holuhraun eruption site, Iceland. Front.
Earth Sci. 2017, 5, 59. [CrossRef]
29. Darmawan, H.; Walter, T.R.; Brotopuspito, K.S.; Subandriyo; Nandaka, I.G.M.A. Morphological and structural changes at the
Merapi lava dome monitored in 2012–15 using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2018, 349, 256–267.
[CrossRef]
30. Cappello, A.; Ganci, G.; Calvari, S.; Pérez, N.M.; Hernández, P.A.; Silva, S.V.; Cabral, J.; Del Negro, C. Lava flow hazard modeling
during the 2014–2015 Fogo eruption, Cape Verde. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2016, 121, 2290–2303. [CrossRef]
31. Cappello, A.; Ganci, G.; Bilotta, G.; Herault, A.; Zago, V.; Del Negro, C. Satellite-driven modeling approach for monitoring lava
flow hazards during the 2017 Etna eruption. Ann. Geophys. 2018, 61, 13. [CrossRef]
32. Ganci, G.; Vicari, A.; Cappello, A.; Del Negro, C. An emergent strategy for volcano hazard assessment: From thermal satellite
monitoring to lava flow modeling. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 119, 197–207. [CrossRef]
33. Coppola, D.; Laiolo, M.; Lara, L.E.; Cigolini, C.; Orozco, G. Enhanced volcanic hot-spot detection using MODIS IR data: Results
from the MIROVA system. In Detecting, Modelling, and Responding to Effusive Eruptions; Harris, A., De Groeve, T., Garel, F., Carn,
S.A., Eds.; Geological Society Special Publications: London, UK, 2016; Volume 426.
34. Ganci, G.; Vicari, A.; Fortuna, L.; Del Negro, C. The HOTSAT volcano monitoring system based on combined use of SEVIRI and
MODIS multispectral data. Ann. Geophys. 2011, 54, 5338. [CrossRef]
35. Ganci, G.; Bilotta, G.; Cappello, A.; Herault, A.; Del Negro, C. HOTSAT: A multiplatform system for the thermal monitoring of
volcanic activity using satellite data. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spéc. Publ. 2015, 426, 207–221. [CrossRef]
36. Del Negro, C.; Cappello, A.; Ganci, G. Quantifying lava flow hazards in response to effusive eruption. GSA Bull. Geol. Soc. Am.
2015, 128, 752–763. [CrossRef]
37. Ganci, G.; Harris, A.J.L.; Del Negro, C.; Guehenneux, Y.; Cappello, A.; Labazuy, P.; Calvari, S.; Gouhier, M. A year of lava
fountaining at Etna: Volumes from SEVIRI. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39, 1026. [CrossRef]
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