Options
Holocene vegetation record of upland northern Calabria, Italy: Environmental change and human impact
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1V. Storia eruttiva
5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
4/29 (2019)
Pages (printed)
633-647
Issued date
2019
Abstract
Earlier studies on Holocene fills of upland lakes (Lago Forano and Fontana Manca) in northern Calabria, Italy, showed that these hold important
palaeoecological archives, which however remained poorly dated. Their time frame is improved by new 14C dates on plant remains from new cores.
Existing pollen data are reinterpreted, using this new time frame. Two early forest decline phases are distinguished. The earliest is linked to the 4.2 kyr
BP climatic event, when climate became distinctly drier, other than at Lago Trifoglietti on the wetter Tyrrhenian side, where this event is less prominent.
The second is attributed to human impacts and is linked to middle-Bronze Age mobile pastoralism. At Fontana Manca (c. 1000 m a.s.l.), it started around
1700 BC, in the higher uplands a few centuries later (Lago Forano, c. 1500 m a.s.l.). In the Fontana Manca fill, a thin tephra layer occurs, which appears to
result from the AP2 event (Vesuvius, c. 1700 BC). A third, major degradation phase dates from the Roman period. Land use and its impacts, as inferred
from the regional archaeological record for the Raganello catchment, are confronted with the impacts deduced from the palaeoarchives.
palaeoecological archives, which however remained poorly dated. Their time frame is improved by new 14C dates on plant remains from new cores.
Existing pollen data are reinterpreted, using this new time frame. Two early forest decline phases are distinguished. The earliest is linked to the 4.2 kyr
BP climatic event, when climate became distinctly drier, other than at Lago Trifoglietti on the wetter Tyrrhenian side, where this event is less prominent.
The second is attributed to human impacts and is linked to middle-Bronze Age mobile pastoralism. At Fontana Manca (c. 1000 m a.s.l.), it started around
1700 BC, in the higher uplands a few centuries later (Lago Forano, c. 1500 m a.s.l.). In the Fontana Manca fill, a thin tephra layer occurs, which appears to
result from the AP2 event (Vesuvius, c. 1700 BC). A third, major degradation phase dates from the Roman period. Land use and its impacts, as inferred
from the regional archaeological record for the Raganello catchment, are confronted with the impacts deduced from the palaeoarchives.
References
Allen JRM, Watts WA, McGee E et al. (2002) Holocene environmental
variability – The record from Lago Grande di Monticchio
Italy. Quaternary International 88: 69–80.
Attema PAJ, Burgers GJ and van Leusen PM (2010) Regional
Pathways to Complexity: Settlement and Land-use Dynamics
from the Bronze Age to the Republican Period. Amsterdam:
Amsterdam University Press.
Baruffini L, Lottaroli F, Torricelli S et al. (2000) Stratigraphic
revision of the Eocene Albidona Formation in the type locality
(Calabria Southern Italy). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia E
Stratigrafia [Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy] 106:
73–98.
Beug HJ (2004) Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung für Mitteleuropa
und angrenzende Gebiete. Munich: Pfeil.
Boenzi F, Caldara M, Capolongo D et al. (2008) Late Pleistocene–
Holocene landscape evolution in Fossa Bradanica Basilicata
(southern Italy). Geomorphology 102(3): 297–306.
Brandmayr P, Mingozzi T, Scalercio S et al. (2002) Stipa austroitalica
garigues and mountain pastureland in the Pollino
National Park (Calabria Southern Italy). In: Redecker B,
Finck P, Härdtle W et al. (eds) Pasture Landscapes and Nature
Conservation. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 53–66.
Brock F, Higham T, Ditchfield P et al. (2010) Current pretreatment
methods for AMS radiocarbon dating at the oxford
radiocarbon accelerator unit (Orau). Radiocarbon 52(1):
103–112.
Bronk Ramsey C (2017) OxCal 43. Available at: https://c14.arch.
ox.ac.uk/oxcal.html (accessed 21 March 2018).
Cesarano M, Pierantoni PP and Turco E (2002) Structural analysis
of the Albidona formation in the Alessandria del Carretto-
Plataci area (Calabro-Lucanian Apennines southern Italy).
Bollettino della Società geologica italiana 1: 669–676.
Cioni R, Civetta L, Marianelli P et al. (1995) Compositional layering
and syn-eruptive mixing of a periodically refilled shallow
magma chamber: The AD 79 Plinian eruption of Vesuvius.
Journal of Petrology 36(3): 739–776.
Civetta L, Galati R and Santacroce R (1991) Magma mixing
and convective compositional layering within the Vesuvius
magma chamber. Bulletin of Volcanology 53(4): 287–300.
Cocca C, Campanile D and Campanile G (2006) Il parco nazionale
del Pollino tra ecologia e sviluppo. Forest@ 3(3):
310–314.
D Antonio M, Tonarini S, Arienzo I et al. (2013) Mantle and
crustal processes in the magmatism of the Campania region:
Inferences from mineralogy geochemistry and Sr–Nd–O isotopes
of young hybrid volcanics of the Ischia island (South
Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 165(6):
1173–1194.
De Neef W (2016) Surface subsurface: A methodological study of
metal age settlement and land use in Calabria (Italy). Unpublished
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Groningen.
Di Renzo V, Di Vito MA, Arienzo I et al. (2007) Magmatic history
of Somma-Vesuvius on the basis of new geochemical and isotopic
data from a deep bore-hole. Journal of Petrology 48(4):
753–784.
Di Rita F and Magri D (2009) Holocene drought deforestation
and evergreen vegetation development in the central Mediterranean:
A 5500 year record from Lago Alimini Piccolo Apulia
southeast Italy. The Holocene 19: 295–306.
Di Rita F, Fletcher WJ, Aranbarri J et al. (2018) Holocene forest
dynamics in central and western Mediterranean: Periodicity,
spatio-temporal patterns and climate influence. Scientific
Reports 8(1): 8929.
Elevelt SC (2012) Subsistence and social stratification in Northern
Ionic Calabria from the Middle Bronze Age until the
Sevink et al. 647
Early Iron Age: The archaeozoological evidence. Unpublished
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Groningen.
Feiken H (2014) Dealing with Biases: Three Geo-Archaeological
Approaches to the Hidden Landscapes of Italy. Groningen:
Barkhuis Publishing.
Gargaglione AA (2001) Geologia flora e vegetazione del massiccio
montuoso del Pollino. Basilicata Regione Notizie 99:
17–24.
Goldstein SL, Deines P, Oelkers EH et al. (2003) Standards for
publication of isotope ratio and chemical data in chemical
geology. Chemical Geology 202: 1–4.
Grimm EC (2015) Tilia and Tiliagraph 2041. Available at: https://
wwwtiliaitcom/download/ (accessed 21 March 2018).
Huntley B, Bartlein PJ and Prentice IC (1989) Climatic control
of the distribution and abundance of beech (Fagus L)
in Europe and North America. Journal of Biogeography 16:
551–560.
Iovine RS, Mazzeo FC, Arienzo I et al. (2017) Source and magmatic
evolution inferred from geochemical and Sr-O-isotope
data on hybrid lavas of Arso the last eruption at Ischia island
(Italy; 1302 AD). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research: 331: 1–15.
Ippolito F (2016a) Before the Iron Age: The oldest settlements in
the hinterland of the Sibaritide (Calabria. Italy) [Groningen]:
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. Available at: https://www.rug.nl
/research/portal/files/36137198/Complete_thesis.pdf.
Ippolito F (2016b) Contextualization of funerary evidence from
the cave Sant’Angelo IV Northeastern Calabria Italy. Palaeohistoria
57–58: 111–116.
Joannin S, Brugiapaglia E, Beaulieu JLD et al. (2012) Pollenbased
reconstruction of Holocene vegetation and climate in
southern Italy: The case of Lago Trifoglietti. Climate of the
Past 8(6): 1973–1996.
Jung R (2017) Chronological problems of the middle bronze
age in Southern Italy. In: Lachenal T, Mordant C, Nicola T
et al. (eds) Le Bronze moyen et l’origine du Bronze final en
Europe occidentale de la Méditerranée aux pays nordiques
(xviie-xiiie siècle avant notre ère.). Strasbourg: Mémoires
d’Archéologie du Grand-Est 1, pp. 621–639.
Kleine E (2004) Pollenonderzoek Lago Forano: Holocene vegetatiegeschiedenis
van de Sibaritide. Unpublished Master’s
Thesis, University of Groningen.
Kleine E, Cappers R, Attema PAJ et al. (2005) Holocene vegetatiegeschiedenis
van de Sibaritide (Calabrie Italie): Analyse
van het pollenmateriaal uit Lago Forano. Paleo-Aktueel
14–15: 68–73.
Matteucci R (1984) Pascoli estivi e tratturi nell’area di Broglio.
In: Peroni R (ed.) Nuove Ricerche Sulla Protostoria Della
Sibaritide. Roma: Publications du Centre Jean Bérard, pp.
260–265.
Mercuri AM, Bandini Mazzanti M, Florenzano A et al. (2013)
Olea Juglans and Castanea: The OJC group as pollen evidence
of the development of human-induced environments
in the Italia peninsula. Quaternary International 303:
24–42.
Mook WG and van der Plicht J (1999) Reporting C-14 activities
and concentrations. Radiocarbon 41(3): 227–239.
Moore PD, Webb JA and Collinson ME (1991) Pollen Analysis.
Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.
Palmentola G, Acquafredda P and Fiore S (1990) A new correlation
of the glacial moraines in the Southern Apennines Italy.
Geomorphology 31: 1–8.
Passariello I, Lubritto C, D’Onofrio A et al. (2010) The Somma–
Vesuvius complex and the Phlaegrean Fields caldera: New
chronological data of several eruptions of the Copper–Middle
Bronze age period. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in
Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
and Atoms 268(7): 1008–1012.
Peroni R and Trucco F (1994) Enotri E Micenei Nella Sibaritide.
Taranto: Istituto Magna Grecia.
Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A et al. (2013) IntCal13 and Marine13
Radiocarbon Age calibration curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP.
Radiocarbon 55(4): 1869–1887.
Rolandi G, Petrosino P and Mc Geehin J (1998) The interplinian
activity at Somma–Vesuvius in the last 3500 years. Journal of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research 82(1): 19–52.
Santacroce R (1987) Somma-Vesuvius. Quaderni Della Ricerca
Scientifica 114: 1–251.
Santacroce R, Cioni R, Marianelli P et al. (2008) Age and whole
rock–glass compositions of proximal pyroclastics from the
major explosive eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius: A review as a
tool for distal tephrostratigraphy. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research 177(1): 1–18.
Schneider R (1985) Analyse palynologique dans l’Aspromonte en
Calabre (Italie meridionale). Cahiers ligures de préhistoire et
de protohistoire 2: 279–288.
Sevink J, Van Bergen MJ, Van Der Plicht J et al. (2011) Robust
date for the Bronze Age Avellino eruption (Somma-Vesuvius):
3945±10 calBP (1995±10 calBC). Quaternary Science
Reviews 30(9–10): 1035–1046.
Sevink J, van der Plicht J, Feiken H et al. (2013) The Holocene
of the Agro Pontino graben: Recent advances in its palaeogeography
palaeoecology and tephrostratigraphy. Quaternary
International 303: 153–162.
Thirlwall MF (1991) Long-term reproducibility of multicollector Sr
and Nd isotope ratio analysis. Chemical Geology 94: 85–104.
Van Geel B (1978) A palaeoecological study of Holocene peat
bog sections in Germany and the Netherlands based on the
analysis of pollen spores and macro-and microscopic remains
of fungi algae cormophytes and animals. Review of Palaeobotany
and Palynology 251: 1–120.
Van Geel B and Aptroot A (2006) Fossil ascomycetes in Quaternary
deposits. Nova Hedwigia 82: 313–329.
Veenman F (2002) Reconstructing the Pasture a reconstruction of
pastoral landuse in Italy in the first millennium BC. Unpublished
Doctoral Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
Vingiani S, Minieri L, Albore Livadie C et al. (2017) Pedological
investigation of an early Bronze Age site in southern Italy.
Geoarchaeology 332: 193–217.
Woldring H, Boekema Y, Attema PAJ et al. (2006) Vegetatieontwikkeling
en landgebruik in de Monte Sparviere (Calabrie
Italie). Paleo-aktueel 17: 82–89.
Zanchetta G, Giraudi C, Sulpizio R et al. (2012) Constraining the
onset of the Holocene ‘Neoglacial’ over the central Italy using
tephra layers. Quaternary Research 78(2): 236–247.
Zanchetta G, Regattieri E, Isola I et al. (2016) The so-called ‘42
event’ in the central Mediterranean and its climatic teleconnections.
Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary 29(1): 5–17
variability – The record from Lago Grande di Monticchio
Italy. Quaternary International 88: 69–80.
Attema PAJ, Burgers GJ and van Leusen PM (2010) Regional
Pathways to Complexity: Settlement and Land-use Dynamics
from the Bronze Age to the Republican Period. Amsterdam:
Amsterdam University Press.
Baruffini L, Lottaroli F, Torricelli S et al. (2000) Stratigraphic
revision of the Eocene Albidona Formation in the type locality
(Calabria Southern Italy). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia E
Stratigrafia [Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy] 106:
73–98.
Beug HJ (2004) Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung für Mitteleuropa
und angrenzende Gebiete. Munich: Pfeil.
Boenzi F, Caldara M, Capolongo D et al. (2008) Late Pleistocene–
Holocene landscape evolution in Fossa Bradanica Basilicata
(southern Italy). Geomorphology 102(3): 297–306.
Brandmayr P, Mingozzi T, Scalercio S et al. (2002) Stipa austroitalica
garigues and mountain pastureland in the Pollino
National Park (Calabria Southern Italy). In: Redecker B,
Finck P, Härdtle W et al. (eds) Pasture Landscapes and Nature
Conservation. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 53–66.
Brock F, Higham T, Ditchfield P et al. (2010) Current pretreatment
methods for AMS radiocarbon dating at the oxford
radiocarbon accelerator unit (Orau). Radiocarbon 52(1):
103–112.
Bronk Ramsey C (2017) OxCal 43. Available at: https://c14.arch.
ox.ac.uk/oxcal.html (accessed 21 March 2018).
Cesarano M, Pierantoni PP and Turco E (2002) Structural analysis
of the Albidona formation in the Alessandria del Carretto-
Plataci area (Calabro-Lucanian Apennines southern Italy).
Bollettino della Società geologica italiana 1: 669–676.
Cioni R, Civetta L, Marianelli P et al. (1995) Compositional layering
and syn-eruptive mixing of a periodically refilled shallow
magma chamber: The AD 79 Plinian eruption of Vesuvius.
Journal of Petrology 36(3): 739–776.
Civetta L, Galati R and Santacroce R (1991) Magma mixing
and convective compositional layering within the Vesuvius
magma chamber. Bulletin of Volcanology 53(4): 287–300.
Cocca C, Campanile D and Campanile G (2006) Il parco nazionale
del Pollino tra ecologia e sviluppo. Forest@ 3(3):
310–314.
D Antonio M, Tonarini S, Arienzo I et al. (2013) Mantle and
crustal processes in the magmatism of the Campania region:
Inferences from mineralogy geochemistry and Sr–Nd–O isotopes
of young hybrid volcanics of the Ischia island (South
Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 165(6):
1173–1194.
De Neef W (2016) Surface subsurface: A methodological study of
metal age settlement and land use in Calabria (Italy). Unpublished
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Groningen.
Di Renzo V, Di Vito MA, Arienzo I et al. (2007) Magmatic history
of Somma-Vesuvius on the basis of new geochemical and isotopic
data from a deep bore-hole. Journal of Petrology 48(4):
753–784.
Di Rita F and Magri D (2009) Holocene drought deforestation
and evergreen vegetation development in the central Mediterranean:
A 5500 year record from Lago Alimini Piccolo Apulia
southeast Italy. The Holocene 19: 295–306.
Di Rita F, Fletcher WJ, Aranbarri J et al. (2018) Holocene forest
dynamics in central and western Mediterranean: Periodicity,
spatio-temporal patterns and climate influence. Scientific
Reports 8(1): 8929.
Elevelt SC (2012) Subsistence and social stratification in Northern
Ionic Calabria from the Middle Bronze Age until the
Sevink et al. 647
Early Iron Age: The archaeozoological evidence. Unpublished
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Groningen.
Feiken H (2014) Dealing with Biases: Three Geo-Archaeological
Approaches to the Hidden Landscapes of Italy. Groningen:
Barkhuis Publishing.
Gargaglione AA (2001) Geologia flora e vegetazione del massiccio
montuoso del Pollino. Basilicata Regione Notizie 99:
17–24.
Goldstein SL, Deines P, Oelkers EH et al. (2003) Standards for
publication of isotope ratio and chemical data in chemical
geology. Chemical Geology 202: 1–4.
Grimm EC (2015) Tilia and Tiliagraph 2041. Available at: https://
wwwtiliaitcom/download/ (accessed 21 March 2018).
Huntley B, Bartlein PJ and Prentice IC (1989) Climatic control
of the distribution and abundance of beech (Fagus L)
in Europe and North America. Journal of Biogeography 16:
551–560.
Iovine RS, Mazzeo FC, Arienzo I et al. (2017) Source and magmatic
evolution inferred from geochemical and Sr-O-isotope
data on hybrid lavas of Arso the last eruption at Ischia island
(Italy; 1302 AD). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research: 331: 1–15.
Ippolito F (2016a) Before the Iron Age: The oldest settlements in
the hinterland of the Sibaritide (Calabria. Italy) [Groningen]:
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. Available at: https://www.rug.nl
/research/portal/files/36137198/Complete_thesis.pdf.
Ippolito F (2016b) Contextualization of funerary evidence from
the cave Sant’Angelo IV Northeastern Calabria Italy. Palaeohistoria
57–58: 111–116.
Joannin S, Brugiapaglia E, Beaulieu JLD et al. (2012) Pollenbased
reconstruction of Holocene vegetation and climate in
southern Italy: The case of Lago Trifoglietti. Climate of the
Past 8(6): 1973–1996.
Jung R (2017) Chronological problems of the middle bronze
age in Southern Italy. In: Lachenal T, Mordant C, Nicola T
et al. (eds) Le Bronze moyen et l’origine du Bronze final en
Europe occidentale de la Méditerranée aux pays nordiques
(xviie-xiiie siècle avant notre ère.). Strasbourg: Mémoires
d’Archéologie du Grand-Est 1, pp. 621–639.
Kleine E (2004) Pollenonderzoek Lago Forano: Holocene vegetatiegeschiedenis
van de Sibaritide. Unpublished Master’s
Thesis, University of Groningen.
Kleine E, Cappers R, Attema PAJ et al. (2005) Holocene vegetatiegeschiedenis
van de Sibaritide (Calabrie Italie): Analyse
van het pollenmateriaal uit Lago Forano. Paleo-Aktueel
14–15: 68–73.
Matteucci R (1984) Pascoli estivi e tratturi nell’area di Broglio.
In: Peroni R (ed.) Nuove Ricerche Sulla Protostoria Della
Sibaritide. Roma: Publications du Centre Jean Bérard, pp.
260–265.
Mercuri AM, Bandini Mazzanti M, Florenzano A et al. (2013)
Olea Juglans and Castanea: The OJC group as pollen evidence
of the development of human-induced environments
in the Italia peninsula. Quaternary International 303:
24–42.
Mook WG and van der Plicht J (1999) Reporting C-14 activities
and concentrations. Radiocarbon 41(3): 227–239.
Moore PD, Webb JA and Collinson ME (1991) Pollen Analysis.
Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.
Palmentola G, Acquafredda P and Fiore S (1990) A new correlation
of the glacial moraines in the Southern Apennines Italy.
Geomorphology 31: 1–8.
Passariello I, Lubritto C, D’Onofrio A et al. (2010) The Somma–
Vesuvius complex and the Phlaegrean Fields caldera: New
chronological data of several eruptions of the Copper–Middle
Bronze age period. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in
Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
and Atoms 268(7): 1008–1012.
Peroni R and Trucco F (1994) Enotri E Micenei Nella Sibaritide.
Taranto: Istituto Magna Grecia.
Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A et al. (2013) IntCal13 and Marine13
Radiocarbon Age calibration curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP.
Radiocarbon 55(4): 1869–1887.
Rolandi G, Petrosino P and Mc Geehin J (1998) The interplinian
activity at Somma–Vesuvius in the last 3500 years. Journal of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research 82(1): 19–52.
Santacroce R (1987) Somma-Vesuvius. Quaderni Della Ricerca
Scientifica 114: 1–251.
Santacroce R, Cioni R, Marianelli P et al. (2008) Age and whole
rock–glass compositions of proximal pyroclastics from the
major explosive eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius: A review as a
tool for distal tephrostratigraphy. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research 177(1): 1–18.
Schneider R (1985) Analyse palynologique dans l’Aspromonte en
Calabre (Italie meridionale). Cahiers ligures de préhistoire et
de protohistoire 2: 279–288.
Sevink J, Van Bergen MJ, Van Der Plicht J et al. (2011) Robust
date for the Bronze Age Avellino eruption (Somma-Vesuvius):
3945±10 calBP (1995±10 calBC). Quaternary Science
Reviews 30(9–10): 1035–1046.
Sevink J, van der Plicht J, Feiken H et al. (2013) The Holocene
of the Agro Pontino graben: Recent advances in its palaeogeography
palaeoecology and tephrostratigraphy. Quaternary
International 303: 153–162.
Thirlwall MF (1991) Long-term reproducibility of multicollector Sr
and Nd isotope ratio analysis. Chemical Geology 94: 85–104.
Van Geel B (1978) A palaeoecological study of Holocene peat
bog sections in Germany and the Netherlands based on the
analysis of pollen spores and macro-and microscopic remains
of fungi algae cormophytes and animals. Review of Palaeobotany
and Palynology 251: 1–120.
Van Geel B and Aptroot A (2006) Fossil ascomycetes in Quaternary
deposits. Nova Hedwigia 82: 313–329.
Veenman F (2002) Reconstructing the Pasture a reconstruction of
pastoral landuse in Italy in the first millennium BC. Unpublished
Doctoral Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
Vingiani S, Minieri L, Albore Livadie C et al. (2017) Pedological
investigation of an early Bronze Age site in southern Italy.
Geoarchaeology 332: 193–217.
Woldring H, Boekema Y, Attema PAJ et al. (2006) Vegetatieontwikkeling
en landgebruik in de Monte Sparviere (Calabrie
Italie). Paleo-aktueel 17: 82–89.
Zanchetta G, Giraudi C, Sulpizio R et al. (2012) Constraining the
onset of the Holocene ‘Neoglacial’ over the central Italy using
tephra layers. Quaternary Research 78(2): 236–247.
Zanchetta G, Regattieri E, Isola I et al. (2016) The so-called ‘42
event’ in the central Mediterranean and its climatic teleconnections.
Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary 29(1): 5–17
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