Magmatism Along Lateral Slab Edges: Insights From the Diamante‐Enotrio‐Ovidio Volcanic‐Intrusive Complex (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea)

Volcanic-Intrusive complexes often formed along lateral slab-edges as a consequence of subduction-induced mantle flow. We investigate this process in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea by integrating multibeam bathymetry, seismic-reflection data, regional magnetic anomalies data, and seismological data. The interpretation of the data highlights the presence of magmatic intrusions that locally reach the seafloor forming volcanic edifices. Chimneys, lava flows, and laccoliths are observed beneath and surrounding the volcanoes. The emplacement and cooling of the magma occurred during the Brunhes Chron. The volcanoes are not active even if the hydrothermal activity occurs. The volcanic-intrusive complex can be subdivided in a western domain (Diamante and Enotrio seamounts) where strike-slip transpressional faults deform the volcanic edifices, and an eastern domain (Ovidio volcanic seamounts) characterized by flat-topped volcanic edifices. The flat-topped morphology is the result of the interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation and sea-level change. The Ovidio volcanic seamounts formed in an area that experienced at least 60 m of subsidence. Magnetic signatures over the northern side of the Ovidio and Diamante seamounts highlight the presence of a deep-rooted, magnetized feeding system remnant. Volcanic edifices extend above a magma feeding system, characterized by low Vp/Vs ratios. The Diamante-Enotrio-Ovidio volcanic-intrusive complex formed as a consequence of the ascent of subduction-induced mantle flow originated in the northern-western edge of the retreating Ionian slab. We speculate that the magma ascent was controlled by a strike-slip deformation belt, which accommodated the bulk of the shear strain resulting from the formation of a roughly E-W trending, Subduction-Transform Edges Propagator fault.

Agip, S. (1981). Italia, Carta Magnetica: Anomalie del Campo Magnetico Residuo. In S. Donato Milanese.
Aizawa, K., Koyama, T., Hase, H., Uyeshima, M., Kanda, W., Utsugi, M., … Yamazaki, K. (2014). Three‐dimensional resistivity structure and magma plumbing system of the Kirishima Volcanoes as inferred from broadband magnetotelluric data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119(1), 198–215.
Argnani, A. (2009). Evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian slab tear and active tectonics along the western edge of the Tyrrhenian subducted slab. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311(1), 193–212.
Argnani, A., & Savelli, C. (1999). Cenozoic volcanism and tectonics in the southern Tyrrhenian sea: Space-time distribution and geodynamic significance. Journal of Geodynamics, 27(4–5), 409–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(98)00025-8
Argnani, A., & Trincardi, F. (1988). Paola slope basin: evidence of regional contraction on the eastern Tyrrhenian margin. Memorie Della Società Geologica Italiana, 44, 93–105.
Baccheschi, P., Margheriti, L., & Steckler, M. S. (2007). Seismic anisotropy reveals focused mantle flow around the Calabrian slab ( Southern Italy ), 34, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028899
Baes, M., Govers, R., & Wortel, R. (2011). Subduction initiation along the inherited weakness zone at the edge of a slab: Insights from numerical models. Geophysical Journal International, 184(3), 991–1008.
Baranov, V., & Naudy, H. (1964). Numerical calculation of the formula of reduction to the magnetic pole. Geophysics, 29(1), 67–79.
Barberi, F., Gasparini, P., Innocenti, F., & Villari, L. (1973). Volcanism of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea and its geodynamic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research, 78(23), 5221–5232.
Barreca, G. (2018). Active Tectonics along the South East Offshore Margin of Mt . Etna : New Insights from High-Resolution Seismic Profiles. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8020062
Barreca, G., Branca, S., & Monaco, C. (2018). Three-Dimensional Modeling of Mount Etna Volcano: Volume Assessment, Trend of Eruption Rates, and Geodynamic Significance. Tectonics, 37(3), 842–857. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004851
Beccaluva, L., Gabbianelli, G., Lucchini, F., Rossi, P. L., & Savelli, C. (1985). Petrology and K/Ar ages of volcanics dredged from the Eolian seamounts: implications for geodynamic evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian basin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 74(2–3), 187–208.
Bintanja, R., van de Wal, R. S. W., & Oerlemans, J. (2005). Modelled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels over the past million years. Nature, 437(7055), 125.
Blakely, R. J. (1996). Potential theory in gravity and magnetic applications. Cambridge university press.
Boccaletti, M., Nicolich, R., & Tortorici, L. (1984). The Calabrian Arc and the Ionian Sea in the dynamic evolution of the Central Mediterranean. Marine Geology, 55(3–4), 219–245.
Carminati, E., Cavazza, W., Roure, F., Spakman, W., Stampfli, G. M., & Ziegler, P. A. (2004). TRANSMED Transect III: Massif Central-Provence-Gulf of Lion-Provençal Basin-Sardinia-Tyrrhenian Basin-Southern Apennines-Apulia-Adriatic Sea-Albanides-Balkans-Moesian Platform. Cavazza, W., Roure, F., Spakman, Stampfli, GM and Ziegler, PA, Eds., The TRANSMED Atlas: The Mediterranean Region from Crust to Mantle: Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag.
Carminati, E., & Doglioni, C. (2005). EUROPE| Mediterranean Tectonics.
Carminati, E., Wortel, M. J. R., Spakman, W., & Sabadini, R. (1998). The role of slab detachment processes in the opening of the western–central Mediterranean basins: some geological and geophysical evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 160(3–4), 651–665.
Casalbore, D., Falese, F., Martorelli, E., Romagnoli, C., & Chiocci, F. L. (2017). Submarine depositional terraces in the Tyrrhenian Sea as a proxy for paleo-sea level reconstruction: Problems and perspective. Quaternary International, 439, 169–180.
Casalbore, D., Romagnoli, C., Pimentel, A., Quartau, R., Casas, D., Ercilla, G., … Chiocci, F. L. (2015). Volcanic, tectonic and mass-wasting processes offshore Terceira Island (Azores) revealed by high-resolution seafloor mapping. Bulletin of Volcanology, 77(3), 24.
Catalano, R., & Sulli, A. (2006). Crustal image of the Ionian basin and accretionary wedge. Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl, 47(3), 343–374.
Cernobori, L., Hirn, A., McBride, J. H., Nicolich, R., Petronio, L., & Romanelli, M. (1996). Crustal image of the Ionian basin and its Calabrian margins. Tectonophysics, 264(1–4), 175–189.
Chatelain, J., Molnar, P., Prévot, R., & Isacks, B. (1992). Detachment of part of the downgoing slab and uplift of the New Hebrides (Vanuatu) Islands. Geophysical Research Letters, 19(14), 1507–1510.
Chiappini, M. (2000). Onshore-offshore integrated shaded relief magnetic: anomaly map at sea level of Italy and surrounding areas. Annali Di Geofizics.
Chiarabba, C., De Gori, P., & Speranza, F. (2008). The southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone: deep geometry, magmatism and Plio-Pleistocene evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 268(3–4), 408–423.
Chiocci, F. L., & Orlando, L. (1996). Lowstand terraces on Tyrrhenian Sea steep continental slopes. Marine Geology, 134(1–2), 127–143.
Chiocci, F. L., Romagnoli, C., Casalbore, D., Sposato, A., Martorelli, E., Alonso, B., … Ercilla, G. (2013). Bathy-morphological setting of Terceira Island (Azores) after the FAIVI cruise. Journal of Maps, 9(4), 590–595.
Civello, S., & Margheriti, L. (2004). Toroidal mantle flow around the Calabrian slab ( Italy ) from SKS splitting, 31(January), 2001–2004. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019607
Clague, D. A., Moore, J. G., & Reynolds, J. R. (2000). Formation of submarine flat-topped volcanic cones in Hawai’i. Bulletin of Volcanology, 62(3), 214–233.
Cocchi, L., Passaro, S., Tontini, F. C., & Ventura, G. (2017). Volcanism in slab tear faults is larger than in island-arcs and back-arcs. Nature Communications, 8(1), 1451. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01626-w
Coltelli, M., Cavallaro, D., D’Anna, G., D’Alessandro, A., Grassa, F., Mangano, G., … Gresta, S. (2016). Exploring the submarine Graham Bank in the Sicily Channel. Annals of Geopysyscs.
Cuffaro, M., Martorelli, E., Bosman, A., Conti, A., Bigi, S., Muccini, F., … Scrocca, D. (2016). The Ventotene Volcanic Ridge: a newly explored complex in the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy). Bulletin of Volcanology, 78(12), 86.
Damuth, J. E. (1980). Use of high-frequency (3.5–12 kHz) echograms in the study of near-bottom sedimentation processes in the deep-sea: a review. Marine Geology, 38(1–3), 51–75.
Dannowski, A., Morgan, J. P., Grevemeyer, I., & Ranero, C. R. (2018). Enhanced Mantle Upwelling/Melting Caused Segment Propagation, Oceanic Core Complex Die Off, and the Death of a Transform Fault: The Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at 21.5° N. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123(2), 941–956.
De Astis, G., Ventura, G., & Vilardo, G. (2003). Geodynamic significance of the Aeolian volcanism (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) in light of structural, seismological, and geochemical data. Tectonics, 22(4).
De Ritis, R., Dominici, R., Ventura, G., Nicolosi, I., Chiappini, M., Speranza, F., … Sonnino, M. (2010). A buried volcano in the Calabrian Arc (Italy) revealed by high-resolution aeromagnetic data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 115(11), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB007171
de Voogd, B., Truffert, C., Chamot-Rooke, N., Huchon, P., Lallemant, S., & Le Pichon, X. (1992). Two-ship deep seismic soundings in the basins of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Pasiphae cruise). Geophysical Journal International, 109(3), 536–552.
Dellong, D., Klingelhoefer, F., Kopp, H., Graindorge, D., & Margheriti, L. (2018). Crustal structure of the Ionian basin and eastern Sicily margin : results from a wide-angle seismic survey ., (2). https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB015312
Faccenna, C., Becker, T. W., Lallemand, S., Lagabrielle, Y., Funiciello, F., & Piromallo, C. (2010). Subduction-triggered magmatic pulses: A new class of plumes? Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 299(1–2), 54–68.
Faccenna, C., Becker, T. W., Lucente, F. P., Jolivet, L., & Rossetti, F. (2001). History of subduction and back arc extension in the Central Mediterranean. Geophysical Journal International, 145(3), 809–820.
Faccenna, C., Civetta, L., Antonio, M. D., Funiciello, F., Margheriti, L., & Piromallo, C. (2005). Constraints on mantle circulation around the deforming Calabrian slab, 32(Figure 3), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021874
Faccenna, C., Funiciello, F., Piromallo, C., Rossetti, F., Giardini, D., & Funiciello, R. (2004). Subduction and back-arc extension in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Memorie Descrittive Carta Geologica d’ Italia, XLIV, 165–184.
Faccenna, C., Molin, P., Orecchio, B., Olivetti, V., Bellier, O., Funiciello, F., … Billi, A. (2011). Topography of the Calabria subduction zone (southern Italy): Clues for the origin of Mt. Etna. Tectonics, 30(1).
Ferranti, L., Burrato, P., Pepe, F., Santoro, E., Mazzella, M. E., Morelli, D., … Vannucci, G. (2014). An active oblique-contractional belt at the transition between the Southern Apennines and Calabrian Arc: The Amendolara Ridge, Ionian Sea, Italy. Tectonics, 33(11), 2169–2194. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003624
Ferrari, L., & Manetti, P. (1993). Geodynamic framework of the Tyrrhenian volcanism: a review. Acta Vulcanol, 3, 1–10.
Finetti, I., & Del Ben, A. (1986). Geophysical study of the Tyrrhenian opening. Bollettino Di Geofisica Teorica e Applicata, 28, 75–155.
Finetti, I. R. (2005). CROP project: deep seismic exploration of the central Mediterranean and Italy (Vol. 1). Elsevier.
Foulger, G. R., Panza, G. F., Artemieva, I. M., Bastow, I. D., Cammarano, F., Evans, J. R., … Thybo, H. (2013). Caveats on tomographic images. Terra Nova, 25(4), 259–281.
Funiciello, F., Moroni, M., Piromallo, C., Faccenna, C., Cenedese, A., & Bui, H. A. (2006). Mapping mantle flow during retreating subduction: Laboratory models analyzed by feature tracking. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 111(B3).
Gasparon, M., Rosenbaum, G., Wijbrans, J., & Manetti, P. (2009). The transition from subduction arc to slab tearing: Evidence from Capraia Island, northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Journal of Geodynamics, 47(1), 30–38.
Gillot, P. Y. (1987). Histoire volcanique des Iles Eoliennes: arc insulaire ou complexe orogénique anulaire. Doc. Trav. IGAL, 11, 35–42.
Goes, S., Giardini, D., Jenny, S., Hollenstein, C., Kahle, H., & Geiger, A. (2004). A recent tectonic reorganization in the south-central Mediterranean, 226, 335–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.038
González, P. J., Samsonov, S. V, Pepe, S., Tiampo, K. F., Tizzani, P., Casu, F., … Sansosti, E. (2013). Magma storage and migration associated with the 2011–2012 El Hierro eruption: implications for crustal magmatic systems at oceanic island volcanoes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 118(8), 4361–4377.
Govers, R., & Wortel, M. J. R. (2005). Lithosphere tearing at STEP faults: Response to edges of subduction zones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 236(1–2), 505–523.
Gueguen, E., Doglioni, C., & Fernandez, M. (1998). On the post-25 Ma geodynamic evolution of the western Mediterranean. Tectonophysics, 298(1–3), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00189-9
Hernández-Molina, F. J., Fernández-Salas, L. M., Lobo, F., Somoza, L., Díaz-del-Río, V., & Dias, J. M. A. (2000). The infralittoral prograding wedge: a new large-scale progradational sedimentary body in shallow marine environments. Geo-Marine Letters, 20(2), 109–117.
Ingrassia, M., Martorelli, E., Bosman, A., Macelloni, L., Sposato, A., & Chiocci, F. L. (2015). The Zannone Giant Pockmark: First evidence of a giant complex seeping structure in shallow-water, central Mediterranean Sea, Italy. Marine Geology, 363, 38–51.
Ishizuka, O., Geshi, N., Itoh, J., Kawanabe, Y., & TuZino, T. (2008). The magmatic plumbing of the submarine Hachijo NW volcanic chain, Hachijojima, Japan: Long‐distance magma transport? Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 113(B8).
Ismail-Zadeh, A. T., Nicolich, R., & Cernobori, L. (1998). Modelling of geodynamic evolution of the Ionian Sea basin. Comput. Seismol. Geodyn., 30, 32–50.
Kastens, K., Mascle, J., Auroux, C., Bonatti, E., Broglia, C., Channell, J., … Hasegawa, S. (1988). ODP Leg 107 in the Tyrrhenian Sea: Insights into passive margin and back-arc basin evolution. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100(7), 1140–1156.
Király, Á., Capitanio, F. A., Funiciello, F., & Faccenna, C. (2017). Subduction induced mantle flow: Length-scales and orientation of the toroidal cell. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 479, 284–297.
Kokelaar, B. P., & Durant, G. P. (1983). The submarine eruption and erosion of Surtla (Surtsey), Iceland. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 19(3–4), 239–246.
Koulakov, I. (2009). LOTOS code for local earthquake tomographic inversion: Benchmarks for testing tomographic algorithms. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(1), 194–214.
Lallemand, S., Font, Y., Bijwaard, H., & Kao, H. (2001). New insights on 3-D plates interaction near Taiwan from tomography and tectonic implications. Tectonophysics, 335(3–4), 229–253.
Leahy, G. M., & Bercovici, D. (2007). On the dynamics of a hydrous melt layer above the transition zone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B7).
Levin, V., Shapiro, N., Park, J., & Ritzwoller, M. (2002). Seismic evidence for catastrophic slab loss beneath Kamchatka. Nature, 418(6899), 763.
Liu, L., & Stegman, D. R. (2012). Origin of Columbia River flood basalt controlled by propagating rupture of the Farallon slab. Nature, 482(7385), 386.
Locardi, E. (1993). Dynamics of deep structures in the Tyrrhenian-Apennines area and its relation to neotectonics. Il Quaternario, 6, 59–66.
Locardi, E., & Nicolich, R. (2005). Crust-mantle structures and Neogene-quaternary magmatism in Italy. Bollettino Di Geofisica Teorica Ed Applicata, 46(2–3), 169–180.
Loreto, M. F., Pepe, F., De Ritis, R., Ventura, G., Ferrante, V., Speranza, F., … Sacchi, M. (2015). Geophysical investigation of Pleistocene volcanism and tectonics offshore Capo Vaticano (Calabria, southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea). Journal of Geodynamics, 90, 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2015.07.005
Lucente, F. P., Chiarabba, C., Cimini, G. B., & Giardini, D. (1999). Tomographic constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Italian region. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 104(B9), 20307–20327.
Lustrino, M., & Wilson, M. (2007). The circum-Mediterranean anorogenic Cenozoic igneous province. Earth-Science Reviews, 81(1–2), 1–65.
Malinverno, A., Cafiero, M., Ryan, W. B. F., & Cita, M. B. (1981). Distribution of messinian sediments and erosional surfaces beneath the tyrrhenian sea-geodynamic implications. Oceanologica Acta, 4(4), 489–495.
Marani, M. P., & Trua, T. (2002). Thermal constriction and slab tearing at the origin of a superinflated spreading ridge: Marsili volcano (Tyrrhenian Sea). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 107(B9).
Martorelli, E., Italiano, F., Ingrassia, M., Macelloni, L., Bosman, A., Conte, A. M., … Chiocci, F. L. (2016). Evidence of a shallow water submarine hydrothermal field off Zannone Island from morphological and geochemical characterization: Implications for Tyrrhenian Sea Quaternary volcanism. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121(12), 8396–8414.
Milia, A., Turco, E., Pierantoni, P. P., & Schettino, A. (2009). Four-dimensional tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Southeastern peri-Tyrrhenian basins (Margin of Calabria, Italy). Tectonophysics, 476(1–2), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.030
Miller, M. S., Gorbatov, A., & Kennett, B. L. N. (2006). Three‐dimensional visualization of a near‐vertical slab tear beneath the southern Mariana arc. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 7(6).
Mitchell, N. C., Masselink, G., Huthnance, J. M., Fernández-Salas, L. M., & Lobo, F. J. (2012). Depths of modern coastal sand clinoforms. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 82(7), 469–481.
Montuori, C., Cimini, G. B., & Favali, P. (2007). Teleseismic tomography of the southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone: New results from seafloor and land recordings. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B3).
Neri, G., Marotta, A. M., Orecchio, B., Presti, D., Totaro, C., Barzaghi, R., & Borghi, A. (2012). How lithospheric subduction changes along the Calabrian Arc in southern Italy: geophysical evidences. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 101(7), 1949–1969.
Neri, G., Orecchio, B., Totaro, C., Falcone, G., & Presti, D. (2009). Subduction beneath southern Italy close the ending: Results from seismic tomography. Seismological Research Letters, 80(1), 63–70.
Nicolosi, I., Speranza, F., & Chiappini, M. (2006). Ultrafast oceanic spreading of the Marsili Basin, southern Tyrrhenian Sea: Evidence from magnetic anomaly analysis. Geology, 34(9), 717–720.
Nijholt, N., & Govers, R. (2015). The role of passive margins on the evolution of Subduction‐Transform Edge Propagators (STEPs). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(10), 7203–7230.
Nolet, G. (1987). Seismic wave propagation and seismic tomography. In Seismic tomography (pp. 1–23). Springer.
Orecchio, B., Presti, D., Totaro, C., Guerra, I., & Neri, G. (2011). Imaging the velocity structure of the Calabrian Arc region (southern Italy) through the integration of different seismological data. Bollettino Di Geofisica Teorica Ed Applicata, 52(4).
Orecchio, B., Presti, D., Totaro, C., & Neri, G. (2014). What earthquakes say concerning residual subduction and STEP dynamics in the Calabrian Arc region, south Italy. Geophysical Journal International, 199(3), 1929–1942.
Paige, C. C., & Saunders, M. A. (1982). LSQR: An algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS), 8(1), 43–71.
Panza, G. F., Chimera, G., Pontevivo, A., Aoudia, A., & Raykova, R. (2003). The lithosphere-asthenosphere: Italy and surroundings.
Parson, L. M., Murton, B. J., Searle, R. C., Booth, D., Evans, J., Field, P., … Millard, N. (1993). En echelon axial volcanic ridges at the Reykjanes Ridge: a life cycle of volcanism and tectonics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 117(1–2), 73–87.
Passaro, S., Milano, G., D’Isanto, C., Ruggieri, S., Tonielli, R., Bruno, P. P., … Marsella, E. (2010). DTM-based morphometry of the Palinuro seamount (Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea): Geomorphological and volcanological implications. Geomorphology, 115(1–2), 129–140.
Pepe, F., Bertotti, G., Ferranti, L., Sacchi, M., Collura, A. M., Passaro, S., & Sulli, A. (2014). Pattern and rate of post-20 ka vertical tectonic motion around the Capo Vaticano Promontory (W Calabria, Italy) based on offshore geomorphological indicators. Quaternary International, 332, 85–98.
Pepe, F., Sulli, A., Bertotti, G., & Cella, F. (2010). Architecture and Neogene to Recent evolution of the western Calabrian continental margin: An upper plate perspective to the Ionian subduction system, central Mediterranean. Tectonics, 29(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009TC002599
Piromallo, C., & Morelli, A. (2003). P wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine‐Mediterranean area. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 108(B2).
Prada, M., Ranero, C. R., Sallarès, V., Zitellini, N., & Grevemeyer, I. (2016). Mantle exhumation and sequence of magmatic events in the Magnaghi–Vavilov Basin (Central Tyrrhenian, Italy): New constraints from geological and geophysical observations. Tectonophysics, 689, 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.01.041
Quartau, R., Hipólito, A., Romagnoli, C., Casalbore, D., Madeira, J., Tempera, F., … Chiocci, F. L. (2014). The morphology of insular shelves as a key for understanding the geological evolution of volcanic islands: Insights from Terceira Island (Azores). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15(5), 1801–1826.
Reynolds, J. M. (2011). An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics. John Wiley & Sons.
Romagnoli, C., Casalbore, D., Ricchi, A., Lucchi, F., Quartau, R., Bosman, A., … Chiocci, F. L. (2018). Morpho-bathymetric and seismo-stratigraphic analysis of the insular shelf of Salina (Aeolian archipelago) to unveil its Late-Quaternary geological evolution. Marine Geology, 395, 133–151.
Romagnoli, C., & Jakobsson, S. P. (2015). Post-eruptive morphological evolution of island volcanoes: Surtsey as a modern case study. Geomorphology, 250, 384–396.
Rosenbaum, G., Gasparon, M., Lucente, F. P., Peccerillo, A., & Miller, M. S. (2008). Kinematics of slab tear faults during subduction segmentation and implications for Italian magmatism, 27, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002143
Sacks, P. E., & Secor Jr, D. T. (1990). Delamination in collisional orogens. Geology, 18(10), 999–1002.
Santo, A. P., & Clark, A. H. (1994). Volcanological evolution of Aeolian Arc, Italy: Inferences from 40Ar/39Ar ages of Filicudi rocks. IAVCEI Congress, Abstract Volume, Ankara, 1994. Savelli, C. 2000. Two-stage progression of volcanism 8–0 Ma in the central Mediterranean southern Italy. Journal of Geodynamics, 31, 87–104.
Sartori, R., Torelli, L., Zitellini, N., Carrara, G., Magaldi, M., & Mussoni, P. (2004). Crustal features along a W-E Tyrrhenian transect from Sardinia to Campania margins (Central Mediterranean). Tectonophysics, 383(3–4), 171–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.02.008
Savelli, C. (1988). Late Oligocene to Recent episodes of magmatism in and around the Tyrrhenian Sea: implications for the processes of opening in a young inter-arc basin of intra-orogenic (Mediterranean) type. Tectonophysics, 146(1–4), 163–181.
Scarfì, L., & Barberi, G. (2018). Slab narrowing in the Central Mediterranean : the Calabro-Ionian subduction zone as imaged by high resolution seismic tomography, (March), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23543-8
Schwartz, D. M., Soule, S. A., Wanless, V. D., & Jones, M. R. (2018). Identification of erosional terraces on seamounts: implications for interisland connectivity and subsidence in the Galápagos Archipelago. Frontiers in Earth Science, 6, 88.
Scrocca, D., Doglioni, C., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P., Mazzotti, A., Bertelli, L., … D’Offizi, S. (2003). CROP ATLAS-Seismic Reflection Profiles of the Italian Crust (Vol. 62).
Sedimentari, B. (1980). Dati geologici preliminari sul bacino di Cefalu(Mar Tirreno). Ateneo Parmense. Acta Nat, 16, 3–18.
Smith, D. K., & Cann, J. R. (1999). Constructing the upper crust of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge: A reinterpretation based on the Puna Ridge, Kilauea Volcano. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 104(B11), 25379–25399.
Strak, V., & Schellart, W. P. (2014). Evolution of 3-D subduction-induced mantle flow around lateral slab edges in analogue models of free subduction analysed by stereoscopic particle image velocimetry technique. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 403, 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.007
Tempera, F., Hipólito, A., Madeira, J., Vieira, S., Campos, A. S., & Mitchell, N. C. (2013). Condor seamount (Azores, NE Atlantic): a morpho-tectonic interpretation. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 98, 7–23.
Tibaldi, A. (2015). Structure of volcano plumbing systems: A review of multi-parametric effects. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 298, 85–135.
Tontini, F. C., Stefanelli, P., Giori, I., Faggioni, O., & Carmisciano, C. (2004). The revised aeromagnetic anomaly map of Italy. Annals of Geophysics, 47(5).
Totaro, C., Koulakov, I., Orecchio, B., & Presti, D. (2014). Detailed crustal structure in the area of the southern Apennines–Calabrian Arc border from local earthquake tomography. Journal of Geodynamics, 82, 87–97.
Totaro, C., Seeber, L., Waldhauser, F., Steckler, M., Gervasi, A., Guerra, I., … Presti, D. (2015). An Intense Earthquake Swarm in the Southernmost Apennines: Fault Architecture from High-Resolution Hypocenters and Focal MechanismsAn Intense Earthquake Swarm in the Southernmost Apennines. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105(6), 3121–3128.
Trua, T., Serri, G., Marani, M. P., Marina, G., Gobetti, V., & Bologna, I.-. (2003). Lateral flow of African mantle below the nearby Tyrrhenian plate : geochemical evidence. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00509.x
Trua, T., Serri, G., Marani, M. P., Rossi, P. L., Gamberi, F., & Renzulli, A. (2004). Mantle domains beneath the southern Tyrrhenian: constraints from recent seafloor sampling and dynamic implications. Periodico Di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 53–73.
Vacquier, V. (1972). Geomagnetism in marine geology (Vol. 6). Elsevier.
Wortel, M. J. R., & Spakman, W. (2000). Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian region. Science, 290(5498), 1910–1917.
Würtz, M., & Rovere, M. (2015). Atlas of the Mediterranean seamounts and seamount-like structures. IUCN.