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Quantification of the depletion of ozone in the plume of Mount Etna
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
4V. Vulcani e ambiente
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/15(2015)
ISSN
1680-7316
Electronic ISSN
1680-7324
Pages (printed)
2613–2628
Issued date
March 9, 2015
Abstract
Volcanoes are an important source of inorganic halogen species into the atmosphere. Chemical processing of these species generates oxidised, highly reactive, halogen species which catalyse considerable O3 destruction within volcanic plumes. A campaign of ground-based in situ O3,
SO2 and meteorology measurements was undertaken at the summit of Mount Etna volcano in July/August 2012. At the
same time, spectroscopic measurements were made of BrO and SO2 columns in the plume downwind.
Depletions of ozone were seen at all in-plume measurement locations, with average O3 depletions ranging from 11–35 nmol mol1 (15–45 %). Atmospheric processing times of the plume were estimated to be between 1 and 4 min. A 1-D numerical model of early plume evolution was also used.
It was found that in the early plume O3 was destroyed at an approximately constant rate relative to an inert plume tracer.
This is ascribed to reactive halogen chemistry, and the data suggests the majority of the reactive halogen that destroys O3 in the early plume is generated within the crater, including a substantial proportion generated in a high-temperature
“effective source region” immediately after emission. The model could approximately reproduce the main measured features of the ozone chemistry. Model results show a strong
dependence of the near-vent bromine chemistry on the presence or absence of volcanic NOx emissions and suggest that
near-vent ozone measurements can be used as a qualitative indicator of NOx emission.
SO2 and meteorology measurements was undertaken at the summit of Mount Etna volcano in July/August 2012. At the
same time, spectroscopic measurements were made of BrO and SO2 columns in the plume downwind.
Depletions of ozone were seen at all in-plume measurement locations, with average O3 depletions ranging from 11–35 nmol mol1 (15–45 %). Atmospheric processing times of the plume were estimated to be between 1 and 4 min. A 1-D numerical model of early plume evolution was also used.
It was found that in the early plume O3 was destroyed at an approximately constant rate relative to an inert plume tracer.
This is ascribed to reactive halogen chemistry, and the data suggests the majority of the reactive halogen that destroys O3 in the early plume is generated within the crater, including a substantial proportion generated in a high-temperature
“effective source region” immediately after emission. The model could approximately reproduce the main measured features of the ozone chemistry. Model results show a strong
dependence of the near-vent bromine chemistry on the presence or absence of volcanic NOx emissions and suggest that
near-vent ozone measurements can be used as a qualitative indicator of NOx emission.
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tropospheric plume of Erebus volcano (Antarctica), Atmos. Environ.,
45, 3856–3866, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.027, 2011.
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fitting of data and application to atmospheric chemistry
problems, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5477–5487, doi:10.5194/acp-
8-5477-2008, 2008.
Delmelle, P., Delfosse, T., and Delvaux, B.: Sulfate, chloride
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emissions, Environ. Pollut., 126, 445–457, doi:10.1016/s0269-
7491(03)00196-9, 2003.
Donovan, A., Tsanev, V., Oppenheimer, C., and Edmonds, M.:
Reactive halogens (BrO and OClO) detected in the plume of
Soufrière Hills Volcano during an eruption hiatus, Geochem.
Geophy. Geosy., 15, 3346–3363, doi:10.1002/2014GC005419,
2014.
General, S., Bobrowski, N., Pöhler, D., Weber, K., Fischer, C., and
Platt, U.: Airborne I-DOAS measurements at Mt. Etna: BrO
and OClO evolution in the plume, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res.,
doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.05.012, in press, 2014.
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trace gases, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 5, Q09007,
doi:10.1029/2004gc000747, 2004.
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M.W.: Particles and Gases in the Emissions from the 1980–1981
Volcanic-Eruptions of Mt St-Helens, J. Geophys. Res.-Oc. Atm.,
87, 1062–1086, doi:10.1029/JC087iC13p11062, 1982.
Hörmann, C., Sihler, H., Bobrowski, N., Beirle, S., Penning de
Vries, M., Platt, U., and Wagner, T.: Systematic investigation
of bromine monoxide in volcanic plumes from space by using
the GOME-2 instrument, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4749–4781,
doi:10.5194/acp-13-4749-2013, 2013.
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Universität Heidelberg, Germany, 2007.
Kelly, P. J., Kern, C., Roberts, T. J., Lopez, T., Werner, C., and
Aiuppa, A.: Rapid chemical evolution of tropospheric volcanic
emissions from Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, based on observations
of ozone and halogen-containing gases, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res.,
259, 317–333, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.023, 2013.
Kern, C., Sihler, H., Vogel, L., Rivera, C., Herrera, M., and Platt, U.:
Halogen oxide measurements at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua using
active long path differential optical absorption spectroscopy,
B. Volcanology, 71, 659–670, doi:10.1007/s00445-008-0252-8,
2009.
Kärcher, B.: Aviation-Produced Aerosols and Contrails, Surv. Geophys.,
20, 113–167, doi:10.1023/A:1006600107117, 1999. Lee, C., Kim, Y. J., Tanimoto, H., Bobrowski, N., Platt, U., Mori, T.,
Yamamoto, K., and Hong, C. S.: High ClO and ozone depletion
observed in the plume of Sakurajima volcano, Japan, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 32, L21809, doi:10.1029/2005gl023785, 2005.
Martin, R. S., Mather, T. A., and Pyle, D. M.: High-temperature
mixtures of magmatic and atmospheric gases, Geochem. Geophys.
Geosyst., 7, Q04006, doi:10.1029/2005GC001186, 2006.
Martin, R. S., Roberts, T. J., Mather, T. A., and Pyle, D. M.: The implications
of H2S and H2 kinetic stability in high-T mixtures of
magmatic and atmospheric gases for the production of oxidized
trace species (e.g., BrO and NOx), Chem. Geol., 263, 143–150,
doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.028, 2009.
Martin, R. S., Ilyinskaya, E., and Oppenheimer, C.: The enigma of
reactive nitrogen in volcanic emissions, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Ac., 95, 93–105, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.07.027, 2012.
Martin, S. T., Schlenker, J. C., Malinowski, A., Hung, H.-
M., and Rudich, Y.: Crystallization of atmospheric sulfatenitrate-
ammonium particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2102,
doi:10.1029/2003GL017930, 2003.
McGonigle, A. J. S., Delmelle, P., Oppenheimer, C., Tsanev, V. I.,
Delfosse, T., Williams-Jones, G., Horton, K., and Mather, T. A.:
SO2 depletion in tropospheric volcanic plumes, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 31, L13201, doi:10.1029/2004gl019990, 2004.
Neri, M., Casu, F., Acocella, V., Solaro, G., Pepe, S., Barardino,
P., Sansosti, E., Caltabiano, T., Lundgren, P., and Lanari, R.:
Deformation and eruptions at Mt. Etna (Italy): A lesson from
15 years of observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02309,
doi:10.1029/2008GL036151, 2009.
Oppenheimer, C., Tsanev, V. I., Braban, C. F., Cox, R. A.,
Adams, J. W., Aiuppa, A., Bobrowski, N., Delmelle, P., Barclay,
J., and McGonigle, A. J. S.: BrO formation in volcanic
plumes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 70, 2935–2941,
doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.001, 2006.
Oppenheimer, C., Kyle, P., Eisele, F., Crawford, J., Huey, G.,
Tanner, D., Kim, S., Mauldin, L., Blake, D., Beyersdorf, A.,
Buhr, M., and Davis, D.: Atmospheric chemistry of an Antarctic
volcanic plume, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D04303,
doi:10.1029/2009jd011910, 2010.
Pyle, D. M. and Mather, T. A.: Halogens in igneous processes
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