Scintillation modeling

In this chapter, some scintillation models are described, taking into account of the dynamical nature of the Earth's ionosphere and its “complexity.” After a short description of the problem, a detailed explanation is provided about the propagation model named WAM, after its authors Wernik, Alfonsi, and Materassi. WAM is a propagation model based on a phase screen approach, where the statistical characteristics of the screen are constructed according to in situ data of ionospheric irregularities. Then, the Ground-Based Scintillation Climatology (GBSC) model is presented; this is a tool based on a wide statistical database from high performance receivers.